The development of sodium-ion full cells is seriously suppressed by the incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes. Most representatively, high-voltage ester-based electrolytes required by the cathodes presen...The development of sodium-ion full cells is seriously suppressed by the incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes. Most representatively, high-voltage ester-based electrolytes required by the cathodes present poor interfacial compatibility with the anodes due to unstable solid electrode interphase(SEI). Herein, Fe S@N,S-C(spindle-like Fe S nanoparticles individually encapsulated in N,S-doped carbon) with excellent structural stability is synthesized as a potential sodium anode material. It exhibits exceptional interfacial stability in ester-based electrolyte(1 M NaClO_(4) in ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate with 5% fluoroethylene carbonate) with long-cycling lifespan(294 days) in Na|Fe S@N,S-C coin cell and remarkable cyclability in pouch cell(capacity retention of 82.2% after 170 cycles at 0.2 A g^(-1)).DFT calculation reveals that N,S-doping on electrode surface could drive strong repulsion to solvated Na_(2) and preferential adsorption to ClO_(4)^(-) anion, guiding the anion-rich inner Helmholtz plane.Consequently, a robust SEI with rich inorganic species(NaCl and Na_(2)O) through the whole depth stabilizes the electrode–electrolyte interface and protects its integrity. This work brings new insight into the role of electrode’s surface properties in interfacial compatibility that can guide the design of more versatile electrodes for advanced rechargeable metal-ion batteries.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop ch...In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.展开更多
NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was i...NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic ...Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.展开更多
Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various phy...Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.展开更多
The scarcity of critical raw materials in lithium-ion batteries has driven increasing interest in alternative chemistries,such as sodium-based all-solid-state batteries.Among various solid electrolytes,sulfide-based N...The scarcity of critical raw materials in lithium-ion batteries has driven increasing interest in alternative chemistries,such as sodium-based all-solid-state batteries.Among various solid electrolytes,sulfide-based Na_(3)PS_(4) stands out for its high ionic conductivity and excellent formability.However,its poor interfacial compatibility with conventional high-voltage oxide cathodes remains a major limitation.In this study,we report the successful integration of amorphous Na_(2)MoS_(4)—a high-capacity,sulfide-compatible cathode—into Na_(3)PS_(4)-based all-solid-state sodium batteries.Benefiting from a moderate redox potential window(1.1-2.7 V vs.Na^(+)/Na),Na_(2)MoS_(4) exhibits excellent chemical and electrochemical compatibility with Na_(3)PS_(4),as confirmed by structural and spectroscopic analyses.Further investigation reveals that intimate interfacial contact between both electrodes and the solid-state electrolyte is critical for achieving long-term cycling stability.Based on these insights,the optimized Na_(15)Sn_(4)|Na_(3)PS_(4)|Na_(2)MoS_(4)-Na_(3)PS_(4)-carbon nanofiber cell delivers a reversible capacity of~372 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 C and retains nearly 100%capacity over 450 cycles at 0.3 C.In situ impedance spectroscopy further confirms the stability of interfacial resistance throughout cycling.This work identifies Na_(2)MoS_(4) as a highly promising sulfide cathode for high-energy,long-life sodium solid-state batteries and provides valuable design principles for future development of sulfide-based electrode-electrolyte interfaces in next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viabl...A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.T...In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.展开更多
The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as we...The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.展开更多
Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to ...Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.展开更多
The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a disp...The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.展开更多
Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the subopt...Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the suboptimal adsorption of the intermediate on Na_(x)CoO_(2) resulted in unsatisfactory activity.Herein,Na_(x)CoO_(2) flakes with varying sodium densities(x=0.6,0.7,0.9)were engineered for efficient CER.Excitingly,the optimal Na_(0.7)CoO_(2) achieves an ultralow overpotential(55.47 mV)outperforming commercial RuO_(2) at 10 mA/cm^(2),while remaining inactive toward the competing OER.Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that appropriate interlayer sodium density has optimized the d-band center level of Co atoms in Na_(x)CoO_(2),thereby weakening the strength of Co-Cl bonds.This modulation facilitates the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of Cl species(ΔG_(Cl^(*))=-0.109 eV)on the surface and kinetically accelerating Cl_2 release.This work is anticipated to elucidate the mechanism by which interlayer sodium density modifies the catalytic performance of Na_(x)CoO_(2),and present new insights for the rational design of advanced CER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits t...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.展开更多
Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reacti...Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.展开更多
Anode-free sodium metal batteries(AFSMBs)have gained attention as next-generation storage systems with high energy density and cost-effectiveness.However,non-uniform sodium(Na)deposition and an unsteady solid electrol...Anode-free sodium metal batteries(AFSMBs)have gained attention as next-generation storage systems with high energy density and cost-effectiveness.However,non-uniform sodium(Na)deposition and an unsteady solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)lead to dendrite-related issues and severe irreversible Na^(+)plating/stripping,greatly aggravating their cycle deterioration.In this study,we effectively modified the 3D current collector's electronic structure by introducing Zn-N_(x)active sites(Zn-CNF),which enhances lateral Na^(+)diffusion and the Na planar growth,enabling uniform deep Na deposition at an exceptionally high capacity of 10 mA h cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn-N_(x)bonds enhance the adsorption capacity of PF6and contribute to forming a stable inorganic-rich SEI layer.Consequently,Zn-CNF with the electronic structure regulation endows an ultra-low nucleation overpotential(8 mV)and ultra-high Coulombic efficiency of 99.94%over 1,600 cycles.Symmetric cells demonstrate stable Na^(+)plating/stripping behavior for more than 4,400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,under high cathode loading(7.97 mg cm^(-2)),the AFSMBs achieve a high energy density of 374 W h kg^(-1)and retain a high discharge capacity of 82.49 mA h g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 80.4%after 120 cycles.This work proposes a viable strategy to achieving high-energy-density AFSMBs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1804129, 21771164)the Program for Young Scholar of Changjiang Scholars+1 种基金Zhongyuan Youth Talent Support Program of Henan ProvinceZhengzhou University Youth Innovation Program。
文摘The development of sodium-ion full cells is seriously suppressed by the incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes. Most representatively, high-voltage ester-based electrolytes required by the cathodes present poor interfacial compatibility with the anodes due to unstable solid electrode interphase(SEI). Herein, Fe S@N,S-C(spindle-like Fe S nanoparticles individually encapsulated in N,S-doped carbon) with excellent structural stability is synthesized as a potential sodium anode material. It exhibits exceptional interfacial stability in ester-based electrolyte(1 M NaClO_(4) in ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate with 5% fluoroethylene carbonate) with long-cycling lifespan(294 days) in Na|Fe S@N,S-C coin cell and remarkable cyclability in pouch cell(capacity retention of 82.2% after 170 cycles at 0.2 A g^(-1)).DFT calculation reveals that N,S-doping on electrode surface could drive strong repulsion to solvated Na_(2) and preferential adsorption to ClO_(4)^(-) anion, guiding the anion-rich inner Helmholtz plane.Consequently, a robust SEI with rich inorganic species(NaCl and Na_(2)O) through the whole depth stabilizes the electrode–electrolyte interface and protects its integrity. This work brings new insight into the role of electrode’s surface properties in interfacial compatibility that can guide the design of more versatile electrodes for advanced rechargeable metal-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
基金supported by the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hubei University of Technology(No.HGKFZ03).
文摘In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175089)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202103AF140006)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(Nos.202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202401AV070008)Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”,China(No.KKXY202252001)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China(No.202202AG050003)。
文摘NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473213 and No.52203261)。
文摘Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.
基金funded by the Entrusted service project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYJXG-L23001)2023 Sanqin Talent Special Support Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project,and Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2023).
文摘Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.
基金supported by Taiyuan Institute of Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding(2024KLO06,2024LJ002,2024KJ037)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2024L365)+5 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(20240031)Shanxi Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research(20210302124219)H.X.,J.W.,X.L.,and X.Z.acknowledge China Scholarship Council for funding.X.L.acknowledges financial support from the Marie Sktodowska-Curie Actions(grant agreement No.101064286)the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRs(Grant No.40010559)for his postdoctoral fellowshipAlexandru Vlad acknowledges financial support by INNOVIRIS 2019-RDIR-59B,INNOVIRIS 2O24-RDIR-43B,F.R.S.-FNRS thrOugh grant No°-F.4552.21-DEMIST,CF-ARC grant(18/23-093)MICROBAT,FWOF.R.S.-FNRS under the Excellence of Science(EOS)program-ECOBAT[40007515].
