BACKGROUND Alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS)is an extremely rare malignant sarcoma,accounting for less than 1%of all soft-tissue sarcomas.However,limited information is available on multimodal imaging[computed tomograp...BACKGROUND Alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS)is an extremely rare malignant sarcoma,accounting for less than 1%of all soft-tissue sarcomas.However,limited information is available on multimodal imaging[computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)]of ASPS.CASE SUMMARY This study reports a case of a 35-year-old female patient with ASPS of the left thigh with lung metastasis.The patient presented with a 1-year history of a palpable mass in the lower extremity,which exhibited rapid growth for 3 wk.CT,MRI,and F-deoxyglucose PET/CT examinations were performed.CT showed a slightly hypodense or isodense mass with patchy calcifications.On MRI examination,the mass manifested hyperintensity on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images with some signal voids.PET/CT images demonstrated an intensely hypermetabolic mass in the left thigh and hypermetabolic nodules in lungs.CONCLUSION ASPS should be considered as a possible diagnosis when a slow-growing mass is detected in the soft tissue of the extremities,with hyperintensity and numerous signal voids on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images and intense F-deoxyglucose uptake on PET/CT.ASPS can have calcifications on CT.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging features of alveolar soft part sarcoma （ASPS）. Methods The imaging features of 11 cases with ASPS were retrospectively analyzed. Results ASPS mainly exhibit...Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging features of alveolar soft part sarcoma （ASPS）. Methods The imaging features of 11 cases with ASPS were retrospectively analyzed. Results ASPS mainly exhibited an isointense or slightly high signal intensity on Tl-weighted imaging （TlWl）, and a mixed high signal on T2-weighted imaging （T2Wl）. ASPS was partial, with rich tortuous flow voids, or ＂line-like＂ low signal septa. The essence of the mass was heterogeneous enhancement. The 1 H- MRS showed a slight choline peak at 3.2 ppm. Conclusion The well-circumscribed mass and blood voids, combined with ＂line-like＂ low signals play a significant role in diagnosis. The choline peak and the other signs may be auxiliary diagnoses.展开更多
Nano-particle capture is a key process in filtration, separation, and biomedical applications. Here we explored the mechanisms of soft particle capture using nanofiber networks. We identified possible states of the ca...Nano-particle capture is a key process in filtration, separation, and biomedical applications. Here we explored the mechanisms of soft particle capture using nanofiber networks. We identified possible states of the capture process, which are defined by their structural and material parameters. By performing numerical analysis, we provided a phase diagram in the parametric space of the network structure and interracial adhesion. The work provides a conceptual model for rational design of synthetic materials in related applications that focus on the protection against or removal of virus, as well as other soft particles.展开更多
Alveolar soft part sarcoma（ASPS）of the orbit is exceedingly rare and little is known regarding its radiologic features.Here,we reviewed the CT and MRI findings of one case of ASPS of the orbit with emphasis on its s...Alveolar soft part sarcoma（ASPS）of the orbit is exceedingly rare and little is known regarding its radiologic features.Here,we reviewed the CT and MRI findings of one case of ASPS of the orbit with emphasis on its salient imaging features.展开更多
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon, aggressive soft-tissue neoplasm, occurring in less than 1% of sarcomas. It is typically found in the head and neck tissues in children or in the deep soft tissues of t...Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon, aggressive soft-tissue neoplasm, occurring in less than 1% of sarcomas. It is typically found in the head and neck tissues in children or in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities in young adults. This tumor arises primarily within the skeletal muscles or musculofascial planes. Primary involvement of bone is extremely rare. ASPS has poor prognosis with a propensity for recurrence as well as distant metastasis. In this report, we present a 25-year-old male with primary ASPS in the left scapular bone and discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of this sarcoma.展开更多
Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix ...Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix interactions, we present a mechanics model describing the energy functional of planar magnetic composites. Through the Fourier series, the analytical solutions for stress distribution and interfacial peeling length of a single particle-polymer unit are derived with the Rayleigh-Ritz method under uniaxial tension. The calculated results of stress fields without the magnetic field agree well with those of the finite element method. The effects of external magnetic field strength and particle content on the stress distribution and peeling length are fully explored, and the enhanced analytical outcomes are obtained through numerical prediction.These insights can be used to validate the reliability of engineering designs, including adaptive structures, micro-electro-mechanical sensors, and soft robotic systems.展开更多
