A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viabl...A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.T...In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.展开更多
The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as we...The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.展开更多
The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a disp...The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.展开更多
Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to ...Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits t...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.展开更多
Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reacti...Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.展开更多
The in-depth study of the transport properties of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)is crucial for the development of ultra-high-rate,and long lifespan sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,there remains a lack of theo...The in-depth study of the transport properties of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)is crucial for the development of ultra-high-rate,and long lifespan sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,there remains a lack of theoretical investigation into the transport mechanisms of the main inorganic components of the SEI,namely Na F,Na_(2)O,and Na_(2)CO_(3).To address this research gap,we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations in this work to study the diffusion mechanisms of sodium ions in these inorganic components of the SEI,with special emphasis on the impact of the amorphous SEI environment on the diffusion behavior of sodium ions.The results have shown that amorphous SEI components significantly enhance the diffusion rate of sodium ions at room temperature compared to crystalline components.Within these amorphous SEI components,we reveal that the diffusion coefficients of sodium ions in amorphous Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)are more than an order of magnitude higher than that of Na F,suggesting that amorphous Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)are more effective in facilitating the Na ion diffusion.Analysis of the local atomic structure indicates that the amorphous local structures are dominant in Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)at room temperature,maintaining a disordered amorphous phase.In contrast,amorphous Na F undergoes a spontaneously transformation into an ordered structure,exhibiting crystalline characteristics that restrict the diffusion of sodium ions.In summary,our work provides atomic insights into the impact of local amorphous environments on Na ion diffusion in SEI and suggests that amorphous SEI components play a critical role in improving battery performance.展开更多
Layered sodium trititanate(Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7),NTO)is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)for large-scale energy storage applications because of its relatively low charge potential and low cost.Howe...Layered sodium trititanate(Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7),NTO)is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)for large-scale energy storage applications because of its relatively low charge potential and low cost.However,NTO suffers from unsatisfactory structural stability against cycling and poor electron conductivity.Herein,an isovalent doping strategy using Sn^(4+)to partially replace Ti^(4+)is demonstrated for improving the cycling stability and rate capability of NTO.The isovalent doping of Sn^(4+)does not alter the valence state of Ti^(4+),thus maintaining the lattice integrality and structural stability.Moreover,the Sn^(4+)dopant creates more Na^(+)-preferable travel channels and expands the interlayer spacing,thus increasing Na^(+)diffusivity.As a result,a Sn^(4+)-doped Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_7(NSTO)electrode exhibits a reversible Na^(+)storage specific capacity of 176 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1C and an ultra-long cycling life with 80.2%capacity retention after5000 cycles at 1C,far outperforming the undoped and aliovalent-doping NTO electrodes reported in the literature.In addition,the NSTO electrode delivers a rate capability of 102 mA h g^(-1)at 5C,higher than that of the NTO electrode(62 mA h g^(-1)).In situ X-ray diffraction characterization results reveal that Na^(+)storage in NSTO undergoes a partial solid-solution reaction mechanism,which is completely different from the two-phase transition mechanism of NTO.Density functional theory calculation results demonstrate that Sn^(4+)doping strengthens the Ti-O bond,contributing to structural stability.This work provides a robust approach to significantly improving the electrochemical performance of NTO-based anode materials for developing long-life NIBs.展开更多
For large-scale energy storage devices,all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been revered for the abundant resources,low cost,safety performance and a wide operating temperature range.Na-ion solid-state elect...For large-scale energy storage devices,all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been revered for the abundant resources,low cost,safety performance and a wide operating temperature range.Na-ion solid-state electrolytes(Na-ion SSEs)are the critical parts and mostly determine the electrochemical performance of SIBs.Among the studied ones,inorganic Na-ion SSEs stand out for their good safety performance and high ionic conductivity.In this review,we outline the research progress of inorganic SSEs in SIBs based on the perspectives of crystal structure,performance optimization,synthesis methods,allsolid-state SIBs,interface modification and related characterization techniques.We hope to provide some ideas for the design of future high-performance Na-ion SSEs.展开更多
The controversies about the mechanism of sodium storage in hard carbon(HC)hinder its rational structural design.A series of porous HC materials using coal tar pitch show a reversible capacity of 377 mAh g^(−1) and an ...The controversies about the mechanism of sodium storage in hard carbon(HC)hinder its rational structural design.A series of porous HC materials using coal tar pitch show a reversible capacity of 377 mAh g^(−1) and an initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of 87%as well as excellent cycling performance.More attention is paid to exploration of the relationships between the sodium status on various storage sites at different sodiation states and the ICE by solidstate^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The adsorbed Na ions contribute the most to the irreversible capacity.The de-solvated Na ions entering the closed pores are reduced to Na atoms and aggregated to Na clusters.Also,this process contributes the most to the reversible capacity and is characteristic of a long plateau in the voltage profile.Intercalation is partially reversible;it is the main source of capacity for slope-type HCs but plays a minor role in the reversible capacity of plateau-type HCs.Therefore,increasing the content of the closed pores can improve the reversible plateau capacity and reducing the open mesopores of HC increases the ICE.These findings provide insights into the structural design and cost-efficient preparation of high-performance HC anode materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kineti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.展开更多
Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has ...With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.展开更多
Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessf...Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hamp...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.展开更多
Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+d...Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.展开更多
