Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.展开更多
The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluat...The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate ...Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate excellent kinetics and structural stability,thanks to the built-in electric field of the carbon heterostructure and its adaptability to volume changes.Yet,the carbon shell imposes a physical barrier to interfacial Na^(+)diffusion,while deep discharge induces the formation of crystalline Na_(2)S,accompanied by severe volumetric expansion and sluggish reversibility—factors that accelerate capacity fading and structural degradation.To address these challenges,a trace-level Ni doping strategy is introduced,enabling precise modulation of the composite's interlayer structure,electronic configuration,and reaction pathway.Ni incorporation expands the MoS_(2) interlayer spacing,reconstructs short-range ordered nanocrystals within a hierarchically porous network,and promotes Na^(+)diffusion by weakening interlayer van der Waals forces.Orbital hybridization between Ni-3d and Mo-4d/S-3p states enhances electronic conductivity and reduces charge transfer resistance.Critically,Ni doping enhances electron transfer from Ni to sulfur,which weakens Na–S bonds and promotes the formation of amorphous Na_(2)S,thereby suppressing crystalline Na_(2)S and enabling a reversible MoS_(2)/Na_(2)S conversion mechanism for improved structural stability and cycling performance.As a result,the optimized MoS_(2)-Ni@C anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 334 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)with 68%retention after 10,000 cycles.When assembled into a SIC device(MoS_(2)-Ni@C//AC),it achieves an energy density of 135 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 60.8 kW kg^(-1)(based on anode mass),with 76%retention over 3,000 cycles.展开更多
The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litope...The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copp...Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.展开更多
NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was i...NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.展开更多
Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic ...Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.展开更多
NASICON-type Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)materials are seen as highly promising cathode materials in the field of sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost,a solid three-dimensional skeleton and good theoretical capa...NASICON-type Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)materials are seen as highly promising cathode materials in the field of sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost,a solid three-dimensional skeleton and good theoretical capacity,as well as high ionic conductivity.Nevertheless,the problem of low intrinsic electronic conductivity and energy density has limited the practical application of the materials.To address this issue,the relevant research team has successfully achieved remarkable research results through unremitting exploration and practical innovation.In this work,the crystal structure,ion migration mechanism and sodium storage mechanism of NVP cathode materials are systematically reviewed,with a focus on summarizing the latest progress of V-site doping modification research,classifying and exploring V-site doping from the perspectives of electronic structure,lattice strain and entropy,and briefly describing the optimization mechanism of V-site doping on electrochemical performance.In addition,the challenges and prospects for the future development of NVP cathode materials are presented,which are believed to provide new thinking for the design and development of high-performance NVP cathode materials and contribute to the large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viabl...A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.T...In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.展开更多
The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as we...The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.展开更多
The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a disp...The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.展开更多
Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to ...Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.展开更多
The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modif...The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modification,and the effects of heavy metal ions on these fluorescence properties of cellulose filter paper,and uncovered the quenching mechanism of Cd^(2+)ions on its auto-fluorescence.Specifically,the Cd^(2+)ions replaced the cations in sodium lignosulfonate,which effectively inhibited the auto-fluorescence of the filter paper.The high affinity of the sulfonic acid groups of the guaiacylpropane and butylpropane units comprising the sodium lignosulfonate for Cd^(2+)ions was further confirmed by calculating the highest occupied molecular orbital—the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(HOMO–LUMO)gap(ΔE).Significantly,we developed a ratiometric fluorescent paper chip,Paper@Mn:ZnS,based on the auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper for Cd^(2+)detection.This chip not only achieved a detection limit as low as 2.09 nM but also was successfully applied to the detection of Cd^(2+)ions in actual polluted water samples.展开更多
Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the subopt...Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the suboptimal adsorption of the intermediate on Na_(x)CoO_(2) resulted in unsatisfactory activity.Herein,Na_(x)CoO_(2) flakes with varying sodium densities(x=0.6,0.7,0.9)were engineered for efficient CER.Excitingly,the optimal Na_(0.7)CoO_(2) achieves an ultralow overpotential(55.47 mV)outperforming commercial RuO_(2) at 10 mA/cm^(2),while remaining inactive toward the competing OER.Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that appropriate interlayer sodium density has optimized the d-band center level of Co atoms in Na_(x)CoO_(2),thereby weakening the strength of Co-Cl bonds.This modulation facilitates the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of Cl species(ΔG_(Cl^(*))=-0.109 eV)on the surface and kinetically accelerating Cl_2 release.This work is anticipated to elucidate the mechanism by which interlayer sodium density modifies the catalytic performance of Na_(x)CoO_(2),and present new insights for the rational design of advanced CER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits t...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.展开更多
Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reacti...Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.
