Software test case optimization improves the efficiency of the software by proper structure and reduces the fault in the software.The existing research applies various optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithm,Cr...Software test case optimization improves the efficiency of the software by proper structure and reduces the fault in the software.The existing research applies various optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithm,Crow Search Algorithm,Ant Colony Optimization,etc.,for test case optimization.The existing methods have limitations of lower efficiency in fault diagnosis,higher computa-tional time,and high memory requirement.The existing methods have lower effi-ciency in software test case optimization when the number of test cases is high.This research proposes the Tournament Winner Genetic Algorithm(TW-GA)method to improve the efficiency of software test case optimization.Hospital Information System(HIS)software was used to evaluate TW-GA model perfor-mance in test case optimization.The tournament Winner in the proposed method selects the instances with the best fitness values and increases the exploitation of the search to find the optimal solution.The TW-GA method has higher exploita-tion that helps to find the mutant and equivalent mutation that significantly increases fault diagnosis in the software.The TW-GA method discards the infor-mation with a lower fitness value that reduces the computational time and mem-ory requirement.The TW-GA method requires 5.47 s and the MOCSFO method requires 30 s for software test case optimization.展开更多
Technical debt(TD)happens when project teams carry out technical decisions in favor of a short-term goal(s)in their projects,whether deliberately or unknowingly.TD must be properly managed to guarantee that its negati...Technical debt(TD)happens when project teams carry out technical decisions in favor of a short-term goal(s)in their projects,whether deliberately or unknowingly.TD must be properly managed to guarantee that its negative implications do not outweigh its advantages.A lot of research has been conducted to show that TD has evolved into a common problem with considerable financial burden.Test technical debt is the technical debt aspect of testing(or test debt).Test debt is a relatively new concept that has piqued the curiosity of the software industry in recent years.In this article,we assume that the organization selects the testing artifacts at the start of every sprint.Implementing the latest features in consideration of expected business value and repaying technical debt are among candidate tasks in terms of the testing process(test cases increments).To gain the maximum benefit for the organization in terms of software testing optimization,there is a need to select the artifacts(i.e.,test cases)with maximum feature coverage within the available resources.The management of testing optimization for large projects is complicated and can also be treated as a multi-objective problem that entails a trade-off between the agile software’s short-term and long-term value.In this article,we implement a multi-objective indicatorbased evolutionary algorithm(IBEA)for fixing such optimization issues.The capability of the algorithm is evidenced by adding it to a real case study of a university registration process.展开更多
According to the consequences of software failures, software faults remaining in safety-critical systems can be classified into two sets： common faults and fatal faults. Common faults cause slight loss when they are ...According to the consequences of software failures, software faults remaining in safety-critical systems can be classified into two sets： common faults and fatal faults. Common faults cause slight loss when they are activated. A fatal fault can lead to significant loss, and even damage the safety-crltical system entirely when it is activated. A software reliability growth model for safety-critical systems is developed based on G - 0 model. And a software cost model is proposed too. The cost model considers maintenance and risk costs due to software failures. The optimal release policies are discussed to minimize the total software cost. A numerical exampie is provided to illustrate how to use the results we obtained.展开更多
The increasing demand for mobile simulation tools has opened new possibilities in engineering applications,particularly in composite material modelling.This paper introduces original engineering software developed to ...The increasing demand for mobile simulation tools has opened new possibilities in engineering applications,particularly in composite material modelling.This paper introduces original engineering software developed to simulate composite materials on smartphones.The research explores the capabilities of mobile devices to perform simulations that are traditionally confined to desktop systems.Key challenges,such as computational limitations and the optimization of software architecture,now with integrated quantitative performance metrics such as computation time,accuracy,and memory efficiency,are addressed through the use of finite element analysis(FEA)and other advanced numerical methods.The software utilizes HTML-based coding for cross-platform accessibility,allowing engineers and researchers to conduct simulations anytime,anywhere.Strategies like parallel processing,cloud-assisted computation,and algorithmic optimization were implemented to enhance performance.The software’s real-time feedback and adaptive modelling provide accurate simulations of composite materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers.Furthermore,this paper reviews existing mobile-based simulation tools,highlighting their strengths and areas for improvement,while proposing novel solutions to increase efficiency,accuracy,and usability.The findings demonstrate that mobile devices,with optimized software,can successfully handle complex simulations,democratizing access to advanced engineering tools.展开更多