The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics ...The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed by integrating digital image correlation(DIC)technology into the testing apparatus.The evolution law of the uniaxial compression strength(UCS),the failure strain,and the formation of the shear band of the frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil were analyzed.The test results show that within the scope of this study,with the increase of salt content,both the UCS and the shear band angle initially decrease with increasing salt content before showing an increase.In contrast,the failure strain and the width of the shear band exhibit an initial increase followed by a decrease in the samples.In addition,to investigate the brittle failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,two classic brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level for the soil samples.The findings suggest that the failure characteristics under all test conditions in this study belong to the transition stage between brittle and ductile,indicating that frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil exhibits certain brittle behavior under uniaxial compression conditions,and the brittleness index basically decreases and then increases with the rise in salt content.展开更多
基金grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472247,52172229,21401145)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.104972024KFYjc0079).
文摘A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.
文摘In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application(Grant No.ZDSYS20220527171407017).
文摘The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3501103)Guiding Local Funding Projects for Scientific and Technological Development by Central Government in Hebei(216Z1402G)Youth Fund of GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.
文摘The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.
文摘Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109079)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973008)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179010)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2400200)Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.tsqnz20231212)。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279069,22179067,22478211 and 22372017)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD10)。
文摘Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.
基金Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2E33270National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2020M3H4A3081889。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly characteristics.However,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical applications.Employing cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active material.In this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal structure.This results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room temperature.Furthermore,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the pristine.Overall,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO cathode.This study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFE0113800)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY23E020010)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20174 and 52225208)the funding from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743098)。
文摘The in-depth study of the transport properties of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)is crucial for the development of ultra-high-rate,and long lifespan sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,there remains a lack of theoretical investigation into the transport mechanisms of the main inorganic components of the SEI,namely Na F,Na_(2)O,and Na_(2)CO_(3).To address this research gap,we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations in this work to study the diffusion mechanisms of sodium ions in these inorganic components of the SEI,with special emphasis on the impact of the amorphous SEI environment on the diffusion behavior of sodium ions.The results have shown that amorphous SEI components significantly enhance the diffusion rate of sodium ions at room temperature compared to crystalline components.Within these amorphous SEI components,we reveal that the diffusion coefficients of sodium ions in amorphous Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)are more than an order of magnitude higher than that of Na F,suggesting that amorphous Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)are more effective in facilitating the Na ion diffusion.Analysis of the local atomic structure indicates that the amorphous local structures are dominant in Na_(2)O and Na_(2)CO_(3)at room temperature,maintaining a disordered amorphous phase.In contrast,amorphous Na F undergoes a spontaneously transformation into an ordered structure,exhibiting crystalline characteristics that restrict the diffusion of sodium ions.In summary,our work provides atomic insights into the impact of local amorphous environments on Na ion diffusion in SEI and suggests that amorphous SEI components play a critical role in improving battery performance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB025 and ZR2021QF070)the Start-up Foundation of Qingdao University(DC2000005025)。
文摘Layered sodium trititanate(Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7),NTO)is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)for large-scale energy storage applications because of its relatively low charge potential and low cost.However,NTO suffers from unsatisfactory structural stability against cycling and poor electron conductivity.Herein,an isovalent doping strategy using Sn^(4+)to partially replace Ti^(4+)is demonstrated for improving the cycling stability and rate capability of NTO.The isovalent doping of Sn^(4+)does not alter the valence state of Ti^(4+),thus maintaining the lattice integrality and structural stability.Moreover,the Sn^(4+)dopant creates more Na^(+)-preferable travel channels and expands the interlayer spacing,thus increasing Na^(+)diffusivity.As a result,a Sn^(4+)-doped Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_7(NSTO)electrode exhibits a reversible Na^(+)storage specific capacity of 176 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1C and an ultra-long cycling life with 80.2%capacity retention after5000 cycles at 1C,far outperforming the undoped and aliovalent-doping NTO electrodes reported in the literature.In addition,the NSTO electrode delivers a rate capability of 102 mA h g^(-1)at 5C,higher than that of the NTO electrode(62 mA h g^(-1)).In situ X-ray diffraction characterization results reveal that Na^(+)storage in NSTO undergoes a partial solid-solution reaction mechanism,which is completely different from the two-phase transition mechanism of NTO.Density functional theory calculation results demonstrate that Sn^(4+)doping strengthens the Ti-O bond,contributing to structural stability.This work provides a robust approach to significantly improving the electrochemical performance of NTO-based anode materials for developing long-life NIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175070,22293041)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2021YFB2500200,2021YFB2400300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177214)China Fujian Energy Devices Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory Open Fund(No.21C-OP202211)。
文摘For large-scale energy storage devices,all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been revered for the abundant resources,low cost,safety performance and a wide operating temperature range.Na-ion solid-state electrolytes(Na-ion SSEs)are the critical parts and mostly determine the electrochemical performance of SIBs.Among the studied ones,inorganic Na-ion SSEs stand out for their good safety performance and high ionic conductivity.In this review,we outline the research progress of inorganic SSEs in SIBs based on the perspectives of crystal structure,performance optimization,synthesis methods,allsolid-state SIBs,interface modification and related characterization techniques.We hope to provide some ideas for the design of future high-performance Na-ion SSEs.
