A number of rockburst accidents occurring in soft coal seams have shown that the rockburst mechanism involved in soft coal seams is significantly different from that involved in hard coal seams. Therefore, the method ...A number of rockburst accidents occurring in soft coal seams have shown that the rockburst mechanism involved in soft coal seams is significantly different from that involved in hard coal seams. Therefore, the method used to evaluate rockburst in hard coal seams is not applicable to soft coal seams. This paper established an energy integral model for the rockburst-inducing area and a friction work calculation model for the plastic area. If the remaining energy after the coal seam is broken in the rockburstinducing area is greater than the friction work required for the coal to burst out, then a rockburst accident will occur. Mechanisms of ‘‘quaking without bursting" and ‘‘quaking and bursting" are clarified for soft coal seams and corresponding control measures are proposed as the optimization of roadway layouts and use of ‘‘three strong systems"(strong de-stressing, strong supporting, and strong monitoring).展开更多
As the excavation of roadway, new fractures will be formed and the pre-existing fractures extend with the redistribution of stress in surrounding rocks. Eventually, fracture zone and bed separation are formed in rocks...As the excavation of roadway, new fractures will be formed and the pre-existing fractures extend with the redistribution of stress in surrounding rocks. Eventually, fracture zone and bed separation are formed in rocks because of the developed fractures. Therefore, mastering the fracture evolution of surrounding rocks is very important to maintain the stability of roadway. The surrounding rocks of main haulage road- way in a certain coal mine is so broken and loose that the supporting is very difficult. Based on compre- hensive anal[ysis of the engineering geological conditions, a sight instrument was used to observe the fractures of internal surrounding rocks, Four indices, i.e., the width of fracture zone W, the number of fractures n, the width of fractures d and rock fracture designation RFD, are put forward to evaluate the fracture dewelopment. According to the evolution rules of the soft rock roadway from this paper, control principles by stages and by regions are presented through the research. At the same time, the best time of grouting reinforcement is determined on the basis of fracture saturation. Field practice shows that the roadway can satisfy normal production during service periods by suitable first support and grouting reinforcement.展开更多
Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological enviro...Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological environments.The post-construction settlement of soft soil foundations are especially large and difficult to calculate.In addition,there are many deficiencies in the current methods used for engineering geological zoning.Focusing on the need of establishing engineering geological zoning for areas with soft soil foundations in the Tianjin Marine Economic Area,combination weighting and extension methods were introduced.An evaluation model for the settlement of soft soil foundations was established using multiple factors and large amounts of data.This evaluation model is accurate and objective for delineating engineering geological zoning.These methods eliminate deficiencies by considering both objective and subjective factors,and help obtain an objective and accurate result.展开更多
This paper focuses on the formation mechanism of fractures induced by excavation of a gallery in soft sedimentary rocks in the Horonobe area of Japan. Detailed fracture mapping of the gallery indicates that the fractu...This paper focuses on the formation mechanism of fractures induced by excavation of a gallery in soft sedimentary rocks in the Horonobe area of Japan. Detailed fracture mapping of the gallery indicates that the fractures consist of both pre-existing shear fractures and excavation damaged zone （EDZ） fractures. EDZ fractures correspond to weak planes associated with bedding planes or transgranular cracks. The EDZ fractures terminate against pre-existing shear fractures. Therefore, even for excavations in soft sedimentary rocks, formation of the EDZ fractures are controlled by pre-existing fractures and earlier weak planes.展开更多
笔者对香山–天景山断裂带东南段——庙山断褶带–清水河盆地中部地区的软沉积变形构造进行系统分析,填补了该断裂东南段活动构造及古地震历史研究的空白,为区域地震危险性评价提供了新证据。通过对清水河盆地中部河湖相沉积及盆地边缘...笔者对香山–天景山断裂带东南段——庙山断褶带–清水河盆地中部地区的软沉积变形构造进行系统分析,填补了该断裂东南段活动构造及古地震历史研究的空白,为区域地震危险性评价提供了新证据。通过对清水河盆地中部河湖相沉积及盆地边缘黄土沉积中软沉积变形构造的详细刻画和年代学约束,发现盆地中部广泛发育的软沉积变形构造主要包括假断层、滑塌构造、荷载构造、火焰状构造、变形层理、碎屑岩脉及张裂脉等,其形成时限约为11270±1100 a B.P.~7728±36 a B.P.。大多数变形构造多与假断层共生,形成具有定向特征的特定变形组合,并与盆地边缘黄土沉积中的张裂脉体层位相当,形成时代一致,呈现显著的地震触发特征,可能是对香山–天景山断裂带左旋走滑尾端效应的地表响应。研究揭示了庙山断褶带在全新世早期的显著地震活动,推测震中位于庙山断褶带中部地区,震级约为6.5≤M<7.3。本研究可为黄土覆盖区的活动构造研究、古地震历史重建及地震危险性评估提供重要的参考依据。展开更多
基金Financial supports for this work by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (No.210CB226800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51274022 and 51174016)
文摘A number of rockburst accidents occurring in soft coal seams have shown that the rockburst mechanism involved in soft coal seams is significantly different from that involved in hard coal seams. Therefore, the method used to evaluate rockburst in hard coal seams is not applicable to soft coal seams. This paper established an energy integral model for the rockburst-inducing area and a friction work calculation model for the plastic area. If the remaining energy after the coal seam is broken in the rockburstinducing area is greater than the friction work required for the coal to burst out, then a rockburst accident will occur. Mechanisms of ‘‘quaking without bursting" and ‘‘quaking and bursting" are clarified for soft coal seams and corresponding control measures are proposed as the optimization of roadway layouts and use of ‘‘three strong systems"(strong de-stressing, strong supporting, and strong monitoring).
