Inhibiting cadmium(Cd)accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd.This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron(Fe)-based biochar and selenium(Se)applications...Inhibiting cadmium(Cd)accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd.This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron(Fe)-based biochar and selenium(Se)applications alone or in combination on Cd accumulation in wheat grains in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil of rice-wheat rotation farmland.Considering soil Cd heterogeneity in the field,we set up 22 replicates of control(CK)and three replicates of each Fe-based biochar and/or Se treatment.Results clearly showed that the CK locations could greatly affect the evaluation of whether the difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between treatments and CK was significant.There was an insignificant difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between the treatment and the adjacent CK replicates.Although soil Se application at 2 mg kg^(-1)and foliar Se application at 4 mg L^(-1)significantly increased the grain Se concentration as compared with the adjacent CK replicates,they still could not reduce the Cd concentration in wheat grains.However,when compared to the CK replicates that had the highest grain Cd concentration,foliar and soil applications of Se could significantly reduce the wheat grain Cd concentration by 47.7% and 41.3%-46.1%,respectively.No matter which CK replicates were selected,the application of Fe-based biochar had no significant impact on Cd accumulation in wheat grains,and there was no significant difference in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-Cd concentration between the Fe-based biochar treatment and adjacent CK replicates.In conclusion,applying Fe-based biochar and Se in the field could not reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains in Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soils.展开更多
d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imita...d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.展开更多
High grain-Cd-accumulating rice variety Yongyou 9 was planted in Cd-contaminated farmland in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China to study the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) and24-epibrassinolide(EBR) on Cd a...High grain-Cd-accumulating rice variety Yongyou 9 was planted in Cd-contaminated farmland in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China to study the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) and24-epibrassinolide(EBR) on Cd accumulation in brown rice. Results showed that the exogenous ALA and EBR had no significant effects on agronomic traits, soil pH and total Cd content in soil, but had some effects on the available Cd content in soil, and significantly influenced the Cd accumulation in the different parts of rice. Results also showed that 100 mg/L exogenous ALA significantly reduced the Cd accumulation in brown rice to blow the food safety standard(0.2 mg/kg), and also significantly reduced the Cd contents in the roots and culm of rice. However, 200 mg/L exogenous ALA treatment increased the Cd content in brown rice remarkably. In addition, 0.15 mg/L EBR treatment increased Cd accumulation in roots, culm, leaves and brown rice notably, whereas 0.30 mg/L exogenous EBR treatment reduced the Cd accumulation in brown rice properly, but it was not significant. Therefore,proper concentration of ALA can effectively reduce the Cd accumulation in brown rice, which can be used as an effective technical method for the safe production of rice in Cd polluted farmland.展开更多
The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,...The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.展开更多
Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and ...Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and their combined application with alkaline amendments involving lime and oyster shell powder on soil Cd activation and rice Cd absorption were compared.And the correlation between soil available Cd and rice grain Cd was discussed.The results showed that compared with CK which did not involve amendments,the grain yields of early rice and late rice increased by 15.52%~36.01%and 12.02%~27.28%,respectively,the grain Cd content decreased by 24.76%~64.53%and 4.93%~58.32%,respectively,and the grain Cd accumulation decreased by 22.27%~51.76%and 33.84%~46.95%,respectively,except for single pig manure treatment.In particular,the Cd reduction effect of biochar was significantly better than that of pig manure,and the combined application with oyster shell powder was better than that with lime;after the harvest of early and late rice,the available Cd content in soil applied with amendments decreased by 35.00%~65.88%and 30.93%~68.57%,respectively,compared with CK.Further analysis showed that the soil available Cd content and rice grain Cd content could fit the linear equation well(R2>0.70,P<0.05),which demonstrated that the combined application of organic fertilizers and alkaline amendments can quickly reduce the Cd content of rice grain by passivating soil available Cd,and the combined application between biochar and oyster shell powder had a better effect.展开更多
Studies of critical concentration distribution features of polluted elements of Cd and As in main soil types of China, such as laterite, crimson soil, purplish soil, yellow brown soil, brunisolic soil, black soil, cin...Studies of critical concentration distribution features of polluted elements of Cd and As in main soil types of China, such as laterite, crimson soil, purplish soil, yellow brown soil, brunisolic soil, black soil, cinnamon soil and sierozem revealed that soil types vary in different zones, so do their critical concentrations.The critical concentration has a zonal differentiation with the distribution of soil types from south to north, and from east to west. The critical concentration of Cd increases from south to north (yellow brown soil,brunisolic soil and cinnamon soil),and from east to west (black soil and sierozem). This coincides With changes of climate zones and soil zones. On the contrary, the critical concentration of Asdecreases from south to north and from east to west.展开更多
Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil con...Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil contaminated by Cd among the world,but some methods are only suitable for the contaminated sites and indoor research,and can not be applied in large-range contaminated farmland. We analyze the source of Cd in farmland soil. By combining farmland＇s characteristics,three remediation techniques（ low-absorption crops plantation,soil solidification and phytoremediation） and their effects are analyzed,and the existing problems and research prospects of the above techniques are explored. The research could provide reference for restoring farmland soil contaminated by Cd in China,recovering its production function and enhancing food safety standards.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107005)the Research and Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University,China(No.2024LFR027)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(No.BE2021717)the Agricultural Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province,China(No.CX(24)1001)。
文摘Inhibiting cadmium(Cd)accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd.This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron(Fe)-based biochar and selenium(Se)applications alone or in combination on Cd accumulation in wheat grains in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil of rice-wheat rotation farmland.Considering soil Cd heterogeneity in the field,we set up 22 replicates of control(CK)and three replicates of each Fe-based biochar and/or Se treatment.Results clearly showed that the CK locations could greatly affect the evaluation of whether the difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between treatments and CK was significant.There was an insignificant difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between the treatment and the adjacent CK replicates.Although soil Se application at 2 mg kg^(-1)and foliar Se application at 4 mg L^(-1)significantly increased the grain Se concentration as compared with the adjacent CK replicates,they still could not reduce the Cd concentration in wheat grains.However,when compared to the CK replicates that had the highest grain Cd concentration,foliar and soil applications of Se could significantly reduce the wheat grain Cd concentration by 47.7% and 41.3%-46.1%,respectively.No matter which CK replicates were selected,the application of Fe-based biochar had no significant impact on Cd accumulation in wheat grains,and there was no significant difference in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-Cd concentration between the Fe-based biochar treatment and adjacent CK replicates.In conclusion,applying Fe-based biochar and Se in the field could not reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains in Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soils.
