A field experiment was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station ofEcology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to study the effects of soil management practices on water useand rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in an aquic ...A field experiment was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station ofEcology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to study the effects of soil management practices on water useand rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in an aquic brown soil during 2001 and 2002. A completely randomexperimental design with three replications was employed, having four soil management practices astreatments, namely: an undisturbed plow layer (CK), a thin plastic film (TN), a thick plastic film(TI) and subsoil compacting (CP). Results indicated no significant differences among all treatmentsfor rice biomass and grain yields. Also, water consumption was about the same for treatments TN andCK, however the treatments TI and CP were much lower with more than 45% and 40% of the irrigationwater in the treatments TI and CP, respectively, saved each year compared to CK. Therefore, wateruse efficiency was higher in the treatments TI and CP. These results will provide a scientific basisfor the water-saving rice cultivation.展开更多
Highly weathered soils are distributed in the humid and wet-dry tropics, as well as in the humid subtropics. As a result of strong weathering, these soils are characterized by low activity clays, which develop variabl...Highly weathered soils are distributed in the humid and wet-dry tropics, as well as in the humid subtropics. As a result of strong weathering, these soils are characterized by low activity clays, which develop variable surface charge and related specific properties. Surface reactions regarding base exchange and soil acidification, heavy metal sorption and mobility, and phosphorus sorption and availability of the tropical highly weathered soils are reviewed in this paper.Factors controlling surface reactivity towards cations and anions, including ion exchange and specific adsorption processes, are discussed with consideration on practical implications for rational management of these soils. Organic matter content and pH value are major basic factors that should be controlled through appropriate agricultural practices, in order to optimise favorable effects of colloid surface properties on soil fertility and environmental quality.展开更多
Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitr...Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application rates; （2） decrease to half in the application of soil amendments, like calcium silicate; （3） decrease in compost application and increase in rice straw application; （4） increase in pipe drainage. In spite of these changes, negligible change of carbon content in the plow-layer of alluvial paddy soils had been observed for past 25 years. However, without rice straw application and paddy-upland rotations, the soil carbon content had been decreased. Carbon content of alluvial paddy soils classified into Gley Lowland soil （Fluvisol or Gleysol） at the depth of 0-30 cm was calculated about 49-103 g-kg＂1 and gross carbon sequestration was calculated 7.68 Mt in the paddy field soils in Niigata prefecture.展开更多
Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy seaso...Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.展开更多
Soil capacity to support life and to produce economic goods and services is strongly linked to the maintenance of good soil physical quality(SPQ). In this study, the SPQ of citrus orchards was assessed under three dif...Soil capacity to support life and to produce economic goods and services is strongly linked to the maintenance of good soil physical quality(SPQ). In this study, the SPQ of citrus orchards was assessed under three different soil managements, namely no-tillage using herbicides, tillage under chemical farming, and no-tillage under organic farming. Commonly used indicators, such as soil bulk density,organic carbon content, and structural stability index, were considered in conjunction with capacitive indicators estimated by the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameter(BEST) method. The measurements taken at the L'Alcoleja Experimental Station in Spain yielded optimal values for soil bulk density and organic carbon content in 100% and 70% of cases for organic farming. The values of structural stability index indicated that the soil was stable in 90% of cases. Differences between the soil management practices were particularly clear in terms of plant-available water capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Under organic farming, the soil had the greatest ability to store and provide water to plant roots, and to quickly drain excess water and facilitate root proliferation.Management practices adopted under organic farming(such as vegetation cover between the trees, chipping after pruning, and spreading the chips on the soil surface) improved the SPQ. Conversely, the conventional management strategies unequivocally led to soil degradation owing to the loss of organic matter, soil compaction, and reduced structural stability. The results in this study show that organic farming has a clear positive impact on the SPQ, suggesting that tillage and herbicide treatments should be avoided.展开更多
Vineyards show some of the largest erosion rates reported in agricultural areas in Europe.Reported rates vary considerably under the same land use,since erosion processes are highly affected by climate,soil,topography...Vineyards show some of the largest erosion rates reported in agricultural areas in Europe.Reported rates vary considerably under the same land use,since erosion processes are highly affected by climate,soil,topography and by the adopted soil management practices.Literature also shows differences in the effect of same conservation practices on reducing soil erosion from conventional,bare soil based,management.The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is commonly adopted to estimate rates of water erosion on cropland under different forms of land use and management,but it requires proper value of soil cover and management(C)factors in order to obtain a reliable evaluation of local soil erosion rates.In this study the ORUSCAL(Orchard RUSle CALibration)is used to identify the best calibration strategy against long-term experimental data.Afterwards,ORUSCAL is used in order to apply the RUSLE technology from farm based information across different European wine-growing regions.The results suggest that the best strategy for calibration should incorporate the soil moisture sub-factor(Sm)to provide better soil loss predictions.The C factor,whose average values ranged from 0.012 to 0.597.presented a large spatial variability due to coupling with local climate and specific local management.The comparison across the five wine-growing regions indicates that for the soil protection management,permanent cover crop is the best measure for accomplishing sustainable erosion rates across the studied areas.Alternate and temporary cover crops,that are used in areas of limited water resources to prevent competition with vines,failed to achieve sustainable erosion rates,that still need to be addressed.This raises the need for a careful use of C values developed under different environmental conditions.展开更多
