In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop ch...In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic ...Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.展开更多
The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of t...The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of this combined reagent was systematically investigated via contact angle measurements,AFM,FTIR,species distribution calculations,and DFT calculations.The results suggested that Ca(Ⅱ)exhibited the best selectivity for activating lepidolite flotation.SNOS was chemically adsorbed on the Ca(Ⅱ)-activated lepidolite surface with an adsorption energy of−1248.91 kJ/mol while a lower adsorption energy of−598.84 kJ/mol of SNOS on Ca(Ⅱ)-activated feldspar was calculated.Therefore,this combination of SNOS and Ca(Ⅱ)is a promising reagent scheme for the efficient recovery of lithium from aluminosilicate ore.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kineti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.展开更多
Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two ...Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two properties of SA,hydrophilicity and gelation,seem to be paradoxical.In this study,to explore the mechanism behind these paradoxical properties,the single-chain behaviors of SA in various liquid environments have been investigated by using single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS).In nonpolar solvents such as nonane,SA exhibits its single-chain inherent elasticity consistent with the theoretical elasticity derived from quantum mechanical(QM)calculations.Notably,the experimental curve of SA obtained in water shows a long plateau in the low force region.Further research reveals that this phenomenon is driven by the hydrophobic effect.Additionally,SA shows greater rigidity than its inherent elasticity in the middle and high force regions due to electrostatic repulsion between carboxylate groups on adjacent sugar rings.Comparative single-molecule studies suggest that SA exhibits considerable hydrophobicity,offering new insights into the gelation process in water.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has ...With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.展开更多
Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+d...Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.展开更多
Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessf...Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.T...In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.展开更多
Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by l...Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.展开更多
Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.He...Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.Herein,a separator with multifunctional layers composed of N-doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres(HCS)as the inner layer and sodium fluoride(NaF)as the outer layer on commercial polypropylene separator(PP)is proposed(PP@HCS-NaF)to achieve stable cycling in SMB.At the molecular level,the inner HCS layer with a high content of pyrrolic-N induces the uniform Na^(+)flux as a potential Na^(+)redistributor for homogenous deposition,whereas its hollow mesoporous structure offers nanoporous buffers and ion channels to regulate Na^(+)ion distribution and uniform deposition.The outer layer(NaF)constructs the NaF-enriched robust solid electrolyte interphase layer,significantly lowering the Na^(+)ions diffusion barrier.Benefiting from these merits,higher electrochemical performances are achieved with multifunctional double-layered PP@HCS-NaF separators compared with single-layered separators(i.e.PP@HCS or PP@NaF)in SMBs.The Na‖Cu half-cell with PP@HCS-NaF offers stable cycling(280 cycles)with a high CE(99.6%),and Na‖Na symmetric cells demonstrate extended lifespans for over 6000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)with a progressively stable overpotential of 9 mV.Remarkably,in Na‖NVP full-cells,the PP@HCS-NaF separator grants a stable capacity of~81 mA h g^(-1)after 3500 cycles at 1 C and an impressive rate capability performance(~70 mA h g^(-1)at 15 C).展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hamp...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes h...Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hubei University of Technology(No.HGKFZ03).
文摘In this study,chitosan(CS)was combined with microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)to fabricate composite hydrogel beads.These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine(PEI)to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine(CS/MCC@PEI)composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium(DS)from aqueous solutions.The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure,abundant surface functional groups,and a high adsorption capac-ity of 274.84 mg/g for DS.Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model,dominated by physical adsorption,with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate.The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior,indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid,while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability(>77%removal after five cycles).The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS.These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473213 and No.52203261)。
文摘Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2067201,52204300)the National 111 Project,China(No.B14034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(No.2021zzts0297).