基金supported by Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410163008)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(202410163042)。
文摘The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
基金supported by the Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BE2022031-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program)(52131306,52122209,52403001)+1 种基金the Project on National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2400400)the Cultivation Program for The Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing Tech University。
文摘Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate excellent kinetics and structural stability,thanks to the built-in electric field of the carbon heterostructure and its adaptability to volume changes.Yet,the carbon shell imposes a physical barrier to interfacial Na^(+)diffusion,while deep discharge induces the formation of crystalline Na_(2)S,accompanied by severe volumetric expansion and sluggish reversibility—factors that accelerate capacity fading and structural degradation.To address these challenges,a trace-level Ni doping strategy is introduced,enabling precise modulation of the composite's interlayer structure,electronic configuration,and reaction pathway.Ni incorporation expands the MoS_(2) interlayer spacing,reconstructs short-range ordered nanocrystals within a hierarchically porous network,and promotes Na^(+)diffusion by weakening interlayer van der Waals forces.Orbital hybridization between Ni-3d and Mo-4d/S-3p states enhances electronic conductivity and reduces charge transfer resistance.Critically,Ni doping enhances electron transfer from Ni to sulfur,which weakens Na–S bonds and promotes the formation of amorphous Na_(2)S,thereby suppressing crystalline Na_(2)S and enabling a reversible MoS_(2)/Na_(2)S conversion mechanism for improved structural stability and cycling performance.As a result,the optimized MoS_(2)-Ni@C anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 334 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)with 68%retention after 10,000 cycles.When assembled into a SIC device(MoS_(2)-Ni@C//AC),it achieves an energy density of 135 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 60.8 kW kg^(-1)(based on anode mass),with 76%retention over 3,000 cycles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401703)。
文摘The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171206)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B020001)the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2023R5244)。
文摘Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175089)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202103AF140006)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(Nos.202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202401AV070008)Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”,China(No.KKXY202252001)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China(No.202202AG050003)。
文摘NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473213 and No.52203261)。
文摘Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52574348)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(no.B2024501004)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.N2423013)the Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project(no.241790667A)the Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(no.22567627H).
文摘NASICON-type Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)materials are seen as highly promising cathode materials in the field of sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost,a solid three-dimensional skeleton and good theoretical capacity,as well as high ionic conductivity.Nevertheless,the problem of low intrinsic electronic conductivity and energy density has limited the practical application of the materials.To address this issue,the relevant research team has successfully achieved remarkable research results through unremitting exploration and practical innovation.In this work,the crystal structure,ion migration mechanism and sodium storage mechanism of NVP cathode materials are systematically reviewed,with a focus on summarizing the latest progress of V-site doping modification research,classifying and exploring V-site doping from the perspectives of electronic structure,lattice strain and entropy,and briefly describing the optimization mechanism of V-site doping on electrochemical performance.In addition,the challenges and prospects for the future development of NVP cathode materials are presented,which are believed to provide new thinking for the design and development of high-performance NVP cathode materials and contribute to the large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries.
基金grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472247,52172229,21401145)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.104972024KFYjc0079).
文摘A commentary on an anode-free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all-solid-state batteries is presented.First,the viable strategies for implementing anode-free configuration utilizing solid-state electrolytes are briefly reviewed.Then,the remarkable work of Meng et al.on designing an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery is elucidated.Finally,the significance of Meng’s work is discussed.
文摘In this paper,the effect of sodium laurate(SL)on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG),such as surface activity,foam,wetting,emulsification,and resistance to hard water,has been systematically investigated.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L,and the surface tension at the cmc(γcmc)was 34.95 mN/m.With the increase of SL content,the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased.When the SL content was increased,there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions.The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG,but reduced its water resistance.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application(Grant No.ZDSYS20220527171407017).
文摘The sodium-iodine(Na-I)battery exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy storage device to the lithium-ion battery.However,its development is hindered by inadequate electrical and thermal stability,as well as the dissolution and shuttling of polyiodide.In this study,we report a preparation method for melamine carbon sponge(MC)via carbonizing a commercially available kitchen sponge.It was revealed that the as-prepared MC,composed of unique self-growing carbon nanotubes,could provide both physical and chemical adsorption capabilities for intermediate polyiodides to improve the electrochemical performance of NaI.Consequently,the NaI/MC electrode effectively minimized polyiodide dissolution and reduced the electrochemical impedance.The NaI/MC cathode demonstrated a high average discharge capacity of 92.75 mAh·g^(–1)over 200 cycles while maintaining a coulombic efficiency of 94%.The research findings from our study have promising applications in Na-I batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3501103)Guiding Local Funding Projects for Scientific and Technological Development by Central Government in Hebei(216Z1402G)Youth Fund of GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.