Soil fertility management （SFM） has important implications for sustaining agricultural development and food self-sufifciency. Better understanding the determinants of farmers’ SFM can be a great help to the adoptio...Soil fertility management （SFM） has important implications for sustaining agricultural development and food self-sufifciency. Better understanding the determinants of farmers’ SFM can be a great help to the adoption of effective SFM practices. Based on a dataset of 315 plots collected from a typical rice growing area of South China, this study applied statistical method and econometric models to examine the impacts of land characteristics on farmers’ SFM practices at plot scale. Main results showed that in general land characteristics affected SFM behaviors. Securer land tenure arrangements facilitated effective practices of SFM through more diversiifed and more soil-friendly cropping pattern choices. Plot size signiifcantly reduced the intensities of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. Given other factors, 1 ha increase in plot size might reduce 3.0 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 1.8 kg ha-1 K2O. Plots far from the homestead were paid less attention in terms of both chemical fertilizers and manure applications. Besides, plots with better quality were put more efforts on management by applying more nitrogen and manure, and by planting green manure crops. Signiifcant differences existed in SFM practices between the surveyed villages with different socio-economic conditions. The ifndings are expected to provide important references to the policy-making incentive for improving soil quality and crop productivity.展开更多
On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Un...On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.展开更多
A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investi...A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investigations aimed at determining farmers＇ knowledge on soil resources： local soil taxonomy and indicators of soil degradation, soil fertility management practices, and capacity for adoption of new technologies in soil fertility management. The results of the study showed that the main parameter for soil classification for all the investigated villages was soil texture composition; soil degradation was evaluated according to crops yield decrease and the development Striga sp. in 100% of the investigated villages; the use of organic manure and long term fellow were the main practices for soil fertility management; concerning the villages where modem technologies of soil fertility management were introduced, the lack of tools and capacity building were the main limiting factors of the adoption of these improved practices at small scale farmers＇ level. Even if discordance between scientific and local soil taxonomy were revealed by our investigations; significant similarities between indigenous and scientific indices of soil degradation were noticed. With regard to the actual magnitude of soil degradation; the local techniques of soil fertility management need to be improved and accessible to a big number of farmers.展开更多
Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe b...Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.展开更多
The digital revolution in agriculture has introduced data-driven decision-making,where artificial intelligence,especially machine learning(ML),helps analyze large and varied data sources to improve soil quality and cr...The digital revolution in agriculture has introduced data-driven decision-making,where artificial intelligence,especially machine learning(ML),helps analyze large and varied data sources to improve soil quality and crop growth indices.Thus,a thorough evaluation of scientific publications from 2007 to 2024 was conducted via the Scopus and Web of Science databases with the PRISMA guidelines to determine the realistic role of ML in soil health and crop improvement under the SDGs.In addition,the present review focused to identify and analyze the trends,challenges,and opportunities associated with the successful implementation of ML in agriculture.The assessment of various databases clearly revealed that ML implementation depends on crop management,while its limited potential in terms of soil health was explored.ML models,such as random forest and XGBoost,have demonstrated high accuracies of up to 99%in crop yield prediction and disease detection.Advanced ML frameworks,including the SHIDS-ADLT and EfficientNetB3,have improved soil health monitoring and plant disease classification.Irrigation management using ML has achieved over 50%water savings and irrigation efficiency by 10%-35%.These findings highlight the potential of ML to improve sustainable agricultural practices and soil health.A significant improvement discussed in this review is AutoML,which simplifies ML model implementation by automating feature selection,model selection,and hyperparameter tuning,reducing dependency on ML expertise.The integration of ML with remote sensing,Internet of Things(IoT),and big data analytics is expected to further transform the precision agriculture and real-time decisionmaking approaches to optimize resource utilization.Conclusively,the present review offers a quantitative perspective on the evolution of ML in agriculture,soil health management,crop yield prediction,and resource optimization.展开更多
The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practic...The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practices. The values of abundance, species richness, diversity and evenness were significantly larger in OT and ON than in CT, indicating that the abundance and diversity in organic farming fields were greater than those in conventional farming. The community structure of enchytraeid genera was different between OT and ON. Enchytraeus was the most abundant in OT, while Fridericia in ON. The abundance of oribatids in OT was similar to that in ON, while the species richness and diversity in the former were smaller. These results suggested that no-tillage practice under organic management might contribute to the improvement in quality of soil mesofauna.展开更多
