In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop ch...In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.展开更多
Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic ...Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.展开更多
The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of t...The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of this combined reagent was systematically investigated via contact angle measurements,AFM,FTIR,species distribution calculations,and DFT calculations.The results suggested that Ca(Ⅱ)exhibited the best selectivity for activating lepidolite flotation.SNOS was chemically adsorbed on the Ca(Ⅱ)-activated lepidolite surface with an adsorption energy of−1248.91 kJ/mol while a lower adsorption energy of−598.84 kJ/mol of SNOS on Ca(Ⅱ)-activated feldspar was calculated.Therefore,this combination of SNOS and Ca(Ⅱ)is a promising reagent scheme for the efficient recovery of lithium from aluminosilicate ore.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kineti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has ...With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.展开更多
Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+d...Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.展开更多
Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessf...Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.T...In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.展开更多
Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by l...Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.展开更多
Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.He...Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.Herein,a separator with multifunctional layers composed of N-doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres(HCS)as the inner layer and sodium fluoride(NaF)as the outer layer on commercial polypropylene separator(PP)is proposed(PP@HCS-NaF)to achieve stable cycling in SMB.At the molecular level,the inner HCS layer with a high content of pyrrolic-N induces the uniform Na^(+)flux as a potential Na^(+)redistributor for homogenous deposition,whereas its hollow mesoporous structure offers nanoporous buffers and ion channels to regulate Na^(+)ion distribution and uniform deposition.The outer layer(NaF)constructs the NaF-enriched robust solid electrolyte interphase layer,significantly lowering the Na^(+)ions diffusion barrier.Benefiting from these merits,higher electrochemical performances are achieved with multifunctional double-layered PP@HCS-NaF separators compared with single-layered separators(i.e.PP@HCS or PP@NaF)in SMBs.The Na‖Cu half-cell with PP@HCS-NaF offers stable cycling(280 cycles)with a high CE(99.6%),and Na‖Na symmetric cells demonstrate extended lifespans for over 6000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)with a progressively stable overpotential of 9 mV.Remarkably,in Na‖NVP full-cells,the PP@HCS-NaF separator grants a stable capacity of~81 mA h g^(-1)after 3500 cycles at 1 C and an impressive rate capability performance(~70 mA h g^(-1)at 15 C).展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hamp...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.展开更多
The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics ...The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed by integrating digital image correlation(DIC)technology into the testing apparatus.The evolution law of the uniaxial compression strength(UCS),the failure strain,and the formation of the shear band of the frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil were analyzed.The test results show that within the scope of this study,with the increase of salt content,both the UCS and the shear band angle initially decrease with increasing salt content before showing an increase.In contrast,the failure strain and the width of the shear band exhibit an initial increase followed by a decrease in the samples.In addition,to investigate the brittle failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,two classic brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level for the soil samples.The findings suggest that the failure characteristics under all test conditions in this study belong to the transition stage between brittle and ductile,indicating that frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil exhibits certain brittle behavior under uniaxial compression conditions,and the brittleness index basically decreases and then increases with the rise in salt content.展开更多
The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as we...The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.展开更多
Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas remains a significant challenge for environmental protection due to the lack of cost-effective sorbents.In this study,a series of red mud(RM)-based sorbents impregnated wi...Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas remains a significant challenge for environmental protection due to the lack of cost-effective sorbents.In this study,a series of red mud(RM)-based sorbents impregnated with sodium halides(NaBr and NaI)are presented to capture elemental mercury(Hg^(0))from flue gas.The modified RM underwent comprehensive characterization,including analysis of its textural qualities,crystal structure,chemical composition,and thermal properties.The results indicate that the halide impregnation substantially impacts the surface area and pore size of the RM.Hg^(0) removal performance was evaluated on a fixed-bed reactor in simulated flue gas(consisting of N_(2),O_(2),CO_(2),NO and SO_(2),etc.)on a modified RM.At an optimal adsorption temperature of 160℃,NaI-modified sorbent(RMI5)offers a removal efficiency of 98%in a mixture of gas,including O_(2),NO and HCl.Furthermore,pseudo-second-order model fitting results demonstrate the chemisorption mechanism for the adsorption of Hg^(0) in kinetic investigations.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hubei University of Technology(No.HGKFZ03).
文摘In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473213 and No.52203261)。
文摘Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2067201,52204300)the National 111 Project,China(No.B14034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(No.2021zzts0297).