Soft magnetic composites made from metallic magnetic particles with an easy magnetization plane(referred to as easy-plane metallic soft magnetic composites(SMC))are considered ideal materials for the next generation o...Soft magnetic composites made from metallic magnetic particles with an easy magnetization plane(referred to as easy-plane metallic soft magnetic composites(SMC))are considered ideal materials for the next generation of power electronic devices.This advantage is attributed to their ability to maintain high permeability at elevated frequencies.Despite these advantages,a definitive mathematical model that connects the high-frequency magnetic properties(e.g.,effective permeability)of easy-plane metallic SMCs to the intrinsic properties of the particles is still lacking.In this work,a theoretical calculation model for the effective permeability of easy-plane metallic SMCs was formulated.This model was derived from a skin effect-corrected Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation and integrated with effective medium theory incorporating inter-particle interaction.To validate the model,we prepared samples of easy-plane Y_(2)Co_(17)particle/PU SMCs with varying particle sizes and volume fractions.The experimental results showed a strong agreement with the calculated values.This research offers critical theoretical backing for the design and optimization of soft magnetic materials intended for high-frequency applications.展开更多
Conductive elastomers combining micromechanical sensitivity,lightweight adaptability,and environmental sustainability are critically needed for advanced flexible electronics requiring precise responsiveness and long-t...Conductive elastomers combining micromechanical sensitivity,lightweight adaptability,and environmental sustainability are critically needed for advanced flexible electronics requiring precise responsiveness and long-term wearability;however,the integration of these properties remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a biomass-derived conductive elastomer featuring a rationally engineered dynamic crosslinked network integrated with a tunable microporous architecture.This structural design imparts pronounced micromechanical sensitivity,an ultralow density(~0.25 g cm^(−3)),and superior mechanical compliance for adaptive deformation.Moreover,the unique micro-spring effect derived from the porous architecture ensures exceptional stretchability(>500%elongation at break)and superior resilience,delivering immediate and stable electrical response under both subtle(<1%)and large(>200%)mechanical stimuli.Intrinsic dynamic interactions endow the elastomer with efficient room temperature self-healing and complete recyclability without compromising performance.First-principles simulations clarify the mechanisms behind micropore formation and the resulting functionality.Beyond its facile and mild fabrication process,this work establishes a scalable route toward high-performance,sustainable conductive elastomers tailored for next-generation soft electronics.展开更多
Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stabi...Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.展开更多
The motion and deformation of soft particles are commonly encountered and important in many appli-cations.A discrete element-embedded finite element model(DEFEM)is proposed to solve soft particle motion and deformatio...The motion and deformation of soft particles are commonly encountered and important in many appli-cations.A discrete element-embedded finite element model(DEFEM)is proposed to solve soft particle motion and deformation,which combines discrete element and finite element methods.The collisional surface of soft particles is covered by several dynamical embedded discrete elements(EDEs)to model the collisional external forces of the particles.The particle deformation,motion,and rotation are inde-pendent of each other in the DEFEM.The deformation and internal forces are simulated using the finite element model,whereas the particle rotation and motion calculations are based on the discrete element model.By inheriting the advantages of existing coupling methods,the contact force and contact search between soft particles are improved with the aid of the EDE.Soft particle packing is simulated using the DEFEM for two cases:particle accumulation along a rectangular straight wall and a wall with an inclined angle.The large particle deformation in the lower layers can be simulated using current meth-ods,where the deformed particle shape is either irregular in the marginal region or nearly hexagonal in the tightly packed central region.This method can also be used to simulate the deformation,motion,and heat transfer of non-spherical soft particles.展开更多
近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(So...近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(Soft Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient,Soft-DDPG)算法驱动的综合能源系统优化调度方法,以最小化调度周期内系统总运行成本为目标,建立设备运行综合能效评估模型,再采用Soft-DDPG算法对每个能源设备的能效调度动作进行优化控制.Soft-DDPG算法将softmax算子引入到动作值函数的计算中,有效降低了Q值高估问题.与此同时,该算法在动作选择策略中加入了随机噪声,提高了算法的学习效率.实验结果显示,本文所提出的方法解决了综合能源系统能效调度实时性差、精准度低的瓶颈问题,实现了系统的高效灵活调度,降低了系统的总运行成本.展开更多