Composite top- and subsoil samples were collected from the greenhouses in the Al-Balawneh area,Jordan,where intensive greenhouse production system(IGPS) has been practiced since 1998,to study the impact of IGPS on soi...Composite top- and subsoil samples were collected from the greenhouses in the Al-Balawneh area,Jordan,where intensive greenhouse production system(IGPS) has been practiced since 1998,to study the impact of IGPS on soil quality as measured by the chemical and biological properties to develop a sustainable production system.The study showed that IGPS led to higher electrical conductivity in top- and subsoils compared to an uncultivated soil(control).Quality and amount of irrigation water,lack of efficient drainage,and quantity and types of applied fertilizers were major factors resulting in salt buildup.IGPS resulted in lower total N(TN) and NO_3-N in the soil compared to the control.The lower TN was due to crop uptake,microbial immobilization,volatilization,and irregular application of composted animal manure or poultry manure.In contrast,higher residual Olsen-P content was detected in both soil layers of greenhouses than in the control.Residual P was classified as very high in the topsoil layers and sufficient to high in the subsoil layers.Residual available K in the soils of greenhouses was relatively lower than that in the control and it was,however,classified as high to very high.A large increase of Cl and a considerable decrease in the bacterial count were observed in both soil layers of IGPS compared to the control treatment.Economically sustainable soil management practices need to be adopted by farmers to achieve a sustainable and profitable production.This can be accomplished through education,targeted towards the farming community in the central Jordan Valley.展开更多
Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettab...Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered.展开更多
This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical...This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids)of the N’Zi River were carried out,followed by sampling(water and soil)for chemical analyses.The physico-chemical quality of irrigation water was assessed on the basis of four(4)parameters,namely Dry Residue(SR),Osmotic Pressure(π),Kelly Coefficient(KCR),Sodium Absorption Rate(SAR)and Wilcox Diagram.In terms of soil quality,the parameters(pH,N,P,P,K,MO,CEC and ESP)were determined.Overall,the results show a good physical-chemical quality of the irrigation water and soil.Indeed,the irrigation waters studied show good physico-chemistry and low to medium salinity depending on the seasons of the year.As for the soils,they have a clayey-silt texture,a slightly acidic pH,favourable to rice cultivation and a good organic matter content,which best maintains an active microbial life.In addition,the major elements(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)present in irrigation water and soils could be enough to optimize the yield of rice cultivation.These results then lead to the conclusion that the irrigation water from the N’Zi River and the soils of the irrigated perimeter of M’Bahiakro are naturally suitable for agricultural use,particularly for rice cultivation.As a result,an additional supply of fertilizer(NPK)would not necessarily be necessary during the exploitation phase of the rice area.展开更多
Plants are an important component in many natural ecosystems. They influence soil properties, especially in arid ecosystems. The selection of plant species based on their adaptations to site conditions is essential fo...Plants are an important component in many natural ecosystems. They influence soil properties, especially in arid ecosystems. The selection of plant species based on their adaptations to site conditions is essential for rehabilitation of degraded sites and other construction sites such as check-dams. Other factors to be considered in species selection include their effects on soil properties and their abilities to meet other management objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of native(Populus euphratica Oliv. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) and introduced(Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC.) woody species on soil properties and carbon sequestration(CS) in an arid region of Iran. Soil sampling was collected at three soil depths(0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) at the sites located under each woody species canopy and in an open area in 2017. Soil physical-chemical property was analyzed in the laboratory. The presence of a woody species changed soil characteristics and soil CS, compared with the open area. For example, the presence of a woody species caused a decrease in soil bulk density, of which the lowest value was observed under E. camaldulensis(1.38 g/cm^3) compared with the open area(1.59 g/cm^3). Also, all woody species significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and introduced species had more significant effect than native species. The results showed that CS significantly increased under the canopy of all woody species in a decreasing order of P. euphratica(9.08 t/hm^2)>E. camaldulensis(8.37 t/hm^2)>P. juliflora(5.20 t/hm^2)>T. ramosissima(2.93 t/hm^2)>open area(1.33 t/hm^2), thus demonstrating the positive effect of a woody species on CS. Although the plantation of non-native species had some positive effects on soil properties, we recommend increasing species diversity in plantations of native and introduced woody species to provide more diversity for the increased ecosystem services, resilience, health and long-term productivity.展开更多
The soil mesofauna plays a role in organic matter comminution and decomposition, and can be used as bioindicators, since they are sensitive to soil management, vegetation and climate changes. Hence, this study aimed t...The soil mesofauna plays a role in organic matter comminution and decomposition, and can be used as bioindicators, since they are sensitive to soil management, vegetation and climate changes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate mesofauna density and diversity in different land use systems to identify faunal relationships with soil properties, management and seasonality. The study area included five land use systems in Ponta Grossa municipality, Parana State： integrated crop-livestock （ICL）, integrated crop-livestock-forestry （ICLF）, grazed native pasture （NP）, Eucalyptus dunnii plantation （EU） and no-tillage （NT） cropping systems. In each system, eight soil samples for mesofauna were collected with Berlese funnels of 8 cm diameter along a transect in three replicate plots of 50 m × 100 m. For physical and chemical analysis, soil was sampled at five points per plot in two seasons： winter 2012 and autumn 2013. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan＇s test （P 〈 0.05）, nonparametric statistics （when necessary） and redundancy analysis （RDA）. Diversity was calculated based on the group richness and Simpson index. The main mesofauna groups found were： Acarina, Collembola and Hymenoptera. Diplopoda, Enchytraeidae, Isopoda, Collembola, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in autumn than winter. Soil moisture was the main factor responsible for higher mesofauna abundance in autumn. Integrated production systems, especially ICLF had similar invertebrate community abundance and composition with EU, while NT favored Oribatid mites, although the use of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides reduced total mesofauna density. Most correlations between mesofauna and physical-chemical attributes in the winter were not observed in the autumn and vice versa, revealing that there are more factors involved in regulating soil mesofauna distribution.展开更多
