The effects of bispyribac sodium 10% SC and butachlor 50% SC on soil physico-chemical properties and microflora in transplanted kharifrice were investigated over two seasons （2010 and 2011 ） Effects of the herbicide...The effects of bispyribac sodium 10% SC and butachlor 50% SC on soil physico-chemical properties and microflora in transplanted kharifrice were investigated over two seasons （2010 and 2011 ） Effects of the herbicide on bulk density, water holding capacity, moisture content, soil pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, as well as total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents were analyzed along with microflora population （total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi）. No significant changes in soil physico-chemical properties were observed. Herbicide treatments resulted in decreases in microbial counts initially. With the degradation of applied herbicides within a considerable time, the microflora populations even exceeded the initial count at 60 d after application of the herbicide.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites aust...A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis,Zizania aquatica,and Acorus calamus.The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian plants.A.calamus displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils,as compared with Z.aquatica and P.australis.Half-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of P.australis,Z.aquatica,and A.calamus were 7.5,9.8 and 5.4 days,respectively.Residual butachlor concentration in A.calamus rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in Z.aquatica and P.australis rhizosphere soils,respectively,indicating that A.calamus showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian plant.In general,microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition,despite the riparian plant types.However,rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly （P 0.05） differed between riparian plant species.Compared to Z.aquatica and P.australis,A.calamus showed significantly larger microbial number,higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils.The results indicated that A.calamus have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.展开更多
We collected soil samples from two representative sites at Aatmile of Khagarachari hill district in Chittagong Hill Tracts. One of the sites was under shifting cultivation and the other an adjacent 13-year old teak pl...We collected soil samples from two representative sites at Aatmile of Khagarachari hill district in Chittagong Hill Tracts. One of the sites was under shifting cultivation and the other an adjacent 13-year old teak plantation. Both sites were in the same physiographic condition and same aspect with parable soil type, which enabled us to measure the effects of shifting cultivation on soil micro-flora. We studied soil phys-ico-chemical properties and the biochemical and biological properties of soil microbes. Moisture and organic matter content as well as fungi and bacterial populations, both in surface and subsurface soils, were signifi-cantly （p≤0.001） lower in shifting cultivated soils compared to soils not under shifting cultivation, i.e. the teak plantation site. The most abundant bacteria in surface （0-10 cm） and sub-surface （10-20 cm） soils under shifting cultivation were Pseudomonas diminuta and Shigella, respec-tively, while in corresponding soil layers of teak plantation, predominant microbes were Bacillus firmus （0-10 cm） and Xanthomonas （10-20 cm）. The microbial population differences cannot be explained by soil texture differences because of the textural similarity in soils from the two sites but could be related to the significantly lower moisture and organic mat-ter contents in soils under shifting cultivation.展开更多
旨在探讨EM微生物菌剂与牛、羊粪配施对高海拔地区燕麦产量、品质及土壤质量的影响。以‘青海甜燕麦’为材料,比较了不同剂量的EM菌剂(EM1、EM2、EM3、EM4、EM5)与牛、羊粪配施效果,并以不施肥作为对照(CK)。在生长季节(5—10月)观察了...旨在探讨EM微生物菌剂与牛、羊粪配施对高海拔地区燕麦产量、品质及土壤质量的影响。以‘青海甜燕麦’为材料,比较了不同剂量的EM菌剂(EM1、EM2、EM3、EM4、EM5)与牛、羊粪配施效果,并以不施肥作为对照(CK)。在生长季节(5—10月)观察了各处理对燕麦生长发育、产量、品质、土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用EM菌剂显著促进了燕麦生长,尤其在株高、根总长、旗叶叶面积和鲜质量上,其中EM4处理的株高最高,较CK增加20.11%。光合作用方面,增施EM菌剂提高了燕麦SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞内CO_(2)浓度,其中EM3和EM4处理的净光合速率均超过13μmol/(m^(2)·s),较CK分别增加34.38%和33.57%。营养品质分析显示,EM3处理的粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别为7.13%和10.65%,较CK显著提高38.71%和32.46%,且总可消化养分含量均在60%以上,显著优于CK。在饲草产量方面,EM3处理的鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为28492.00和10928.80 kg/hm^(2),较CK分别增加28.57%和54.36%。土壤质量方面,施用EM菌剂后,土壤有机碳和全氮含量显著增加,EM3处理的全氮含量最高,较CK提高18.23%,同时土壤电导率和pH下降。土壤β-葡萄糖甘梅和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性在EM3处理达到峰值,分别较CK处理显著提高60.31%和70.68%。隶属函数综合评价分析显示,各处理对燕麦生长和土壤质量的改善效果依次为EM3>EM4>EM5>EM2>EM1>CK,表明EM3处理效果最佳。因此,在高海拔地区每公顷施用15.00 kg EM菌剂+18000 kg的牛羊粪组合效果最佳,显著促进了燕麦的生长发育,提高了其营养品质,并有效改善了土壤养分及酶活性。建议在高海拔地区推广该施肥方案,以提升燕麦的产量和土壤健康,促进高海拔地区燕麦饲草的绿色可持续生产。展开更多
基金supported by M/S Crystal Crop Protection Pvt.Ltd.,Corp.Office:G I/17,GT Karnal Road,Industrial Area,Azadpur(Near Azadpur Metro Station),Delhi 110033,India
文摘The effects of bispyribac sodium 10% SC and butachlor 50% SC on soil physico-chemical properties and microflora in transplanted kharifrice were investigated over two seasons （2010 and 2011 ） Effects of the herbicide on bulk density, water holding capacity, moisture content, soil pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, as well as total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents were analyzed along with microflora population （total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi）. No significant changes in soil physico-chemical properties were observed. Herbicide treatments resulted in decreases in microbial counts initially. With the degradation of applied herbicides within a considerable time, the microflora populations even exceeded the initial count at 60 d after application of the herbicide.