In this work,we make systematic optimizations of key encapsulation mechanisms based on Module Learning-with-Errors,covering algorithmic design,fundamental operation of the Number Theoretic Transform(NTT),approaches to...In this work,we make systematic optimizations of key encapsulation mechanisms based on Module Learning-with-Errors,covering algorithmic design,fundamental operation of the Number Theoretic Transform(NTT),approaches to expanding the encapsulated key size,and AVX2/ARM implementations.We observe that decryption can be simplified,leading to a both faster and less error-prone decryption process.Based on a systematic study of variants of NTT,we present a new variant named hybrid-NTT that combines the advantages of existing NTT methods,and derive its optimality in computational complexity.We analyze and compare the different approaches to expand the size of the key to be encapsulated and conclude with the most economic approach.Each above optimization technique is of independent value,and we apply all of them to KYBER and Aigis,resulting in new scheme variants named OSKR and OKAI,respectively.For all new schemes proposed in this work,we provide optimized AVX2 and ARM Cortex-M4 implementations and present the performance benchmarks.Our AVX2 implementation provides up to 19.7%and 26.4%speedups compared with KYBER and Aigis,respectively.Meanwhile,with our new parameter set and optimization techniques,we show up to a 17%improvement compared with KYBER on the ARM Cortex-M4 platform.展开更多
Since 2016,the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)has been performing a competition to standardize post-quantum cryptography(PQC).Although Falcon has been selected in the competition as one of the sta...Since 2016,the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)has been performing a competition to standardize post-quantum cryptography(PQC).Although Falcon has been selected in the competition as one of the standard PQC algorithms because of its advantages in short key and signature sizes,its performance overhead is larger than that of other lattice-based cryptosystems.This study presents multiple methodologies to accelerate the performance of Falcon using graphics processing units(GPUs)for server-side use.Direct GPU porting significantly degrades performance because the Falcon reference codes require recursive functions in its sampling process.Thus,an iterative sampling approach for efficient parallel processing is presented.In this study,the Falcon software applied a fine-grained execution model and reported the optimal number of threads in a thread block.Moreover,the polynomial multiplication performance was optimized by parallelizing the number-theoretic transform(NTT)-based polynomial multiplication and the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-based multiplication.Furthermore,dummy-based parallel execution methods have been introduced to handle the thread divergence effects.The presented Falcon software on RTX 3090 NVIDA GPU based on the proposed methods with Falcon-512 and Falcon-1024 parameters outperform at 35.14,28.84,and 34.64 times and 33.31,27.45,and 34.40 times,respectively,better than the central processing unit(CPU)reference implementation using Advanced Vector Extensions 2(AVX2)instructions on a Ryzen 95900X running at 3.7 GHz in key generation,signing,and verification,respectively.Therefore,the proposed Falcon software can be used in servers managing multiple concurrent clients for efficient certificate verification and be used as an outsourced key generation and signature generation server for Signature as a Service(SaS).展开更多
Image processing is becoming more popular because images are being used increasingly in medical diagnosis,biometric monitoring,and character recognition.But these images are frequently contaminated with noise,which ca...Image processing is becoming more popular because images are being used increasingly in medical diagnosis,biometric monitoring,and character recognition.But these images are frequently contaminated with noise,which can corrupt subsequent image processing stages.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a novel nonlinear filter for removing“salt and pepper”impulsive noise from a complex color image.The new filter is called the Modified Vector Directional Filter(MVDF).The suggested method is based on the traditional Vector Directional Filter(VDF).However,before the candidate pixel is processed by the VDF,theMVDF employs a threshold and the neighboring pixels of the candidate pixel in a 3×3 filter window to determine whether it is noise-corrupted or noise-free.Several reference color images corrupted by impulsive noise with intensities ranging from 3%to 20%are used to assess theMVDF’s effectiveness.The results of the experiments show that theMVDF is better than the VDF and the Generalized VDF(GVDF)in terms of the PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio),NCD(Normalized Color Difference),and execution time for the denoised image.In fact,the PSNR is increased by 6.554%and 12.624%,the NCD is decreased by 20.273%and 44.147%,and the execution time is reduced by approximately a factor of 3 for the MVDF relative to the VDF and GVDF,respectively.These results prove the efficiency of the proposed filter.Furthermore,a hardware design is proposed for the MVDF using the High-Level Synthesis(HLS)flow in order to increase its performance.This design,which is implemented on the Xilinx ZynqXCZU9EG Field-ProgrammableGate Array(FPGA),allows the restoration of a 256×256-pixel image in 2 milliseconds(ms)only.展开更多
文摘Software test case optimization improves the efficiency of the software by proper structure and reduces the fault in the software.The existing research applies various optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithm,Crow Search Algorithm,Ant Colony Optimization,etc.,for test case optimization.The existing methods have limitations of lower efficiency in fault diagnosis,higher computa-tional time,and high memory requirement.The existing methods have lower effi-ciency in software test case optimization when the number of test cases is high.This research proposes the Tournament Winner Genetic Algorithm(TW-GA)method to improve the efficiency of software test case optimization.Hospital Information System(HIS)software was used to evaluate TW-GA model perfor-mance in test case optimization.The tournament Winner in the proposed method selects the instances with the best fitness values and increases the exploitation of the search to find the optimal solution.The TW-GA method has higher exploita-tion that helps to find the mutant and equivalent mutation that significantly increases fault diagnosis in the software.The TW-GA method discards the infor-mation with a lower fitness value that reduces the computational time and mem-ory requirement.The TW-GA method requires 5.47 s and the MOCSFO method requires 30 s for software test case optimization.