There is limited information on the pedological requirements of <i><span>Triumfetta cordifolia</span></i>. A starting point <span style="font-family:;" "="">for&l...There is limited information on the pedological requirements of <i><span>Triumfetta cordifolia</span></i>. A starting point <span style="font-family:;" "="">for</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> establishing such information requires knowledge on the growing environment of the species. The aim of this study was to <span>assess the physicochemical properties and mycorrhizal status in the rhizosphere of <i><span>Triumeffa cordifolia</span></i></span>. Soil and root samples from the rhizosphere </span>of <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i> were collected from three localities (Santchou, Bandjoun<span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and Balatchi) in the West Region of Cameroon. The results show that the soils are dominated by a loamy texture and have a mean porosity > 50%. Mean bulk density ranges from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.26 ± 0.04 g</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cm<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>3</sup>. The sum of exchangeable cations ranges from medium (6.45 ± 1.02) to high (11.21 ± 1.35) and are evident of the satisfactory soil organic matter (OM) content in the various localities (5.90% ± 0.42% to 10.65% ± 0.73%). Total nitrogen (TN) content of the soils ranged from low (0.10%) to very high (0.41%). Biological activity is low due to very poor OM quality (mean C/N > 20). The average available phosphorus status ranged from medium (18.32 ± 3.91 ppm) to very high (69.39 ± 26.09 ppm). The Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) was moderate (19.28 - 29.28 cmol</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">kg<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>1</sup>) and was mainly contributed by soil organic matter. Base saturation ranged from low (28.0%) to medium (48.83%). Assessment of endomycorrhizal colonization showed that the intensity (I), frequency (Fr) and specific density of spores (Ds) were not significantly different among sites. A high level of available P in the Santchou soils appears to be the major cause for </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lowest values of Fr, I</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and Ds observed. These results reaffirm the link between soil physicochemical properties and endomycorrhizal infection in <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i></span>. Site characteristics and soil OM quality are factors to be considered in promoting the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis for profitable and sustainable cultivation of <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i>.展开更多
Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivaria...Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivariate soil quality indice (SQI) models, such as additive quality index (AQI), weighted quality indexes (WQI<sub>add</sub> and WQI<sub>com</sub>) and Nemoro quality index (NQI), applied to two approaches of indicator selection: total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). Physical and chemical soil indicators were extracted from the ORSTOM’s reports resulting from a sampling campaign in different provinces of Gabon. The TDS approach shows soil quality status according to eleven soil indicators extracted from the analysis of 1,059 samples from arable soil layer (0 - 30 cm depth). The results indicated that 87% of all provinces presented a very low soil quality (Q5) whatever the model. Among soil indicators, exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, bulk density and C/N ratio were retained in MDS, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the MDS approach, 50 to 63% of provinces had low soil quality grades with AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI, whereas the total was observed with WQI<sub>com</sub>. Only 25% of provinces had medium soil quality grades with AQI and NQI models, while 12.5% (NQI) and 25% (AQI) presented high quality grades. Robust statistical analyses confirmed the accuracy and validation (0.80 r P ≤ 0.016) of AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI into the TDS and MDS approaches. The same sensitivity index value (1.53) was obtained with AQI and WQI<sub>add</sub>. However, WQI<sub>add</sub> was chosen as the best SQI model, according to its high linear regression value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82) between TDS and MDS. This study has important implications in decision-making on monitoring, evaluation and sustainable management of Gabonese soils in a pedoclimatic context unfavorable to plant growth.展开更多
Several studies indicate that the use of integrated production systems, such as integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF), improves the quality of the soil and consequently the sequestration of organic carbon in...Several studies indicate that the use of integrated production systems, such as integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF), improves the quality of the soil and consequently the sequestration of organic carbon in the soil. In this way, this work aims to evaluate the carbon stocks in soil under different management systems in the Cerrado/Amazonia transition zone, namely: ICLF, no-tillage, pasture and eucalyptus plantation. For this, two soil samplings were done in 2011 and 2014, in the 0 - 5, 5 - 10 and 10 - 30 cm layers. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks were analyzed. ICLF system was the treatment that obtained the highest percentage of carbon gain (7.8%) after three years of establishment which represents to an increase of 5.5 Mg·ha-1. Management systems, such as ICLF, with minimal soil disturbance combined with crop rotations that contribute to the quantity and quality of residues input, increase soil organic matter content. Carbon stock data show the potential of ICLF systems to increase soil carbon stocks.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Foundation of Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. SYZ0203).