文摘d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LY17C020005)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2015C03020-4)+2 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31401356)Jinhua Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2015-2-012)the National Training Program for College Students to Innovate and Start Enterprise(Grant No.201710356013)
文摘High grain-Cd-accumulating rice variety Yongyou 9 was planted in Cd-contaminated farmland in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China to study the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) and24-epibrassinolide(EBR) on Cd accumulation in brown rice. Results showed that the exogenous ALA and EBR had no significant effects on agronomic traits, soil pH and total Cd content in soil, but had some effects on the available Cd content in soil, and significantly influenced the Cd accumulation in the different parts of rice. Results also showed that 100 mg/L exogenous ALA significantly reduced the Cd accumulation in brown rice to blow the food safety standard(0.2 mg/kg), and also significantly reduced the Cd contents in the roots and culm of rice. However, 200 mg/L exogenous ALA treatment increased the Cd content in brown rice remarkably. In addition, 0.15 mg/L EBR treatment increased Cd accumulation in roots, culm, leaves and brown rice notably, whereas 0.30 mg/L exogenous EBR treatment reduced the Cd accumulation in brown rice properly, but it was not significant. Therefore,proper concentration of ALA can effectively reduce the Cd accumulation in brown rice, which can be used as an effective technical method for the safe production of rice in Cd polluted farmland.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31870488,41571300)the Open Fund of Cultivation State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLGPT2019KF04-02)the project of Foreign Experts Bureau of Shaanxi province of China(No.G20200241015).
文摘The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.
文摘Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and their combined application with alkaline amendments involving lime and oyster shell powder on soil Cd activation and rice Cd absorption were compared.And the correlation between soil available Cd and rice grain Cd was discussed.The results showed that compared with CK which did not involve amendments,the grain yields of early rice and late rice increased by 15.52%~36.01%and 12.02%~27.28%,respectively,the grain Cd content decreased by 24.76%~64.53%and 4.93%~58.32%,respectively,and the grain Cd accumulation decreased by 22.27%~51.76%and 33.84%~46.95%,respectively,except for single pig manure treatment.In particular,the Cd reduction effect of biochar was significantly better than that of pig manure,and the combined application with oyster shell powder was better than that with lime;after the harvest of early and late rice,the available Cd content in soil applied with amendments decreased by 35.00%~65.88%and 30.93%~68.57%,respectively,compared with CK.Further analysis showed that the soil available Cd content and rice grain Cd content could fit the linear equation well(R2>0.70,P<0.05),which demonstrated that the combined application of organic fertilizers and alkaline amendments can quickly reduce the Cd content of rice grain by passivating soil available Cd,and the combined application between biochar and oyster shell powder had a better effect.
文摘Studies of critical concentration distribution features of polluted elements of Cd and As in main soil types of China, such as laterite, crimson soil, purplish soil, yellow brown soil, brunisolic soil, black soil, cinnamon soil and sierozem revealed that soil types vary in different zones, so do their critical concentrations.The critical concentration has a zonal differentiation with the distribution of soil types from south to north, and from east to west. The critical concentration of Cd increases from south to north (yellow brown soil,brunisolic soil and cinnamon soil),and from east to west (black soil and sierozem). This coincides With changes of climate zones and soil zones. On the contrary, the critical concentration of Asdecreases from south to north and from east to west.
基金Supported by Special Project of National Environmental Protection Public Interest Research,China(201109020)
文摘Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil contaminated by Cd among the world,but some methods are only suitable for the contaminated sites and indoor research,and can not be applied in large-range contaminated farmland. We analyze the source of Cd in farmland soil. By combining farmland＇s characteristics,three remediation techniques（ low-absorption crops plantation,soil solidification and phytoremediation） and their effects are analyzed,and the existing problems and research prospects of the above techniques are explored. The research could provide reference for restoring farmland soil contaminated by Cd in China,recovering its production function and enhancing food safety standards.