基金The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQUyouracademicnumberDSRxx).
文摘Technical debt(TD)happens when project teams carry out technical decisions in favor of a short-term goal(s)in their projects,whether deliberately or unknowingly.TD must be properly managed to guarantee that its negative implications do not outweigh its advantages.A lot of research has been conducted to show that TD has evolved into a common problem with considerable financial burden.Test technical debt is the technical debt aspect of testing(or test debt).Test debt is a relatively new concept that has piqued the curiosity of the software industry in recent years.In this article,we assume that the organization selects the testing artifacts at the start of every sprint.Implementing the latest features in consideration of expected business value and repaying technical debt are among candidate tasks in terms of the testing process(test cases increments).To gain the maximum benefit for the organization in terms of software testing optimization,there is a need to select the artifacts(i.e.,test cases)with maximum feature coverage within the available resources.The management of testing optimization for large projects is complicated and can also be treated as a multi-objective problem that entails a trade-off between the agile software’s short-term and long-term value.In this article,we implement a multi-objective indicatorbased evolutionary algorithm(IBEA)for fixing such optimization issues.The capability of the algorithm is evidenced by adding it to a real case study of a university registration process.
基金Sponsored by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20020213017).
文摘According to the consequences of software failures, software faults remaining in safety-critical systems can be classified into two sets： common faults and fatal faults. Common faults cause slight loss when they are activated. A fatal fault can lead to significant loss, and even damage the safety-crltical system entirely when it is activated. A software reliability growth model for safety-critical systems is developed based on G - 0 model. And a software cost model is proposed too. The cost model considers maintenance and risk costs due to software failures. The optimal release policies are discussed to minimize the total software cost. A numerical exampie is provided to illustrate how to use the results we obtained.
文摘The increasing demand for mobile simulation tools has opened new possibilities in engineering applications,particularly in composite material modelling.This paper introduces original engineering software developed to simulate composite materials on smartphones.The research explores the capabilities of mobile devices to perform simulations that are traditionally confined to desktop systems.Key challenges,such as computational limitations and the optimization of software architecture,now with integrated quantitative performance metrics such as computation time,accuracy,and memory efficiency,are addressed through the use of finite element analysis(FEA)and other advanced numerical methods.The software utilizes HTML-based coding for cross-platform accessibility,allowing engineers and researchers to conduct simulations anytime,anywhere.Strategies like parallel processing,cloud-assisted computation,and algorithmic optimization were implemented to enhance performance.The software’s real-time feedback and adaptive modelling provide accurate simulations of composite materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers.Furthermore,this paper reviews existing mobile-based simulation tools,highlighting their strengths and areas for improvement,while proposing novel solutions to increase efficiency,accuracy,and usability.The findings demonstrate that mobile devices,with optimized software,can successfully handle complex simulations,democratizing access to advanced engineering tools.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB2701600the General Project of the State Key Laboratory of Cryptography under Grant No.MMKFKT202227+1 种基金the Technical Standard Project of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Committee under Grant No.21DZ2200500the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Fund under Grant No.XTCX-KJ-2023-54.