Background Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor （PHAT） of soft parts is a rare soft tissue tumor, which is generally considered low-grade. To distinguish the tumor from other soft tissue lesions, we analyzed th...Background Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor （PHAT） of soft parts is a rare soft tissue tumor, which is generally considered low-grade. To distinguish the tumor from other soft tissue lesions, we analyzed the clinicopathologic and ultrastructural features, immunophenotypes, and flow cytometric DNA ploidy of PHAT in 9 cases. Methods PHAT specimens were collected from 9 patients with PHAT from 1990 to 2004. Each specimen was cut into pieces and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, Prussian blue, and Masson trichrome, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains for vimentin, S-100 protein, CD34, CD31, CD99, VEGF, desmin, CDl17, α-SMA, and MIB-1 were performed with the Envision system. Flow cytometry was used in four specimens, two of which were observed by electron microscopy. Results In the 9 cases, the PHAT occurred at the lower extremity in 2 patients, inguinal in 2, waist in 1, forearm in 1, buttock in 1, foot in 1, and the chest wall in 1. All the lesions presented in the superficial subcutaneous tissues. Follow-up data were available in 7 of the patients, among whom 2 （28.6%） had recurrence after primary therapy. Microscopically, typical PHAT was characterized by sheet-like proliferation of spindle or pleomorphic cells and clusters of thin-walled hyalinized cstatic vessels. In some areas of the tumor, hemosiderin-laden spindle cells, numerous small single vessels, and myxoid extracellular matrix could be identified, indicating an ＂atypical PHAT＂. Mitotic figures were rare in all the cases In 5 of the 9 patients （55.6%）, the tumor was typical PHAT; and in the other 4 （44.4%）, typical and atypical PHAT coexisted. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, CD34, CD99, and VEGF, but negative for S-100 protein, desmin, SMA, and CD31. In all the cases, the MIB-1 proliferative activity of the neoplastic cells was lower than 2%. Ultrastructural analysis did not reveal any evidence of specific differentiation. Aneuploidy was not detected by flow cytometry. Conclusions Histologically, typical PHAT is characterized by spindle and pleomorphic cells associated with an angiectatic vasculature. The neoplastic cells often express vimentin and CD34, and may be positive for CD99 and VEGF. Ultrastructurally, the tumor usually has no specific differentiation. The low MIB-1 index and the absence of aneuploidy in PHAT indicate a non-malignancy. However, we consider the tumor as a borderline neoplasm because of its aggressive behaviour, and suggest wide local resection with tumor-free margin for the treatment of the disease.展开更多
Local learning based soft sensing methods succeed in coping with time-varying characteristics of processes as well as nonlinearities in industrial plants. In this paper, a local partial least squares based soft sensin...Local learning based soft sensing methods succeed in coping with time-varying characteristics of processes as well as nonlinearities in industrial plants. In this paper, a local partial least squares based soft sensing method for multi-output processes is proposed to accomplish process states division and local model adaptation,which are two key steps in development of local learning based soft sensors. An adaptive way of partitioning process states without redundancy is proposed based on F-test, where unique local time regions are extracted.Subsequently, a novel anti-over-fitting criterion is proposed for online local model adaptation which simultaneously considers the relationship between process variables and the information in labeled and unlabeled samples. Case study is carried out on two chemical processes and simulation results illustrate the superiorities of the proposed method from several aspects.展开更多
Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existi...Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model,ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern.To compensate for these mismatches,this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter(MGHPF),which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions.Specifically,the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate,fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy.Then,the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation,and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate.Simultaneously,the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood.Besides,an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees.Simulated and measured results show good agreement;compared with the stateof-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter(MMRBPF),the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7%and significantly reduces the computational load.展开更多
FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequ...FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequency and high efficiency. Firstly, twice-balling adhesive precursor method was used to obtain FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy agglomerate powders. Then agglomerate powders with the mesh number of 150-240, 240-325 and 325-400 were sprayed through the flame field into the quenching water. At last, FeSiAl MSAHMs with coarse(average at 86.97 μm), medium(average at 52.16 μm) and fine particles(average at 31.80 μm) were got. Effect of particle size on the phases and microwave absorption properties in low frequency band was studied by XRD and vector network analyzer. The results show that,Fe_3 Si_(0.7)Al_(0.3) and Fe_3 Si_(0.5)Al_(0.5) appear in the phase components of FeSiAl MSAHMs,which is important to improve the microwave absorption properties in low frequency. In addition, the real part(ε′) and imaginary part(ε″) of complex permittivity, the real part(μ′) and imaginary part(μ″) of complex permeability of FeSiAl MSAHMs all present the trend of fine particles > medium particles > coarse particles. The microwave absorption properties in low frequency are improved with the increasing of particle size, and the absorption peak moves to lower frequency range. The properties of fine particles are the best. Their matching thickness of samples is at 5 mm, and the minimum reflectivity is-43 dB at this thickness. The absorption frequency band lower than-10 dB is 4.6-7.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 3 GHz.展开更多
Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue ...Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue sealing around the implant,enhance osseointegration,and improve implant success rates,this paper proposes a composite multifunctional coating(PHG)prepared using gelatin and polydopamine/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,investigates the effects of this novel coating on cell adhesion,proliferation,antibacterial activity,osteogenic differentiation,and evaluates its immune-related properties.The PHG coating was proved to have satisfactory hydrophilicity and wettability for cell attachment.Furthermore,it improved the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins in human gingival fibroblasts,indicating its adhesion-promoting effect.Additionally,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited strong osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization on PHG-coated surfaces.Notably,the PHG coating exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans,as well as anti-inflammatory effects,potentially via the regulation of macrophages.Therefore,the proposed PHG coating may promote soft tissue sealing and bone bonding,providing a potential strategy for the surface modification of dental implants.展开更多
This paper studies the particle time derivatives of the characteristic geometric quantities on soft curved surfaces in Lagrangian description.On the basis of differential geometry, the calculation formulas for the par...This paper studies the particle time derivatives of the characteristic geometric quantities on soft curved surfaces in Lagrangian description.On the basis of differential geometry, the calculation formulas for the particle time derivatives of the base vectors,metric tensor, Christoffel symbol,unit normal vector,curvature tensor and scalar curvatures on soft curved surface are derived.The limitations of particle time derivatives,e.g.the non-covariance,are pointed out.This research paves the way for studying particle time derivative of any tensor field on soft curved surface.展开更多
The influence of the magnetization of a soft magnetic sphere on the surrounding magnetic field is measured and characterized.The interaction force between two soft magnetic particles is directly measured using an ultr...The influence of the magnetization of a soft magnetic sphere on the surrounding magnetic field is measured and characterized.The interaction force between two soft magnetic particles is directly measured using an ultra precision load sensor in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. The interaction force largely follows an inverse fourth power law as a function of separation distance between particle centers. At small distances,the effect of magnetization of one particle on the magnetization of its adjacent particle causes the attractive（repulsive） force to be larger（smaller） than that predicted by the inverse fourth power law.The theoretical prediction based on a modified dipole model,that takes into account the coupling effect of the magnetization among soft magnetic particles,gives excellent agreement with the measured force in a uniform magnetic field.The interaction force under a non-uniform applied magnetic field can be reasonably predicted using the dipole-dipole interaction model when the local magnetic field is used to determine the magnetization.展开更多
Considering high temperature and high salinity in the reservoirs, a dispersed particle gel soft heterogeneous compound(SHC) flooding system was prepared to improve the micro-profile control and displacement efficiency...Considering high temperature and high salinity in the reservoirs, a dispersed particle gel soft heterogeneous compound(SHC) flooding system was prepared to improve the micro-profile control and displacement efficiency. The characteristics and displacement mechanisms of the system were investigated via core flow tests and visual simulation experiments. The SHC flooding system composed of DPG particles and surfactants was suitable for the reservoirs with the temperature of 80-110 °C and the salinity of 1×10~4-10×10~4 mg/L. The system presented good characteristics: low viscosity, weak negatively charged, temperature and salinity resistance, particles aggregation capacity, wettability alteration on oil wet surface, wettability weaken on water wet surface, and interfacial tension(IFT) still less than 1×10^(-1) mN/m after aging at high temperature. The SHC flooding system achieved the micro-profile control by entering formations deeply and the better performance was found in the formation with the higher permeability difference existing between the layers, which suggested that the flooding system was superior to the surfactants, DPG particles, and polymer/surfactant compound flooding systems. The system could effectively enhance the micro-profile control in porous media through four behaviors, including direct plugging, bridging, adsorption, and retention. Moreover, the surfactant in the system magnified the deep migration capability and oil displacement capacity of the SHC flooding system, and the impact was strengthened through the mechanisms of improved displacement capacity, synergistic emulsification, enhanced wettability alteration ability and coalescence of oil belts. The synergistic effect of the two components of SHC flooding system improved oil displacement efficiency and subsequently enhanced oil recovery.展开更多