文摘A field experiment was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station ofEcology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to study the effects of soil management practices on water useand rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in an aquic brown soil during 2001 and 2002. A completely randomexperimental design with three replications was employed, having four soil management practices astreatments, namely: an undisturbed plow layer (CK), a thin plastic film (TN), a thick plastic film(TI) and subsoil compacting (CP). Results indicated no significant differences among all treatmentsfor rice biomass and grain yields. Also, water consumption was about the same for treatments TN andCK, however the treatments TI and CP were much lower with more than 45% and 40% of the irrigationwater in the treatments TI and CP, respectively, saved each year compared to CK. Therefore, wateruse efficiency was higher in the treatments TI and CP. These results will provide a scientific basisfor the water-saving rice cultivation.
文摘Highly weathered soils are distributed in the humid and wet-dry tropics, as well as in the humid subtropics. As a result of strong weathering, these soils are characterized by low activity clays, which develop variable surface charge and related specific properties. Surface reactions regarding base exchange and soil acidification, heavy metal sorption and mobility, and phosphorus sorption and availability of the tropical highly weathered soils are reviewed in this paper.Factors controlling surface reactivity towards cations and anions, including ion exchange and specific adsorption processes, are discussed with consideration on practical implications for rational management of these soils. Organic matter content and pH value are major basic factors that should be controlled through appropriate agricultural practices, in order to optimise favorable effects of colloid surface properties on soil fertility and environmental quality.
文摘Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application rates; （2） decrease to half in the application of soil amendments, like calcium silicate; （3） decrease in compost application and increase in rice straw application; （4） increase in pipe drainage. In spite of these changes, negligible change of carbon content in the plow-layer of alluvial paddy soils had been observed for past 25 years. However, without rice straw application and paddy-upland rotations, the soil carbon content had been decreased. Carbon content of alluvial paddy soils classified into Gley Lowland soil （Fluvisol or Gleysol） at the depth of 0-30 cm was calculated about 49-103 g-kg＂1 and gross carbon sequestration was calculated 7.68 Mt in the paddy field soils in Niigata prefecture.
基金the French Ministry of Research under the ACI-FNS"ECCO-PNBC"project"Evaluation du r~■le des paramètres environnementaux et des activités bactériennes dans la dynamique du fer et du manganèse dans la rhizosphère des plantes:application aux sols de rizières"by the French Embassy in Bangkok.
文摘Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.
基金supported by the RECARE Project from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (No. 603498)COST actions 1306
文摘Soil capacity to support life and to produce economic goods and services is strongly linked to the maintenance of good soil physical quality(SPQ). In this study, the SPQ of citrus orchards was assessed under three different soil managements, namely no-tillage using herbicides, tillage under chemical farming, and no-tillage under organic farming. Commonly used indicators, such as soil bulk density,organic carbon content, and structural stability index, were considered in conjunction with capacitive indicators estimated by the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameter(BEST) method. The measurements taken at the L'Alcoleja Experimental Station in Spain yielded optimal values for soil bulk density and organic carbon content in 100% and 70% of cases for organic farming. The values of structural stability index indicated that the soil was stable in 90% of cases. Differences between the soil management practices were particularly clear in terms of plant-available water capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Under organic farming, the soil had the greatest ability to store and provide water to plant roots, and to quickly drain excess water and facilitate root proliferation.Management practices adopted under organic farming(such as vegetation cover between the trees, chipping after pruning, and spreading the chips on the soil surface) improved the SPQ. Conversely, the conventional management strategies unequivocally led to soil degradation owing to the loss of organic matter, soil compaction, and reduced structural stability. The results in this study show that organic farming has a clear positive impact on the SPQ, suggesting that tillage and herbicide treatments should be avoided.
基金the European BiodivERsA project VineDivers(https://short.boku.ac.at/vinedivers)through the BiodivERsA/FACCE JPI(2013-2014 joint call)for research proposals,with the national funders:Austrian Science Fund(grant numbers I 2044-/I 2043-/I 2042-B25 FWF)French National Research Agency(ANR),Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(PCIN-2014-098)+2 种基金Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation Funding(UEFISCDI)Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF/Germany)Also to the CNR Short Term Mobility Program 2016 for funding a stay at IAS-CSIC during which M.Biddoccu contributed to this study and the SHui project funded by the European Commission(GA 773903),which supported the final steps of the analysis presented in this manuscript.
