Phosphorus(P)is essential for basic natural processes and can limit the productivity of entire ecosystems.However,agricultural lands worldwide currently suffer from P deficiency.The application of P fertilizers is not...Phosphorus(P)is essential for basic natural processes and can limit the productivity of entire ecosystems.However,agricultural lands worldwide currently suffer from P deficiency.The application of P fertilizers is not only poorly utilized,but also results in the gradual accumulation of P.Biochar,a substance produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen levels,is frequently used as a soil amendment.It provides P in a form that is readily available for plant uptake,and thus addresses both short-and long-term soil P deficiencies.In this paper,we systematically reviewed relevant studies on“biochar and soil”or“biochar and soil P”published in the past decade(2013–2023).A synthesis of the reported results revealed that analyzing the effect of biochar on soil P through changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities has gradually emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years.The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential effects of biochar addition on soil P availability,including the clarification of the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that although biochar application generally exerts a positive effect on soil P availability,there are differences in the extent of effects based on application conditions.Shifting to mechanisms,biochar application not only directly increases the available phosphorus(AP)content of soil,but also indirectly influences soil P availability via changes in soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.To summarize,biochar application can affect soil P availability to different degrees through direct or indirect pathways.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These...Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use.Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially.Therefore,in this study,critical soil P values for yield reduction(PCrit)were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials(2016-2017).At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil(in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract)was determined.Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops(potato,winter wheat,barley,rye,maize,sugar beet and temporary grassland).These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency.The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth,exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value.The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly.Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability(i.e.,lower PCrit value)for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH.Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.展开更多
The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to en...The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to environmental changes and nutrient availability.However,limited research has been conducted on long-term temporal leaf N:P variation over a range of temperature zones.Using long-term monitoring data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN),we investigated temporal changes in leaf N and P stoichiometry for 50 dominant tree species from 10 typical forest sites across temperate and subtropical regions,and identified the underlying mechanisms driving these changes.For both regions combined,leaf P concentration of the 50 dominant tree species decreased(20.6%),whereas leaf N:P increased(52.0%)from 2005 to 2020.Leaf P decreased and leaf N:P increased in 67% and 69% of the tree species,respectively.The leaf N:P increase was primarily driven by the tree species in eastern subtropical forests,where global change factors and soil nutrients explained 68% of leaf N:P variation.The P limitation exhibited by tree species in eastern subtropical forest ecosystems intensified over time,and elevated temperature and CO_(2) levels,coupled with decreased soil available P concentrations,appear to be the main factors driving long-term leaf N:P increases in these forests.Investigating long-term variations in soil nutrients together with global change factors will improve our understanding of the nutrient status of forest ecosystems in the context of global change and will support effective forest ecosystem management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177447)as well as the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province(Grant No.20220508124RC)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20210101395JC).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is essential for basic natural processes and can limit the productivity of entire ecosystems.However,agricultural lands worldwide currently suffer from P deficiency.The application of P fertilizers is not only poorly utilized,but also results in the gradual accumulation of P.Biochar,a substance produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen levels,is frequently used as a soil amendment.It provides P in a form that is readily available for plant uptake,and thus addresses both short-and long-term soil P deficiencies.In this paper,we systematically reviewed relevant studies on“biochar and soil”or“biochar and soil P”published in the past decade(2013–2023).A synthesis of the reported results revealed that analyzing the effect of biochar on soil P through changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities has gradually emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years.The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential effects of biochar addition on soil P availability,including the clarification of the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that although biochar application generally exerts a positive effect on soil P availability,there are differences in the extent of effects based on application conditions.Shifting to mechanisms,biochar application not only directly increases the available phosphorus(AP)content of soil,but also indirectly influences soil P availability via changes in soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.To summarize,biochar application can affect soil P availability to different degrees through direct or indirect pathways.
基金The field trials of 2016 and 2017 were financed by Flemish Land Agency(project APLM/2014/3).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use.Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially.Therefore,in this study,critical soil P values for yield reduction(PCrit)were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials(2016-2017).At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil(in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract)was determined.Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops(potato,winter wheat,barley,rye,maize,sugar beet and temporary grassland).These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency.The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth,exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value.The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly.Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability(i.e.,lower PCrit value)for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH.Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42030509)the Special Project on National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(No.2021FY100705).
文摘The leaf nitrogen(N)to phosphorus(P)ratio(N:P)is a critical indicator of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.Investigating temporal variations in leaf N:P can provide valuable insights into how plants adapt to environmental changes and nutrient availability.However,limited research has been conducted on long-term temporal leaf N:P variation over a range of temperature zones.Using long-term monitoring data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN),we investigated temporal changes in leaf N and P stoichiometry for 50 dominant tree species from 10 typical forest sites across temperate and subtropical regions,and identified the underlying mechanisms driving these changes.For both regions combined,leaf P concentration of the 50 dominant tree species decreased(20.6%),whereas leaf N:P increased(52.0%)from 2005 to 2020.Leaf P decreased and leaf N:P increased in 67% and 69% of the tree species,respectively.The leaf N:P increase was primarily driven by the tree species in eastern subtropical forests,where global change factors and soil nutrients explained 68% of leaf N:P variation.The P limitation exhibited by tree species in eastern subtropical forest ecosystems intensified over time,and elevated temperature and CO_(2) levels,coupled with decreased soil available P concentrations,appear to be the main factors driving long-term leaf N:P increases in these forests.Investigating long-term variations in soil nutrients together with global change factors will improve our understanding of the nutrient status of forest ecosystems in the context of global change and will support effective forest ecosystem management.