降维对于数据的可视化和预处理具有重要意义,主成分分析作为最常用的无监督降维算法之一,在实际应用中面临着对噪声和离群点敏感的问题。为了解决这个问题,研究者们提出了多种鲁棒主成分分析算法,通过减小整体样本的重构误差来减小离群...降维对于数据的可视化和预处理具有重要意义,主成分分析作为最常用的无监督降维算法之一,在实际应用中面临着对噪声和离群点敏感的问题。为了解决这个问题,研究者们提出了多种鲁棒主成分分析算法,通过减小整体样本的重构误差来减小离群点的影响。然而,这些算法忽略了数据的固有局部结构,导致数据的本质结构信息丢失,从而影响了对噪声和离群点的准确辨识和移除,进而影响了后续算法的性能。因此,该文提出了基于Soft均值滤波的鲁棒主成分分析(Robust Principal Component Analysis Based on Soft Mean Filtering,RPCA-SMF)算法。RPCA-SMF采用Soft均值滤波的思想,通过两步走的形式,不仅在模型学习前对噪声处理,同时在模型学习后也引入了噪声处理机制。具体而言,RPCA-SMF算法首先引入了均值滤波的相关思想,通过对比样本与其局部近邻这两者和局部均值的偏差对样本进行Soft加权,从而对噪声进行判定。随后,通过第一步获取的关于噪声的“判别知识”处理噪声信息。由于均值滤波能有效保留数据的整体轮廓信息,因此对于被识别为噪声的样本,RPCA-SMF算法强调保留其低频整体轮廓信息,而非高频的噪声信息。这样能够有效地保留数据中的有用信息,提高对数据整体结构特征的保留能力,使得算法具有较强的鲁棒性和较好的泛化性。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS)is an extremely rare malignant sarcoma,accounting for less than 1%of all soft-tissue sarcomas.However,limited information is available on multimodal imaging[computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)]of ASPS.CASE SUMMARY This study reports a case of a 35-year-old female patient with ASPS of the left thigh with lung metastasis.The patient presented with a 1-year history of a palpable mass in the lower extremity,which exhibited rapid growth for 3 wk.CT,MRI,and F-deoxyglucose PET/CT examinations were performed.CT showed a slightly hypodense or isodense mass with patchy calcifications.On MRI examination,the mass manifested hyperintensity on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images with some signal voids.PET/CT images demonstrated an intensely hypermetabolic mass in the left thigh and hypermetabolic nodules in lungs.CONCLUSION ASPS should be considered as a possible diagnosis when a slow-growing mass is detected in the soft tissue of the extremities,with hyperintensity and numerous signal voids on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images and intense F-deoxyglucose uptake on PET/CT.ASPS can have calcifications on CT.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Scientific foundation of China(No.81320108013,31170899)
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging features of alveolar soft part sarcoma （ASPS）. Methods The imaging features of 11 cases with ASPS were retrospectively analyzed. Results ASPS mainly exhibited an isointense or slightly high signal intensity on Tl-weighted imaging （TlWl）, and a mixed high signal on T2-weighted imaging （T2Wl）. ASPS was partial, with rich tortuous flow voids, or ＂line-like＂ low signal septa. The essence of the mass was heterogeneous enhancement. The 1 H- MRS showed a slight choline peak at 3.2 ppm. Conclusion The well-circumscribed mass and blood voids, combined with ＂line-like＂ low signals play a significant role in diagnosis. The choline peak and the other signs may be auxiliary diagnoses.
基金supported by the Boeing Company,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11222217 and 11002079)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (2011Z02174)the Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology of China
文摘Nano-particle capture is a key process in filtration, separation, and biomedical applications. Here we explored the mechanisms of soft particle capture using nanofiber networks. We identified possible states of the capture process, which are defined by their structural and material parameters. By performing numerical analysis, we provided a phase diagram in the parametric space of the network structure and interracial adhesion. The work provides a conceptual model for rational design of synthetic materials in related applications that focus on the protection against or removal of virus, as well as other soft particles.
文摘Alveolar soft part sarcoma（ASPS）of the orbit is exceedingly rare and little is known regarding its radiologic features.Here,we reviewed the CT and MRI findings of one case of ASPS of the orbit with emphasis on its salient imaging features.
文摘Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon, aggressive soft-tissue neoplasm, occurring in less than 1% of sarcomas. It is typically found in the head and neck tissues in children or in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities in young adults. This tumor arises primarily within the skeletal muscles or musculofascial planes. Primary involvement of bone is extremely rare. ASPS has poor prognosis with a propensity for recurrence as well as distant metastasis. In this report, we present a 25-year-old male with primary ASPS in the left scapular bone and discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of this sarcoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11972375 and12211530028)the Special Funds for the Basic Scientific Research Expenses of Central Government Universities of China (No. 2472022X03006A)
文摘Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix interactions, we present a mechanics model describing the energy functional of planar magnetic composites. Through the Fourier series, the analytical solutions for stress distribution and interfacial peeling length of a single particle-polymer unit are derived with the Rayleigh-Ritz method under uniaxial tension. The calculated results of stress fields without the magnetic field agree well with those of the finite element method. The effects of external magnetic field strength and particle content on the stress distribution and peeling length are fully explored, and the enhanced analytical outcomes are obtained through numerical prediction.These insights can be used to validate the reliability of engineering designs, including adaptive structures, micro-electro-mechanical sensors, and soft robotic systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501300)the 9th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation’s open projects(Grant No.2024SK-002-01)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Grant No.22YF7GA001).