文摘The controversies about the mechanism of sodium storage in hard carbon(HC)hinder its rational structural design.A series of porous HC materials using coal tar pitch show a reversible capacity of 377 mAh g^(−1) and an initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of 87%as well as excellent cycling performance.More attention is paid to exploration of the relationships between the sodium status on various storage sites at different sodiation states and the ICE by solidstate^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The adsorbed Na ions contribute the most to the irreversible capacity.The de-solvated Na ions entering the closed pores are reduced to Na atoms and aggregated to Na clusters.Also,this process contributes the most to the reversible capacity and is characteristic of a long plateau in the voltage profile.Intercalation is partially reversible;it is the main source of capacity for slope-type HCs but plays a minor role in the reversible capacity of plateau-type HCs.Therefore,increasing the content of the closed pores can improve the reversible plateau capacity and reducing the open mesopores of HC increases the ICE.These findings provide insights into the structural design and cost-efficient preparation of high-performance HC anode materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(22105118)Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Provinces(ZR2021QB095)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0183 and 2021M701979).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010611)the State Key Project of International Cooperation Research(2023YFE0201100)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(“111”plan),and the High-Level Discipline Program of Shandong Province of China.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption,the shortage of fossil resource,and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the development of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-based energy storage devices has become an urgent need.As the second most abundant natural polymer found in nature,lignin is mainly produced as the by-product of paper pulping and bio-refining industries.It possesses several inherent advantages,such as low-cost,high carbon content,abundant functional groups,and bio-renewable,making it an attractive candidate for the rechargeable battery material.Consequently,there has been a surge of research interest in utilizing lignin or lignin-based carbon materials as the components of lithium-ion(LIBs)or sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),including the electrode,binder,separator,and electrolyte.This review provides a comprehensive overview on the research progress of lignin-derived materials used in LIBs/SIBs,especially the application of lignin-based carbons as the anodes of LIBs/SIBs.The preparation methods and properties of lignin-derived materials with different dimensions are systemically discussed,which emphasizes on the relationship between the chemical/physical structures of lignin-derived materials and the performances of LIBs/SIBs.The current challenges and future prospects of lignin-derived materials in energy storage devices are also proposed.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075034,22178037,and 22478047)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-303)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No 202008210171).
文摘Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
基金supported by the Battery Energy Storage Testing Center of Chongqing through their provision of testing support and technical assistance。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805018)by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022ZHCG0018,2023NSFSC0117 and 2023ZHCG0060)Yibin Science and Technology Program(No.2022JB005)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722704).
文摘Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42372312,and 42172299)the Pyramid Talent Training Project of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(Grant No.JDYC20220807).
文摘The progressive failure characteristics of geomaterial are a remarkable and challenging topic in geotechnical engineering.To study the effect of salt content and temperature on the progressive failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed by integrating digital image correlation(DIC)technology into the testing apparatus.The evolution law of the uniaxial compression strength(UCS),the failure strain,and the formation of the shear band of the frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil were analyzed.The test results show that within the scope of this study,with the increase of salt content,both the UCS and the shear band angle initially decrease with increasing salt content before showing an increase.In contrast,the failure strain and the width of the shear band exhibit an initial increase followed by a decrease in the samples.In addition,to investigate the brittle failure characteristics of frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil,two classic brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level for the soil samples.The findings suggest that the failure characteristics under all test conditions in this study belong to the transition stage between brittle and ductile,indicating that frozen sodium sulfate saline sandy soil exhibits certain brittle behavior under uniaxial compression conditions,and the brittleness index basically decreases and then increases with the rise in salt content.
