Many previous studies have focused on youth soccer player injuries without body component analysis compared to non-athletes. Only a few studies which have investigated body components of youth soccer players, and stud...Many previous studies have focused on youth soccer player injuries without body component analysis compared to non-athletes. Only a few studies which have investigated body components of youth soccer players, and studies that look at electrical characteristics used by rheobase and chronaxie as well as body components are even scarcer. Therefore, we feel that there is a need for a study investigating objective clinical analysis of the body components (body structure and body composition) and electrical characteristics of both youth soccer players and non-athletes. Sixty subjects participated in our study, comprising of thirty youth soccer players and thirty non-athletes. The Inbody 520 was used to measure and analyze body composition and the Duo 500 was employed to measure electrical characteristics. It was observed that the soccer players showed markedly lower total impedance compared to the non-athletes. In both legs, it was particularly noted that there were significant differences between the right and left sides. The soccer players showed a higher skeletal muscle mass and lean/ideal lean × 100% compared to the non-athletes. Furthermore, the soccer players had a lower rheobase and higher chronaxie. A comparison of the genders showed a similar pattern. In this study, we were able to separate the differences in body components and electrical characteristics between the subject groups using a systemic approach. Future studies on diverse types of athletes would contribute further to the development of clinical physiotherapy and sports rehabilitation.展开更多
The authors of the original research entitled“Acute Effects of a Fatiguing Protocol on Peak Force and Rate of Force Development of the Hamstring Muscles in Soccer Players”[2]thank the authors for diligently examinin...The authors of the original research entitled“Acute Effects of a Fatiguing Protocol on Peak Force and Rate of Force Development of the Hamstring Muscles in Soccer Players”[2]thank the authors for diligently examining our manuscript and raising some key points in their letter to the Editor.展开更多
The number of scientific investigations on women＇s football specific to the topics of player characteristics and demands of the game has considerably increased in recent years due to the increased popularity of the w...The number of scientific investigations on women＇s football specific to the topics of player characteristics and demands of the game has considerably increased in recent years due to the increased popularity of the women＇s game worldwide, although they are not yet as numerous as in the case of men＇s football. To date, only two scientific publications have attempted to review the main findings of studies published in this area. However, one of them was published about 20 years ago, when women＇s football was still in its infancy and there were only a few studies to report on. The other review was more recent. Nonetheless, its main focus was on the game and training demands of senior elite female players. Thus, information on female footballers of lower competitive levels and younger age groups was not included. Consequently, an updated review is needed in this area. The present article therefore aims to provide an overview of a series of studies that have been published so far on the specific characteristics of female football players and the demands of match-play. Mean values reported in the literature for age （12-27 years）, body height （155-174 cm）, body mass （48-72 kg）, percent body fat （13%-29%）, maximal oxygen uptake （45.1-55.5 mL/kg/min）, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level l （780-1379 m）, maximum heart rate （189-202 bpm）, 30 m sprint times （4.34-4.96 s）, and counter- movement jump or vertical jump （28-50 cm） vary mostly according to the players＇ competitive level and positional role. There are also some special considerations that coaches and other practitioners should he aware of when working with female athletes such as the menstrual cycle, potential pregnancy and lactation, common injury risks （particularly knee and head injuries） and health concerns （e.g., female athlete triad, iron deficiency, and anemia） that may affect players＇ football performance, health or return to play. Reported mean values for total distance covered （4-13 km）, distance covered at high-speed （0.2-1.7 km）, average/peak heart rate （74%-87%/94%-99% HRmax）, average/peak oxygen uptake （52%-77%/96%-98% VO2max）, and blood lactate （2.2-7.3 mmol/L） during women＇s football match-play vary according to the players＇ competitive level and positional role. Methodological differences may account for the discrepancy of the reported values as well. Finally, this review also aims to identify literature gaps that require further scientific research in women＇s football and to derive a few practical recom-mendations. The information presented in this report provides an objective point of reference about player characteristics and game demands at various levels of women＇s football, which can help coaches and sport scientists to design more effective training programs and science-based strategies for the further improvement of players＇ football performance, health, game standards, and positive image of this sport.展开更多