文摘Soft magnetic composites made from metallic magnetic particles with an easy magnetization plane(referred to as easy-plane metallic soft magnetic composites(SMC))are considered ideal materials for the next generation of power electronic devices.This advantage is attributed to their ability to maintain high permeability at elevated frequencies.Despite these advantages,a definitive mathematical model that connects the high-frequency magnetic properties(e.g.,effective permeability)of easy-plane metallic SMCs to the intrinsic properties of the particles is still lacking.In this work,a theoretical calculation model for the effective permeability of easy-plane metallic SMCs was formulated.This model was derived from a skin effect-corrected Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation and integrated with effective medium theory incorporating inter-particle interaction.To validate the model,we prepared samples of easy-plane Y_(2)Co_(17)particle/PU SMCs with varying particle sizes and volume fractions.The experimental results showed a strong agreement with the calculated values.This research offers critical theoretical backing for the design and optimization of soft magnetic materials intended for high-frequency applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103044)Double First-Class Initiative University of Science and Technology of China(KY2400000037)the Young Talent Programme(GG2400007009).
文摘Conductive elastomers combining micromechanical sensitivity,lightweight adaptability,and environmental sustainability are critically needed for advanced flexible electronics requiring precise responsiveness and long-term wearability;however,the integration of these properties remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a biomass-derived conductive elastomer featuring a rationally engineered dynamic crosslinked network integrated with a tunable microporous architecture.This structural design imparts pronounced micromechanical sensitivity,an ultralow density(~0.25 g cm^(−3)),and superior mechanical compliance for adaptive deformation.Moreover,the unique micro-spring effect derived from the porous architecture ensures exceptional stretchability(>500%elongation at break)and superior resilience,delivering immediate and stable electrical response under both subtle(<1%)and large(>200%)mechanical stimuli.Intrinsic dynamic interactions endow the elastomer with efficient room temperature self-healing and complete recyclability without compromising performance.First-principles simulations clarify the mechanisms behind micropore formation and the resulting functionality.Beyond its facile and mild fabrication process,this work establishes a scalable route toward high-performance,sustainable conductive elastomers tailored for next-generation soft electronics.
基金supported by the NSFC under Grant No.62474169the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFB3212200the funding from USTC under Grant Nos.WK2100000025,KY2190000003,and KY2190000006。
文摘Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.
基金the support of this research by the National Science and Technology Major Project(grant No.2011ZX06901-003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.51576211)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)(grant No.2014AA052701)the funds of Nuclear Power Technology Innovation Centre(grant Nos.HDLCXZX-2020-HD-022 and HDLCXZX-2021-ZH-024).
文摘The motion and deformation of soft particles are commonly encountered and important in many appli-cations.A discrete element-embedded finite element model(DEFEM)is proposed to solve soft particle motion and deformation,which combines discrete element and finite element methods.The collisional surface of soft particles is covered by several dynamical embedded discrete elements(EDEs)to model the collisional external forces of the particles.The particle deformation,motion,and rotation are inde-pendent of each other in the DEFEM.The deformation and internal forces are simulated using the finite element model,whereas the particle rotation and motion calculations are based on the discrete element model.By inheriting the advantages of existing coupling methods,the contact force and contact search between soft particles are improved with the aid of the EDE.Soft particle packing is simulated using the DEFEM for two cases:particle accumulation along a rectangular straight wall and a wall with an inclined angle.The large particle deformation in the lower layers can be simulated using current meth-ods,where the deformed particle shape is either irregular in the marginal region or nearly hexagonal in the tightly packed central region.This method can also be used to simulate the deformation,motion,and heat transfer of non-spherical soft particles.
文摘近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(Soft Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient,Soft-DDPG)算法驱动的综合能源系统优化调度方法,以最小化调度周期内系统总运行成本为目标,建立设备运行综合能效评估模型,再采用Soft-DDPG算法对每个能源设备的能效调度动作进行优化控制.Soft-DDPG算法将softmax算子引入到动作值函数的计算中,有效降低了Q值高估问题.与此同时,该算法在动作选择策略中加入了随机噪声,提高了算法的学习效率.实验结果显示,本文所提出的方法解决了综合能源系统能效调度实时性差、精准度低的瓶颈问题,实现了系统的高效灵活调度,降低了系统的总运行成本.
基金This work was supported by the wants from the China Medical Board of New York(CMB 00-722)the SCI Paper Foundation of West China Hospital(No. 141060302).