文摘The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of this combined reagent was systematically investigated via contact angle measurements,AFM,FTIR,species distribution calculations,and DFT calculations.The results suggested that Ca(Ⅱ)exhibited the best selectivity for activating lepidolite flotation.SNOS was chemically adsorbed on the Ca(Ⅱ)-activated lepidolite surface with an adsorption energy of−1248.91 kJ/mol while a lower adsorption energy of−598.84 kJ/mol of SNOS on Ca(Ⅱ)-activated feldspar was calculated.Therefore,this combination of SNOS and Ca(Ⅱ)is a promising reagent scheme for the efficient recovery of lithium from aluminosilicate ore.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(22105118)Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Provinces(ZR2021QB095)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0183 and 2021M701979).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010611)the State Key Project of International Cooperation Research(2023YFE0201100)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(“111”plan),and the High-Level Discipline Program of Shandong Province of China.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805018)by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022ZHCG0018,2023NSFSC0117 and 2023ZHCG0060)Yibin Science and Technology Program(No.2022JB005)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722704).
文摘Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075034,22178037,and 22478047)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-303)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No 202008210171).
文摘Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
文摘In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.
基金supported by the NSFC (42374204, 42004143,42364012)the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.YSBR-018)+3 种基金the Scientific Projects of Hainan Province(KJRC2023C05, ZDYF2021GXJS040)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Provincethe Chinese Meridian ProjectPandeng Program of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 22350410379)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ23B030003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-202400075)Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang Province.
文摘Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.Herein,a separator with multifunctional layers composed of N-doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres(HCS)as the inner layer and sodium fluoride(NaF)as the outer layer on commercial polypropylene separator(PP)is proposed(PP@HCS-NaF)to achieve stable cycling in SMB.At the molecular level,the inner HCS layer with a high content of pyrrolic-N induces the uniform Na^(+)flux as a potential Na^(+)redistributor for homogenous deposition,whereas its hollow mesoporous structure offers nanoporous buffers and ion channels to regulate Na^(+)ion distribution and uniform deposition.The outer layer(NaF)constructs the NaF-enriched robust solid electrolyte interphase layer,significantly lowering the Na^(+)ions diffusion barrier.Benefiting from these merits,higher electrochemical performances are achieved with multifunctional double-layered PP@HCS-NaF separators compared with single-layered separators(i.e.PP@HCS or PP@NaF)in SMBs.The Na‖Cu half-cell with PP@HCS-NaF offers stable cycling(280 cycles)with a high CE(99.6%),and Na‖Na symmetric cells demonstrate extended lifespans for over 6000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)with a progressively stable overpotential of 9 mV.Remarkably,in Na‖NVP full-cells,the PP@HCS-NaF separator grants a stable capacity of~81 mA h g^(-1)after 3500 cycles at 1 C and an impressive rate capability performance(~70 mA h g^(-1)at 15 C).
基金supported by the Battery Energy Storage Testing Center of Chongqing through their provision of testing support and technical assistance。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42372312,and 42172299)the Pyramid Talent Training Project of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(Grant No.JDYC20220807).
文摘The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed by integrating digital image correlation(DIC)technology into the testing apparatus.The evolution law of the uniaxial compression strength(UCS),the failure strain,and the formation of the shear band of the frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil were analyzed.The test results show that within the scope of this study,with the increase of salt content,both the UCS and the shear band angle initially decrease with increasing salt content before showing an increase.In contrast,the failure strain and the width of the shear band exhibit an initial increase followed by a decrease in the samples.In addition,to investigate the brittle failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,two classic brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level for the soil samples.The findings suggest that the failure characteristics under all test conditions in this study belong to the transition stage between brittle and ductile,indicating that frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil exhibits certain brittle behavior under uniaxial compression conditions,and the brittleness index basically decreases and then increases with the rise in salt content.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application(Grant No.ZDSYS20220527171407017).
文摘The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278066,21776039)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB4103001)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT2021TB03).
文摘Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas remains a significant challenge for environmental protection due to the lack of cost-effective sorbents.In this study,a series of red mud(RM)-based sorbents impregnated with sodium halides(NaBr and NaI)are presented to capture elemental mercury(Hg^(0))from flue gas.The modified RM underwent comprehensive characterization,including analysis of its textural qualities,crystal structure,chemical composition,and thermal properties.The results indicate that the halide impregnation substantially impacts the surface area and pore size of the RM.Hg^(0) removal performance was evaluated on a fixed-bed reactor in simulated flue gas(consisting of N_(2),O_(2),CO_(2),NO and SO_(2),etc.)on a modified RM.At an optimal adsorption temperature of 160℃,NaI-modified sorbent(RMI5)offers a removal efficiency of 98%in a mixture of gas,including O_(2),NO and HCl.Furthermore,pseudo-second-order model fitting results demonstrate the chemisorption mechanism for the adsorption of Hg^(0) in kinetic investigations.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