文摘Vineyards show some of the largest erosion rates reported in agricultural areas in Europe.Reported rates vary considerably under the same land use,since erosion processes are highly affected by climate,soil,topography and by the adopted soil management practices.Literature also shows differences in the effect of same conservation practices on reducing soil erosion from conventional,bare soil based,management.The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is commonly adopted to estimate rates of water erosion on cropland under different forms of land use and management,but it requires proper value of soil cover and management(C)factors in order to obtain a reliable evaluation of local soil erosion rates.In this study the ORUSCAL(Orchard RUSle CALibration)is used to identify the best calibration strategy against long-term experimental data.Afterwards,ORUSCAL is used in order to apply the RUSLE technology from farm based information across different European wine-growing regions.The results suggest that the best strategy for calibration should incorporate the soil moisture sub-factor(Sm)to provide better soil loss predictions.The C factor,whose average values ranged from 0.012 to 0.597.presented a large spatial variability due to coupling with local climate and specific local management.The comparison across the five wine-growing regions indicates that for the soil protection management,permanent cover crop is the best measure for accomplishing sustainable erosion rates across the studied areas.Alternate and temporary cover crops,that are used in areas of limited water resources to prevent competition with vines,failed to achieve sustainable erosion rates,that still need to be addressed.This raises the need for a careful use of C values developed under different environmental conditions.
基金partly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71273268)
文摘Soil fertility management （SFM） has important implications for sustaining agricultural development and food self-sufifciency. Better understanding the determinants of farmers’ SFM can be a great help to the adoption of effective SFM practices. Based on a dataset of 315 plots collected from a typical rice growing area of South China, this study applied statistical method and econometric models to examine the impacts of land characteristics on farmers’ SFM practices at plot scale. Main results showed that in general land characteristics affected SFM behaviors. Securer land tenure arrangements facilitated effective practices of SFM through more diversiifed and more soil-friendly cropping pattern choices. Plot size signiifcantly reduced the intensities of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. Given other factors, 1 ha increase in plot size might reduce 3.0 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 1.8 kg ha-1 K2O. Plots far from the homestead were paid less attention in terms of both chemical fertilizers and manure applications. Besides, plots with better quality were put more efforts on management by applying more nitrogen and manure, and by planting green manure crops. Signiifcant differences existed in SFM practices between the surveyed villages with different socio-economic conditions. The ifndings are expected to provide important references to the policy-making incentive for improving soil quality and crop productivity.
文摘On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.
文摘A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investigations aimed at determining farmers＇ knowledge on soil resources： local soil taxonomy and indicators of soil degradation, soil fertility management practices, and capacity for adoption of new technologies in soil fertility management. The results of the study showed that the main parameter for soil classification for all the investigated villages was soil texture composition; soil degradation was evaluated according to crops yield decrease and the development Striga sp. in 100% of the investigated villages; the use of organic manure and long term fellow were the main practices for soil fertility management; concerning the villages where modem technologies of soil fertility management were introduced, the lack of tools and capacity building were the main limiting factors of the adoption of these improved practices at small scale farmers＇ level. Even if discordance between scientific and local soil taxonomy were revealed by our investigations; significant similarities between indigenous and scientific indices of soil degradation were noticed. With regard to the actual magnitude of soil degradation; the local techniques of soil fertility management need to be improved and accessible to a big number of farmers.
基金Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(XLK201406)~~
文摘Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(no.FENW-2023-0008)the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of Southern Federal University,known as“Priority 2030”.
文摘The digital revolution in agriculture has introduced data-driven decision-making,where artificial intelligence,especially machine learning(ML),helps analyze large and varied data sources to improve soil quality and crop growth indices.Thus,a thorough evaluation of scientific publications from 2007 to 2024 was conducted via the Scopus and Web of Science databases with the PRISMA guidelines to determine the realistic role of ML in soil health and crop improvement under the SDGs.In addition,the present review focused to identify and analyze the trends,challenges,and opportunities associated with the successful implementation of ML in agriculture.The assessment of various databases clearly revealed that ML implementation depends on crop management,while its limited potential in terms of soil health was explored.ML models,such as random forest and XGBoost,have demonstrated high accuracies of up to 99%in crop yield prediction and disease detection.Advanced ML frameworks,including the SHIDS-ADLT and EfficientNetB3,have improved soil health monitoring and plant disease classification.Irrigation management using ML has achieved over 50%water savings and irrigation efficiency by 10%-35%.These findings highlight the potential of ML to improve sustainable agricultural practices and soil health.A significant improvement discussed in this review is AutoML,which simplifies ML model implementation by automating feature selection,model selection,and hyperparameter tuning,reducing dependency on ML expertise.The integration of ML with remote sensing,Internet of Things(IoT),and big data analytics is expected to further transform the precision agriculture and real-time decisionmaking approaches to optimize resource utilization.Conclusively,the present review offers a quantitative perspective on the evolution of ML in agriculture,soil health management,crop yield prediction,and resource optimization.
文摘The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practices. The values of abundance, species richness, diversity and evenness were significantly larger in OT and ON than in CT, indicating that the abundance and diversity in organic farming fields were greater than those in conventional farming. The community structure of enchytraeid genera was different between OT and ON. Enchytraeus was the most abundant in OT, while Fridericia in ON. The abundance of oribatids in OT was similar to that in ON, while the species richness and diversity in the former were smaller. These results suggested that no-tillage practice under organic management might contribute to the improvement in quality of soil mesofauna.