文摘Background Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor （PHAT） of soft parts is a rare soft tissue tumor, which is generally considered low-grade. To distinguish the tumor from other soft tissue lesions, we analyzed the clinicopathologic and ultrastructural features, immunophenotypes, and flow cytometric DNA ploidy of PHAT in 9 cases. Methods PHAT specimens were collected from 9 patients with PHAT from 1990 to 2004. Each specimen was cut into pieces and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, Prussian blue, and Masson trichrome, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains for vimentin, S-100 protein, CD34, CD31, CD99, VEGF, desmin, CDl17, α-SMA, and MIB-1 were performed with the Envision system. Flow cytometry was used in four specimens, two of which were observed by electron microscopy. Results In the 9 cases, the PHAT occurred at the lower extremity in 2 patients, inguinal in 2, waist in 1, forearm in 1, buttock in 1, foot in 1, and the chest wall in 1. All the lesions presented in the superficial subcutaneous tissues. Follow-up data were available in 7 of the patients, among whom 2 （28.6%） had recurrence after primary therapy. Microscopically, typical PHAT was characterized by sheet-like proliferation of spindle or pleomorphic cells and clusters of thin-walled hyalinized cstatic vessels. In some areas of the tumor, hemosiderin-laden spindle cells, numerous small single vessels, and myxoid extracellular matrix could be identified, indicating an ＂atypical PHAT＂. Mitotic figures were rare in all the cases In 5 of the 9 patients （55.6%）, the tumor was typical PHAT; and in the other 4 （44.4%）, typical and atypical PHAT coexisted. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, CD34, CD99, and VEGF, but negative for S-100 protein, desmin, SMA, and CD31. In all the cases, the MIB-1 proliferative activity of the neoplastic cells was lower than 2%. Ultrastructural analysis did not reveal any evidence of specific differentiation. Aneuploidy was not detected by flow cytometry. Conclusions Histologically, typical PHAT is characterized by spindle and pleomorphic cells associated with an angiectatic vasculature. The neoplastic cells often express vimentin and CD34, and may be positive for CD99 and VEGF. Ultrastructurally, the tumor usually has no specific differentiation. The low MIB-1 index and the absence of aneuploidy in PHAT indicate a non-malignancy. However, we consider the tumor as a borderline neoplasm because of its aggressive behaviour, and suggest wide local resection with tumor-free margin for the treatment of the disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273160)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14CX06067A,13CX05021A)
文摘Local learning based soft sensing methods succeed in coping with time-varying characteristics of processes as well as nonlinearities in industrial plants. In this paper, a local partial least squares based soft sensing method for multi-output processes is proposed to accomplish process states division and local model adaptation,which are two key steps in development of local learning based soft sensors. An adaptive way of partitioning process states without redundancy is proposed based on F-test, where unique local time regions are extracted.Subsequently, a novel anti-over-fitting criterion is proposed for online local model adaptation which simultaneously considers the relationship between process variables and the information in labeled and unlabeled samples. Case study is carried out on two chemical processes and simulation results illustrate the superiorities of the proposed method from several aspects.
基金co-supported supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Fundamental Research Fund Project,China(No.2019A1515111099)Open Research Fund of CAS Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology,China(Nos.SPMT2021002,SPMT2022001).
文摘Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems(MOTTs)can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement.The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible,yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model,ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern.To compensate for these mismatches,this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter(MGHPF),which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions.Specifically,the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate,fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy.Then,the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation,and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate.Simultaneously,the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood.Besides,an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees.Simulated and measured results show good agreement;compared with the stateof-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter(MMRBPF),the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7%and significantly reduces the computational load.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Fund of China(No. 51172282)Hebei Natural Science Fund of China (No. E2015506011)
文摘FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequency and high efficiency. Firstly, twice-balling adhesive precursor method was used to obtain FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy agglomerate powders. Then agglomerate powders with the mesh number of 150-240, 240-325 and 325-400 were sprayed through the flame field into the quenching water. At last, FeSiAl MSAHMs with coarse(average at 86.97 μm), medium(average at 52.16 μm) and fine particles(average at 31.80 μm) were got. Effect of particle size on the phases and microwave absorption properties in low frequency band was studied by XRD and vector network analyzer. The results show that,Fe_3 Si_(0.7)Al_(0.3) and Fe_3 Si_(0.5)Al_(0.5) appear in the phase components of FeSiAl MSAHMs,which is important to improve the microwave absorption properties in low frequency. In addition, the real part(ε′) and imaginary part(ε″) of complex permittivity, the real part(μ′) and imaginary part(μ″) of complex permeability of FeSiAl MSAHMs all present the trend of fine particles > medium particles > coarse particles. The microwave absorption properties in low frequency are improved with the increasing of particle size, and the absorption peak moves to lower frequency range. The properties of fine particles are the best. Their matching thickness of samples is at 5 mm, and the minimum reflectivity is-43 dB at this thickness. The absorption frequency band lower than-10 dB is 4.6-7.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 3 GHz.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81801006,31870953,81901048,81620108006,81991505,81921002,81801023,and 82100963)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(21QA1405400)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1102900)Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.SSMU-ZDCX20180900)。
文摘Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue sealing around the implant,enhance osseointegration,and improve implant success rates,this paper proposes a composite multifunctional coating(PHG)prepared using gelatin and polydopamine/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,investigates the effects of this novel coating on cell adhesion,proliferation,antibacterial activity,osteogenic differentiation,and evaluates its immune-related properties.The PHG coating was proved to have satisfactory hydrophilicity and wettability for cell attachment.Furthermore,it improved the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins in human gingival fibroblasts,indicating its adhesion-promoting effect.Additionally,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited strong osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization on PHG-coated surfaces.Notably,the PHG coating exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans,as well as anti-inflammatory effects,potentially via the regulation of macrophages.Therefore,the proposed PHG coating may promote soft tissue sealing and bone bonding,providing a potential strategy for the surface modification of dental implants.