文摘The lanthanum-cerium-based slurry(LC-slurry)is extensively utilized in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)of TFT-LCD glass substrates,optical lenses,and other glass products.Sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),as a dispersant,is commonly employed to enhance the dispersion properties of LCslurry for improved polishing performance.However,the tendency of sedimentation to form a compacted sediment layer,which is challenging to redisperse,increases storage difficulty and polishing equipment failure risk,thereby limiting its utilization in CMP.In the present study,sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na),a long-chain organic polymer,was employed to enhance the redispersibility of LC-slurry containing SHMP.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the influence of CMC-Na dosage and slurry pH on dispersibility,redispersibility and polishing performance.Additionally,an analysis was carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the effect of CMC-Na.The study demonstrates that the LC-slurry,containing 250 ppm SHMP and 500 ppm CMC-Na,exhibits excellent dispersibility and redispersibility.Further polishing tests demonstrate that compared to the LC-slurry containing only SHMP,utilizing the slurry containing both SHMP and CMC-Na at various pH for polishing thin film transistor liquid crystal display(TFT-LCD)glass substrates results in a reduction of both material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(Sa).Specifically,when adjusting the slurry to a pH range of 5-6,the MRR can reach up to 330 nm/min,which closely approximates the MRR achieved by LC-slurry containing only 250 ppm SHMP at corresponding pH values.Meanwhile,after polishing,the surface roughness of the glass substrate measures approximately 0.47 nm.
文摘Ti at the oxidation states of Ti^(3+)and Ti^(4+),was used to enhance the performance of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O by partially substituting vanadium.After doping Ti,the crystallographic volume is decreased due to the less radii of Ti^(3+/4+),and the valence of Ti is demonstrated identical to V.During sodium insertion in Ti-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O,the two discharge plateaus split into three because of the rearrangement of local redox environment.Consequently,the optimized Na_(3)V_(0.96)Ti_(0.04)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(2)O shows a specific capacity of 123 and 63 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 20C,respectively.After 350 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity is gradually reduced corresponding to a retention of 71.05%.The significantly improved performance is attributed to the rapid electrochemical kinetics,and showcases the strategy of replacing V^(3+/4+)with Ti^(3+/4+)for high-performance vanadium-based oxyfluorophosphates.
基金funded by research grants including the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1102200)the Open Project of China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center(CFC2023B-039)the Fundamental Research Fund of the Central University(GK202206038)。
文摘The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modification,and the effects of heavy metal ions on these fluorescence properties of cellulose filter paper,and uncovered the quenching mechanism of Cd^(2+)ions on its auto-fluorescence.Specifically,the Cd^(2+)ions replaced the cations in sodium lignosulfonate,which effectively inhibited the auto-fluorescence of the filter paper.The high affinity of the sulfonic acid groups of the guaiacylpropane and butylpropane units comprising the sodium lignosulfonate for Cd^(2+)ions was further confirmed by calculating the highest occupied molecular orbital—the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(HOMO–LUMO)gap(ΔE).Significantly,we developed a ratiometric fluorescent paper chip,Paper@Mn:ZnS,based on the auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper for Cd^(2+)detection.This chip not only achieved a detection limit as low as 2.09 nM but also was successfully applied to the detection of Cd^(2+)ions in actual polluted water samples.
基金jointly supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.24JR031)the Research Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials(No.SKL001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372288)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2022JQ-373)。
文摘Layered sodium cobaltate(Na_(x)CoO_(2)),characterized by CoO_(2) slabs and intralayer edge-shared CoO_6 octahedra,holds promising potential as an electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).However,the suboptimal adsorption of the intermediate on Na_(x)CoO_(2) resulted in unsatisfactory activity.Herein,Na_(x)CoO_(2) flakes with varying sodium densities(x=0.6,0.7,0.9)were engineered for efficient CER.Excitingly,the optimal Na_(0.7)CoO_(2) achieves an ultralow overpotential(55.47 mV)outperforming commercial RuO_(2) at 10 mA/cm^(2),while remaining inactive toward the competing OER.Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that appropriate interlayer sodium density has optimized the d-band center level of Co atoms in Na_(x)CoO_(2),thereby weakening the strength of Co-Cl bonds.This modulation facilitates the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of Cl species(ΔG_(Cl^(*))=-0.109 eV)on the surface and kinetically accelerating Cl_2 release.This work is anticipated to elucidate the mechanism by which interlayer sodium density modifies the catalytic performance of Na_(x)CoO_(2),and present new insights for the rational design of advanced CER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109079)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973008)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179010)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2400200)Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.tsqnz20231212)。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279069,22179067,22478211 and 22372017)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD10)。
文摘Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.