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50974118)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-09-0727)+1 种基金the Program for Post graduates Research Innovation in Universities of Jiangsu Province (No. CX10B_149Z)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety (No.SKLCRSM08X04)
文摘As the excavation of roadway, new fractures will be formed and the pre-existing fractures extend with the redistribution of stress in surrounding rocks. Eventually, fracture zone and bed separation are formed in rocks because of the developed fractures. Therefore, mastering the fracture evolution of surrounding rocks is very important to maintain the stability of roadway. The surrounding rocks of main haulage road- way in a certain coal mine is so broken and loose that the supporting is very difficult. Based on compre- hensive anal[ysis of the engineering geological conditions, a sight instrument was used to observe the fractures of internal surrounding rocks, Four indices, i.e., the width of fracture zone W, the number of fractures n, the width of fractures d and rock fracture designation RFD, are put forward to evaluate the fracture dewelopment. According to the evolution rules of the soft rock roadway from this paper, control principles by stages and by regions are presented through the research. At the same time, the best time of grouting reinforcement is determined on the basis of fracture saturation. Field practice shows that the roadway can satisfy normal production during service periods by suitable first support and grouting reinforcement.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.41172236,41402243)
文摘Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological environments.The post-construction settlement of soft soil foundations are especially large and difficult to calculate.In addition,there are many deficiencies in the current methods used for engineering geological zoning.Focusing on the need of establishing engineering geological zoning for areas with soft soil foundations in the Tianjin Marine Economic Area,combination weighting and extension methods were introduced.An evaluation model for the settlement of soft soil foundations was established using multiple factors and large amounts of data.This evaluation model is accurate and objective for delineating engineering geological zoning.These methods eliminate deficiencies by considering both objective and subjective factors,and help obtain an objective and accurate result.
文摘This paper focuses on the formation mechanism of fractures induced by excavation of a gallery in soft sedimentary rocks in the Horonobe area of Japan. Detailed fracture mapping of the gallery indicates that the fractures consist of both pre-existing shear fractures and excavation damaged zone （EDZ） fractures. EDZ fractures correspond to weak planes associated with bedding planes or transgranular cracks. The EDZ fractures terminate against pre-existing shear fractures. Therefore, even for excavations in soft sedimentary rocks, formation of the EDZ fractures are controlled by pre-existing fractures and earlier weak planes.
文摘笔者对香山–天景山断裂带东南段——庙山断褶带–清水河盆地中部地区的软沉积变形构造进行系统分析,填补了该断裂东南段活动构造及古地震历史研究的空白,为区域地震危险性评价提供了新证据。通过对清水河盆地中部河湖相沉积及盆地边缘黄土沉积中软沉积变形构造的详细刻画和年代学约束,发现盆地中部广泛发育的软沉积变形构造主要包括假断层、滑塌构造、荷载构造、火焰状构造、变形层理、碎屑岩脉及张裂脉等,其形成时限约为11270±1100 a B.P.~7728±36 a B.P.。大多数变形构造多与假断层共生,形成具有定向特征的特定变形组合,并与盆地边缘黄土沉积中的张裂脉体层位相当,形成时代一致,呈现显著的地震触发特征,可能是对香山–天景山断裂带左旋走滑尾端效应的地表响应。研究揭示了庙山断褶带在全新世早期的显著地震活动,推测震中位于庙山断褶带中部地区,震级约为6.5≤M<7.3。本研究可为黄土覆盖区的活动构造研究、古地震历史重建及地震危险性评估提供重要的参考依据。