文摘The scarcity of critical raw materials in lithium-ion batteries has driven increasing interest in alternative chemistries,such as sodium-based all-solid-state batteries.Among various solid electrolytes,sulfide-based Na_(3)PS_(4) stands out for its high ionic conductivity and excellent formability.However,its poor interfacial compatibility with conventional high-voltage oxide cathodes remains a major limitation.In this study,we report the successful integration of amorphous Na_(2)MoS_(4)—a high-capacity,sulfide-compatible cathode—into Na_(3)PS_(4)-based all-solid-state sodium batteries.Benefiting from a moderate redox potential window(1.1-2.7 V vs.Na^(+)/Na),Na_(2)MoS_(4) exhibits excellent chemical and electrochemical compatibility with Na_(3)PS_(4),as confirmed by structural and spectroscopic analyses.Further investigation reveals that intimate interfacial contact between both electrodes and the solid-state electrolyte is critical for achieving long-term cycling stability.Based on these insights,the optimized Na_(15)Sn_(4)|Na_(3)PS_(4)|Na_(2)MoS_(4)-Na_(3)PS_(4)-carbon nanofiber cell delivers a reversible capacity of~372 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 C and retains nearly 100%capacity over 450 cycles at 0.3 C.In situ impedance spectroscopy further confirms the stability of interfacial resistance throughout cycling.This work identifies Na_(2)MoS_(4) as a highly promising sulfide cathode for high-energy,long-life sodium solid-state batteries and provides valuable design principles for future development of sulfide-based electrode-electrolyte interfaces in next-generation energy storage systems.
基金grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472247,52172229,21401145)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.104972024KFYjc0079).
文摘A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.
基金Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2E33270National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2020M3H4A3081889。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.
文摘In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application(Grant No.ZDSYS20220527171407017).
文摘The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.
文摘Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3501103)Guiding Local Funding Projects for Scientific and Technological Development by Central Government in Hebei(216Z1402G)Youth Fund of GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.
文摘The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.
基金jointly supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.24JR031)the Research Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials(No.SKL001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372288)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2022JQ-373)。
文摘Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the suboptimal adsorption of the intermediate on Na_(x)CoO_(2) resulted in unsatisfactory activity.Herein,Na_(x)CoO_(2) flakes with varying sodium densities(x=0.6,0.7,0.9)were engineered for efficient CER.Excitingly,the optimal Na_(0.7)CoO_(2) achieves an ultralow overpotential(55.47 mV)outperforming commercial RuO_(2) at 10 mA/cm^(2),while remaining inactive toward the competing OER.Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that appropriate interlayer sodium density has optimized the d-band center level of Co atoms in Na_(x)CoO_(2),thereby weakening the strength of Co-Cl bonds.This modulation facilitates the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of Cl species(ΔG_(Cl^(*))=-0.109 eV)on the surface and kinetically accelerating Cl_2 release.This work is anticipated to elucidate the mechanism by which interlayer sodium density modifies the catalytic performance of Na_(x)CoO_(2),and present new insights for the rational design of advanced CER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109079)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973008)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179010)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2400200)Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.tsqnz20231212)。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279069,22179067,22478211 and 22372017)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD10)。
文摘Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.
基金supports by Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2025ZZTS0089)supported by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University.
文摘Anode-free sodium metal batteries(AFSMBs)have gained attention as next-generation storage systems with high energy density and cost-effectiveness.However,non-uniform sodium(Na)deposition and an unsteady solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)lead to dendrite-related issues and severe irreversible Na^(+)plating/stripping,greatly aggravating their cycle deterioration.In this study,we effectively modified the 3D current collector's electronic structure by introducing Zn-N_(x)active sites(Zn-CNF),which enhances lateral Na^(+)diffusion and the Na planar growth,enabling uniform deep Na deposition at an exceptionally high capacity of 10 mA h cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn-N_(x)bonds enhance the adsorption capacity of PF6and contribute to forming a stable inorganic-rich SEI layer.Consequently,Zn-CNF with the electronic structure regulation endows an ultra-low nucleation overpotential(8 mV)and ultra-high Coulombic efficiency of 99.94%over 1,600 cycles.Symmetric cells demonstrate stable Na^(+)plating/stripping behavior for more than 4,400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,under high cathode loading(7.97 mg cm^(-2)),the AFSMBs achieve a high energy density of 374 W h kg^(-1)and retain a high discharge capacity of 82.49 mA h g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 80.4%after 120 cycles.This work proposes a viable strategy to achieving high-energy-density AFSMBs.