文摘This paper studies the particle time derivatives of the characteristic geometric quantities on soft curved surfaces in Lagrangian description.On the basis of differential geometry, the calculation formulas for the particle time derivatives of the base vectors,metric tensor, Christoffel symbol,unit normal vector,curvature tensor and scalar curvatures on soft curved surface are derived.The limitations of particle time derivatives,e.g.the non-covariance,are pointed out.This research paves the way for studying particle time derivative of any tensor field on soft curved surface.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy under Award(DE-FE0001321).
文摘The influence of the magnetization of a soft magnetic sphere on the surrounding magnetic field is measured and characterized.The interaction force between two soft magnetic particles is directly measured using an ultra precision load sensor in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. The interaction force largely follows an inverse fourth power law as a function of separation distance between particle centers. At small distances,the effect of magnetization of one particle on the magnetization of its adjacent particle causes the attractive（repulsive） force to be larger（smaller） than that predicted by the inverse fourth power law.The theoretical prediction based on a modified dipole model,that takes into account the coupling effect of the magnetization among soft magnetic particles,gives excellent agreement with the measured force in a uniform magnetic field.The interaction force under a non-uniform applied magnetic field can be reasonably predicted using the dipole-dipole interaction model when the local magnetic field is used to determine the magnetization.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program,China(2015CB250904)
文摘Considering high temperature and high salinity in the reservoirs, a dispersed particle gel soft heterogeneous compound(SHC) flooding system was prepared to improve the micro-profile control and displacement efficiency. The characteristics and displacement mechanisms of the system were investigated via core flow tests and visual simulation experiments. The SHC flooding system composed of DPG particles and surfactants was suitable for the reservoirs with the temperature of 80-110 °C and the salinity of 1×10~4-10×10~4 mg/L. The system presented good characteristics: low viscosity, weak negatively charged, temperature and salinity resistance, particles aggregation capacity, wettability alteration on oil wet surface, wettability weaken on water wet surface, and interfacial tension(IFT) still less than 1×10^(-1) mN/m after aging at high temperature. The SHC flooding system achieved the micro-profile control by entering formations deeply and the better performance was found in the formation with the higher permeability difference existing between the layers, which suggested that the flooding system was superior to the surfactants, DPG particles, and polymer/surfactant compound flooding systems. The system could effectively enhance the micro-profile control in porous media through four behaviors, including direct plugging, bridging, adsorption, and retention. Moreover, the surfactant in the system magnified the deep migration capability and oil displacement capacity of the SHC flooding system, and the impact was strengthened through the mechanisms of improved displacement capacity, synergistic emulsification, enhanced wettability alteration ability and coalescence of oil belts. The synergistic effect of the two components of SHC flooding system improved oil displacement efficiency and subsequently enhanced oil recovery.
文摘降维对于数据的可视化和预处理具有重要意义,主成分分析作为最常用的无监督降维算法之一,在实际应用中面临着对噪声和离群点敏感的问题。为了解决这个问题,研究者们提出了多种鲁棒主成分分析算法,通过减小整体样本的重构误差来减小离群点的影响。然而,这些算法忽略了数据的固有局部结构,导致数据的本质结构信息丢失,从而影响了对噪声和离群点的准确辨识和移除,进而影响了后续算法的性能。因此,该文提出了基于Soft均值滤波的鲁棒主成分分析(Robust Principal Component Analysis Based on Soft Mean Filtering,RPCA-SMF)算法。RPCA-SMF采用Soft均值滤波的思想,通过两步走的形式,不仅在模型学习前对噪声处理,同时在模型学习后也引入了噪声处理机制。具体而言,RPCA-SMF算法首先引入了均值滤波的相关思想,通过对比样本与其局部近邻这两者和局部均值的偏差对样本进行Soft加权,从而对噪声进行判定。随后,通过第一步获取的关于噪声的“判别知识”处理噪声信息。由于均值滤波能有效保留数据的整体轮廓信息,因此对于被识别为噪声的样本,RPCA-SMF算法强调保留其低频整体轮廓信息,而非高频的噪声信息。这样能够有效地保留数据中的有用信息,提高对数据整体结构特征的保留能力,使得算法具有较强的鲁棒性和较好的泛化性。