文摘Composite top- and subsoil samples were collected from the greenhouses in the Al-Balawneh area,Jordan,where intensive greenhouse production system(IGPS) has been practiced since 1998,to study the impact of IGPS on soil quality as measured by the chemical and biological properties to develop a sustainable production system.The study showed that IGPS led to higher electrical conductivity in top- and subsoils compared to an uncultivated soil(control).Quality and amount of irrigation water,lack of efficient drainage,and quantity and types of applied fertilizers were major factors resulting in salt buildup.IGPS resulted in lower total N(TN) and NO_3-N in the soil compared to the control.The lower TN was due to crop uptake,microbial immobilization,volatilization,and irregular application of composted animal manure or poultry manure.In contrast,higher residual Olsen-P content was detected in both soil layers of greenhouses than in the control.Residual P was classified as very high in the topsoil layers and sufficient to high in the subsoil layers.Residual available K in the soils of greenhouses was relatively lower than that in the control and it was,however,classified as high to very high.A large increase of Cl and a considerable decrease in the bacterial count were observed in both soil layers of IGPS compared to the control treatment.Economically sustainable soil management practices need to be adopted by farmers to achieve a sustainable and profitable production.This can be accomplished through education,targeted towards the farming community in the central Jordan Valley.
基金Project supported by the Max-Planck Foundation, Germany
文摘Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered.
文摘This study aims to assess the physico-chemical quality of irrigation water and soil in the irrigated area of M’Bahiakro.Seasonal campaigns to measure in situ the physical parameters(pH,temperature,salinity,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids)of the N’Zi River were carried out,followed by sampling(water and soil)for chemical analyses.The physico-chemical quality of irrigation water was assessed on the basis of four(4)parameters,namely Dry Residue(SR),Osmotic Pressure(π),Kelly Coefficient(KCR),Sodium Absorption Rate(SAR)and Wilcox Diagram.In terms of soil quality,the parameters(pH,N,P,P,K,MO,CEC and ESP)were determined.Overall,the results show a good physical-chemical quality of the irrigation water and soil.Indeed,the irrigation waters studied show good physico-chemistry and low to medium salinity depending on the seasons of the year.As for the soils,they have a clayey-silt texture,a slightly acidic pH,favourable to rice cultivation and a good organic matter content,which best maintains an active microbial life.In addition,the major elements(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)present in irrigation water and soils could be enough to optimize the yield of rice cultivation.These results then lead to the conclusion that the irrigation water from the N’Zi River and the soils of the irrigated perimeter of M’Bahiakro are naturally suitable for agricultural use,particularly for rice cultivation.As a result,an additional supply of fertilizer(NPK)would not necessarily be necessary during the exploitation phase of the rice area.
基金the Ilam University, Iran for the financial support of the research。
文摘Plants are an important component in many natural ecosystems. They influence soil properties, especially in arid ecosystems. The selection of plant species based on their adaptations to site conditions is essential for rehabilitation of degraded sites and other construction sites such as check-dams. Other factors to be considered in species selection include their effects on soil properties and their abilities to meet other management objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of native(Populus euphratica Oliv. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) and introduced(Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC.) woody species on soil properties and carbon sequestration(CS) in an arid region of Iran. Soil sampling was collected at three soil depths(0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) at the sites located under each woody species canopy and in an open area in 2017. Soil physical-chemical property was analyzed in the laboratory. The presence of a woody species changed soil characteristics and soil CS, compared with the open area. For example, the presence of a woody species caused a decrease in soil bulk density, of which the lowest value was observed under E. camaldulensis(1.38 g/cm^3) compared with the open area(1.59 g/cm^3). Also, all woody species significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and introduced species had more significant effect than native species. The results showed that CS significantly increased under the canopy of all woody species in a decreasing order of P. euphratica(9.08 t/hm^2)>E. camaldulensis(8.37 t/hm^2)>P. juliflora(5.20 t/hm^2)>T. ramosissima(2.93 t/hm^2)>open area(1.33 t/hm^2), thus demonstrating the positive effect of a woody species on CS. Although the plantation of non-native species had some positive effects on soil properties, we recommend increasing species diversity in plantations of native and introduced woody species to provide more diversity for the increased ecosystem services, resilience, health and long-term productivity.
文摘The soil mesofauna plays a role in organic matter comminution and decomposition, and can be used as bioindicators, since they are sensitive to soil management, vegetation and climate changes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate mesofauna density and diversity in different land use systems to identify faunal relationships with soil properties, management and seasonality. The study area included five land use systems in Ponta Grossa municipality, Parana State： integrated crop-livestock （ICL）, integrated crop-livestock-forestry （ICLF）, grazed native pasture （NP）, Eucalyptus dunnii plantation （EU） and no-tillage （NT） cropping systems. In each system, eight soil samples for mesofauna were collected with Berlese funnels of 8 cm diameter along a transect in three replicate plots of 50 m × 100 m. For physical and chemical analysis, soil was sampled at five points per plot in two seasons： winter 2012 and autumn 2013. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan＇s test （P 〈 0.05）, nonparametric statistics （when necessary） and redundancy analysis （RDA）. Diversity was calculated based on the group richness and Simpson index. The main mesofauna groups found were： Acarina, Collembola and Hymenoptera. Diplopoda, Enchytraeidae, Isopoda, Collembola, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in autumn than winter. Soil moisture was the main factor responsible for higher mesofauna abundance in autumn. Integrated production systems, especially ICLF had similar invertebrate community abundance and composition with EU, while NT favored Oribatid mites, although the use of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides reduced total mesofauna density. Most correlations between mesofauna and physical-chemical attributes in the winter were not observed in the autumn and vice versa, revealing that there are more factors involved in regulating soil mesofauna distribution.