基金supported by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse of China (No.PCRY09005)the National Special Item on Water Resource and Environment (No.2008ZX07316-4)the Key Project in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No.2009BAC62B00)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis,Zizania aquatica,and Acorus calamus.The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian plants.A.calamus displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils,as compared with Z.aquatica and P.australis.Half-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of P.australis,Z.aquatica,and A.calamus were 7.5,9.8 and 5.4 days,respectively.Residual butachlor concentration in A.calamus rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in Z.aquatica and P.australis rhizosphere soils,respectively,indicating that A.calamus showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian plant.In general,microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition,despite the riparian plant types.However,rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly （P 0.05） differed between riparian plant species.Compared to Z.aquatica and P.australis,A.calamus showed significantly larger microbial number,higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils.The results indicated that A.calamus have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.
基金United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) for funding this research
文摘We collected soil samples from two representative sites at Aatmile of Khagarachari hill district in Chittagong Hill Tracts. One of the sites was under shifting cultivation and the other an adjacent 13-year old teak plantation. Both sites were in the same physiographic condition and same aspect with parable soil type, which enabled us to measure the effects of shifting cultivation on soil micro-flora. We studied soil phys-ico-chemical properties and the biochemical and biological properties of soil microbes. Moisture and organic matter content as well as fungi and bacterial populations, both in surface and subsurface soils, were signifi-cantly （p≤0.001） lower in shifting cultivated soils compared to soils not under shifting cultivation, i.e. the teak plantation site. The most abundant bacteria in surface （0-10 cm） and sub-surface （10-20 cm） soils under shifting cultivation were Pseudomonas diminuta and Shigella, respec-tively, while in corresponding soil layers of teak plantation, predominant microbes were Bacillus firmus （0-10 cm） and Xanthomonas （10-20 cm）. The microbial population differences cannot be explained by soil texture differences because of the textural similarity in soils from the two sites but could be related to the significantly lower moisture and organic mat-ter contents in soils under shifting cultivation.
文摘旨在探讨EM微生物菌剂与牛、羊粪配施对高海拔地区燕麦产量、品质及土壤质量的影响。以‘青海甜燕麦’为材料,比较了不同剂量的EM菌剂(EM1、EM2、EM3、EM4、EM5)与牛、羊粪配施效果,并以不施肥作为对照(CK)。在生长季节(5—10月)观察了各处理对燕麦生长发育、产量、品质、土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用EM菌剂显著促进了燕麦生长,尤其在株高、根总长、旗叶叶面积和鲜质量上,其中EM4处理的株高最高,较CK增加20.11%。光合作用方面,增施EM菌剂提高了燕麦SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞内CO_(2)浓度,其中EM3和EM4处理的净光合速率均超过13μmol/(m^(2)·s),较CK分别增加34.38%和33.57%。营养品质分析显示,EM3处理的粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别为7.13%和10.65%,较CK显著提高38.71%和32.46%,且总可消化养分含量均在60%以上,显著优于CK。在饲草产量方面,EM3处理的鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为28492.00和10928.80 kg/hm^(2),较CK分别增加28.57%和54.36%。土壤质量方面,施用EM菌剂后,土壤有机碳和全氮含量显著增加,EM3处理的全氮含量最高,较CK提高18.23%,同时土壤电导率和pH下降。土壤β-葡萄糖甘梅和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性在EM3处理达到峰值,分别较CK处理显著提高60.31%和70.68%。隶属函数综合评价分析显示,各处理对燕麦生长和土壤质量的改善效果依次为EM3>EM4>EM5>EM2>EM1>CK,表明EM3处理效果最佳。因此,在高海拔地区每公顷施用15.00 kg EM菌剂+18000 kg的牛羊粪组合效果最佳,显著促进了燕麦的生长发育,提高了其营养品质,并有效改善了土壤养分及酶活性。建议在高海拔地区推广该施肥方案,以提升燕麦的产量和土壤健康,促进高海拔地区燕麦饲草的绿色可持续生产。