文摘In this work,we make systematic optimizations of key encapsulation mechanisms based on Module Learning-with-Errors,covering algorithmic design,fundamental operation of the Number Theoretic Transform(NTT),approaches to expanding the encapsulated key size,and AVX2/ARM implementations.We observe that decryption can be simplified,leading to a both faster and less error-prone decryption process.Based on a systematic study of variants of NTT,we present a new variant named hybrid-NTT that combines the advantages of existing NTT methods,and derive its optimality in computational complexity.We analyze and compare the different approaches to expand the size of the key to be encapsulated and conclude with the most economic approach.Each above optimization technique is of independent value,and we apply all of them to KYBER and Aigis,resulting in new scheme variants named OSKR and OKAI,respectively.For all new schemes proposed in this work,we provide optimized AVX2 and ARM Cortex-M4 implementations and present the performance benchmarks.Our AVX2 implementation provides up to 19.7%and 26.4%speedups compared with KYBER and Aigis,respectively.Meanwhile,with our new parameter set and optimization techniques,we show up to a 17%improvement compared with KYBER on the ARM Cortex-M4 platform.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2022R1C1C1013368)This was partly supported in part by Korea University Grant and in part by the Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation (IITP)Grant through the Korean Government[Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)]Development of Physical Channel Vulnerability-Based Attacks and its Countermeasures for Reliable On-Device Deep Learning Accelerator Design,under Grant 2021-0-00903.
文摘Since 2016,the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)has been performing a competition to standardize post-quantum cryptography(PQC).Although Falcon has been selected in the competition as one of the standard PQC algorithms because of its advantages in short key and signature sizes,its performance overhead is larger than that of other lattice-based cryptosystems.This study presents multiple methodologies to accelerate the performance of Falcon using graphics processing units(GPUs)for server-side use.Direct GPU porting significantly degrades performance because the Falcon reference codes require recursive functions in its sampling process.Thus,an iterative sampling approach for efficient parallel processing is presented.In this study,the Falcon software applied a fine-grained execution model and reported the optimal number of threads in a thread block.Moreover,the polynomial multiplication performance was optimized by parallelizing the number-theoretic transform(NTT)-based polynomial multiplication and the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-based multiplication.Furthermore,dummy-based parallel execution methods have been introduced to handle the thread divergence effects.The presented Falcon software on RTX 3090 NVIDA GPU based on the proposed methods with Falcon-512 and Falcon-1024 parameters outperform at 35.14,28.84,and 34.64 times and 33.31,27.45,and 34.40 times,respectively,better than the central processing unit(CPU)reference implementation using Advanced Vector Extensions 2(AVX2)instructions on a Ryzen 95900X running at 3.7 GHz in key generation,signing,and verification,respectively.Therefore,the proposed Falcon software can be used in servers managing multiple concurrent clients for efficient certificate verification and be used as an outsourced key generation and signature generation server for Signature as a Service(SaS).
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)under Grant No.DSR-2021-02-0393.
文摘Image processing is becoming more popular because images are being used increasingly in medical diagnosis,biometric monitoring,and character recognition.But these images are frequently contaminated with noise,which can corrupt subsequent image processing stages.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a novel nonlinear filter for removing“salt and pepper”impulsive noise from a complex color image.The new filter is called the Modified Vector Directional Filter(MVDF).The suggested method is based on the traditional Vector Directional Filter(VDF).However,before the candidate pixel is processed by the VDF,theMVDF employs a threshold and the neighboring pixels of the candidate pixel in a 3×3 filter window to determine whether it is noise-corrupted or noise-free.Several reference color images corrupted by impulsive noise with intensities ranging from 3%to 20%are used to assess theMVDF’s effectiveness.The results of the experiments show that theMVDF is better than the VDF and the Generalized VDF(GVDF)in terms of the PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio),NCD(Normalized Color Difference),and execution time for the denoised image.In fact,the PSNR is increased by 6.554%and 12.624%,the NCD is decreased by 20.273%and 44.147%,and the execution time is reduced by approximately a factor of 3 for the MVDF relative to the VDF and GVDF,respectively.These results prove the efficiency of the proposed filter.Furthermore,a hardware design is proposed for the MVDF using the High-Level Synthesis(HLS)flow in order to increase its performance.This design,which is implemented on the Xilinx ZynqXCZU9EG Field-ProgrammableGate Array(FPGA),allows the restoration of a 256×256-pixel image in 2 milliseconds(ms)only.