文摘The combined reagents of sodium N-oleoylsarcosinate(SNOS)with metal ions(Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ))was employed to facilitate the separation of lepidolite from feldspar.The synergistic interaction mechanism of this combined reagent was systematically investigated via contact angle measurements,AFM,FTIR,species distribution calculations,and DFT calculations.The results suggested that Ca(Ⅱ)exhibited the best selectivity for activating lepidolite flotation.SNOS was chemically adsorbed on the Ca(Ⅱ)-activated lepidolite surface with an adsorption energy of−1248.91 kJ/mol while a lower adsorption energy of−598.84 kJ/mol of SNOS on Ca(Ⅱ)-activated feldspar was calculated.Therefore,this combination of SNOS and Ca(Ⅱ)is a promising reagent scheme for the efficient recovery of lithium from aluminosilicate ore.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(22105118)Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Provinces(ZR2021QB095)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0183 and 2021M701979).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273079)。
文摘Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two properties of SA,hydrophilicity and gelation,seem to be paradoxical.In this study,to explore the mechanism behind these paradoxical properties,the single-chain behaviors of SA in various liquid environments have been investigated by using single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS).In nonpolar solvents such as nonane,SA exhibits its single-chain inherent elasticity consistent with the theoretical elasticity derived from quantum mechanical(QM)calculations.Notably,the experimental curve of SA obtained in water shows a long plateau in the low force region.Further research reveals that this phenomenon is driven by the hydrophobic effect.Additionally,SA shows greater rigidity than its inherent elasticity in the middle and high force regions due to electrostatic repulsion between carboxylate groups on adjacent sugar rings.Comparative single-molecule studies suggest that SA exhibits considerable hydrophobicity,offering new insights into the gelation process in water.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010611)the State Key Project of International Cooperation Research(2023YFE0201100)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(“111”plan),and the High-Level Discipline Program of Shandong Province of China.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.
基金Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2E33270National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2020M3H4A3081889。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805018)by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022ZHCG0018,2023NSFSC0117 and 2023ZHCG0060)Yibin Science and Technology Program(No.2022JB005)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722704).
文摘Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075034,22178037,and 22478047)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-303)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No 202008210171).
文摘Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
文摘In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.
基金supported by the NSFC (42374204, 42004143,42364012)the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.YSBR-018)+3 种基金the Scientific Projects of Hainan Province(KJRC2023C05, ZDYF2021GXJS040)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Provincethe Chinese Meridian ProjectPandeng Program of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 22350410379)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ23B030003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-202400075)Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang Province.
文摘Separator modification is an effective approach to suppress dendrite growth to realize high-energy sodium metal batteries(SMBs)in practical applications,however,its success is mainly subject to surface modification.Herein,a separator with multifunctional layers composed of N-doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres(HCS)as the inner layer and sodium fluoride(NaF)as the outer layer on commercial polypropylene separator(PP)is proposed(PP@HCS-NaF)to achieve stable cycling in SMB.At the molecular level,the inner HCS layer with a high content of pyrrolic-N induces the uniform Na^(+)flux as a potential Na^(+)redistributor for homogenous deposition,whereas its hollow mesoporous structure offers nanoporous buffers and ion channels to regulate Na^(+)ion distribution and uniform deposition.The outer layer(NaF)constructs the NaF-enriched robust solid electrolyte interphase layer,significantly lowering the Na^(+)ions diffusion barrier.Benefiting from these merits,higher electrochemical performances are achieved with multifunctional double-layered PP@HCS-NaF separators compared with single-layered separators(i.e.PP@HCS or PP@NaF)in SMBs.The Na‖Cu half-cell with PP@HCS-NaF offers stable cycling(280 cycles)with a high CE(99.6%),and Na‖Na symmetric cells demonstrate extended lifespans for over 6000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)with a progressively stable overpotential of 9 mV.Remarkably,in Na‖NVP full-cells,the PP@HCS-NaF separator grants a stable capacity of~81 mA h g^(-1)after 3500 cycles at 1 C and an impressive rate capability performance(~70 mA h g^(-1)at 15 C).
基金supported by the Battery Energy Storage Testing Center of Chongqing through their provision of testing support and technical assistance。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072217,22179071,51772169,and 52104313)+3 种基金the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFB618 and 2024AFB993)the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(2022CFA020)the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(2022CFD034)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(2019AAA164)。
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries be-cause of the similar properties of Li and Na as well as the abundance and accessibility of sodium resources.The devel-opment of anode materials with a high capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cycle life is the key to the indus-trialization of SIBs.Biomass-derived carbon(BDC)anode materials synthesized from resource-rich,low-cost,and re-newable biomass have been extensively researched and their excellent sodium storage performance has been proven,making them the most promising new low-cost and high-performance anode material for SIBs.This review first intro-duces the sources of BDCs,including waste biomass such as plants,animals,and microorganisms,and then describes sev-eral methods for preparing BDC anode materials,including carbonization,chemical activation,and template methods.The storage mechanism and kinetic process of Na^(+)in BDCs are then considered as well as their structure control.The electrochemical properties of sodium-ion storage in BDCs with different structures are examined,and suggestions for future re-search are made.