文摘There is limited information on the pedological requirements of <i><span>Triumfetta cordifolia</span></i>. A starting point <span style="font-family:;" "="">for</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> establishing such information requires knowledge on the growing environment of the species. The aim of this study was to <span>assess the physicochemical properties and mycorrhizal status in the rhizosphere of <i><span>Triumeffa cordifolia</span></i></span>. Soil and root samples from the rhizosphere </span>of <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i> were collected from three localities (Santchou, Bandjoun<span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and Balatchi) in the West Region of Cameroon. The results show that the soils are dominated by a loamy texture and have a mean porosity > 50%. Mean bulk density ranges from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.26 ± 0.04 g</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cm<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>3</sup>. The sum of exchangeable cations ranges from medium (6.45 ± 1.02) to high (11.21 ± 1.35) and are evident of the satisfactory soil organic matter (OM) content in the various localities (5.90% ± 0.42% to 10.65% ± 0.73%). Total nitrogen (TN) content of the soils ranged from low (0.10%) to very high (0.41%). Biological activity is low due to very poor OM quality (mean C/N > 20). The average available phosphorus status ranged from medium (18.32 ± 3.91 ppm) to very high (69.39 ± 26.09 ppm). The Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) was moderate (19.28 - 29.28 cmol</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">kg<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>1</sup>) and was mainly contributed by soil organic matter. Base saturation ranged from low (28.0%) to medium (48.83%). Assessment of endomycorrhizal colonization showed that the intensity (I), frequency (Fr) and specific density of spores (Ds) were not significantly different among sites. A high level of available P in the Santchou soils appears to be the major cause for </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lowest values of Fr, I</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and Ds observed. These results reaffirm the link between soil physicochemical properties and endomycorrhizal infection in <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i></span>. Site characteristics and soil OM quality are factors to be considered in promoting the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis for profitable and sustainable cultivation of <i><span>T. cordifolia</span></i>.
文摘Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and soil temporal changes. The present study aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywide. This assessment was done using multivariate soil quality indice (SQI) models, such as additive quality index (AQI), weighted quality indexes (WQI<sub>add</sub> and WQI<sub>com</sub>) and Nemoro quality index (NQI), applied to two approaches of indicator selection: total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). Physical and chemical soil indicators were extracted from the ORSTOM’s reports resulting from a sampling campaign in different provinces of Gabon. The TDS approach shows soil quality status according to eleven soil indicators extracted from the analysis of 1,059 samples from arable soil layer (0 - 30 cm depth). The results indicated that 87% of all provinces presented a very low soil quality (Q5) whatever the model. Among soil indicators, exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, bulk density and C/N ratio were retained in MDS, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the MDS approach, 50 to 63% of provinces had low soil quality grades with AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI, whereas the total was observed with WQI<sub>com</sub>. Only 25% of provinces had medium soil quality grades with AQI and NQI models, while 12.5% (NQI) and 25% (AQI) presented high quality grades. Robust statistical analyses confirmed the accuracy and validation (0.80 r P ≤ 0.016) of AQI, WQI<sub>add</sub> and NQI into the TDS and MDS approaches. The same sensitivity index value (1.53) was obtained with AQI and WQI<sub>add</sub>. However, WQI<sub>add</sub> was chosen as the best SQI model, according to its high linear regression value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82) between TDS and MDS. This study has important implications in decision-making on monitoring, evaluation and sustainable management of Gabonese soils in a pedoclimatic context unfavorable to plant growth.
基金supported by CNPq,Inter-American Development Bank(IDB-“Projeto Rural Sustentavel”)and Embrapa.
文摘Several studies indicate that the use of integrated production systems, such as integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF), improves the quality of the soil and consequently the sequestration of organic carbon in the soil. In this way, this work aims to evaluate the carbon stocks in soil under different management systems in the Cerrado/Amazonia transition zone, namely: ICLF, no-tillage, pasture and eucalyptus plantation. For this, two soil samplings were done in 2011 and 2014, in the 0 - 5, 5 - 10 and 10 - 30 cm layers. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks were analyzed. ICLF system was the treatment that obtained the highest percentage of carbon gain (7.8%) after three years of establishment which represents to an increase of 5.5 Mg·ha-1. Management systems, such as ICLF, with minimal soil disturbance combined with crop rotations that contribute to the quantity and quality of residues input, increase soil organic matter content. Carbon stock data show the potential of ICLF systems to increase soil carbon stocks.