目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Pow...目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Powermax)恒定负荷力竭骑行后,以平衡抵消法接受2 mA tDCS正极刺激左侧PMd 10 min和伪刺激,随后进行视觉搜索任务、预测足球突破过人任务和预测足球罚点球任务测试。结果:足球运动员疲劳后,进行tDCS正极刺激的视觉搜索任务反应时在3(P=0.039)和6(P=0.017)数量型与伪刺激相比显著降低,预测足球突破过人任务的准确率在240 ms条件与伪刺激相比显著增高(P<0.001)。但是视觉搜索任务准确性、预测足球突破过人任务的反应时以及预测足球罚点球任务的准确性和反应时在tDCS正极刺激条件和伪刺激条件之间没有显著差异。结论:tDCS正极干预左侧PMd 10 min能够有效改善高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后的知觉预测表现。tDCS可以作为有效工具在足球运动员运动训练和比赛中用以缓解疲劳造成的知觉预测能力下降。展开更多
文摘Many previous studies have focused on youth soccer player injuries without body component analysis compared to non-athletes. Only a few studies which have investigated body components of youth soccer players, and studies that look at electrical characteristics used by rheobase and chronaxie as well as body components are even scarcer. Therefore, we feel that there is a need for a study investigating objective clinical analysis of the body components (body structure and body composition) and electrical characteristics of both youth soccer players and non-athletes. Sixty subjects participated in our study, comprising of thirty youth soccer players and thirty non-athletes. The Inbody 520 was used to measure and analyze body composition and the Duo 500 was employed to measure electrical characteristics. It was observed that the soccer players showed markedly lower total impedance compared to the non-athletes. In both legs, it was particularly noted that there were significant differences between the right and left sides. The soccer players showed a higher skeletal muscle mass and lean/ideal lean × 100% compared to the non-athletes. Furthermore, the soccer players had a lower rheobase and higher chronaxie. A comparison of the genders showed a similar pattern. In this study, we were able to separate the differences in body components and electrical characteristics between the subject groups using a systemic approach. Future studies on diverse types of athletes would contribute further to the development of clinical physiotherapy and sports rehabilitation.
文摘The authors of the original research entitled“Acute Effects of a Fatiguing Protocol on Peak Force and Rate of Force Development of the Hamstring Muscles in Soccer Players”[2]thank the authors for diligently examining our manuscript and raising some key points in their letter to the Editor.
文摘The number of scientific investigations on women＇s football specific to the topics of player characteristics and demands of the game has considerably increased in recent years due to the increased popularity of the women＇s game worldwide, although they are not yet as numerous as in the case of men＇s football. To date, only two scientific publications have attempted to review the main findings of studies published in this area. However, one of them was published about 20 years ago, when women＇s football was still in its infancy and there were only a few studies to report on. The other review was more recent. Nonetheless, its main focus was on the game and training demands of senior elite female players. Thus, information on female footballers of lower competitive levels and younger age groups was not included. Consequently, an updated review is needed in this area. The present article therefore aims to provide an overview of a series of studies that have been published so far on the specific characteristics of female football players and the demands of match-play. Mean values reported in the literature for age （12-27 years）, body height （155-174 cm）, body mass （48-72 kg）, percent body fat （13%-29%）, maximal oxygen uptake （45.1-55.5 mL/kg/min）, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level l （780-1379 m）, maximum heart rate （189-202 bpm）, 30 m sprint times （4.34-4.96 s）, and counter- movement jump or vertical jump （28-50 cm） vary mostly according to the players＇ competitive level and positional role. There are also some special considerations that coaches and other practitioners should he aware of when working with female athletes such as the menstrual cycle, potential pregnancy and lactation, common injury risks （particularly knee and head injuries） and health concerns （e.g., female athlete triad, iron deficiency, and anemia） that may affect players＇ football performance, health or return to play. Reported mean values for total distance covered （4-13 km）, distance covered at high-speed （0.2-1.7 km）, average/peak heart rate （74%-87%/94%-99% HRmax）, average/peak oxygen uptake （52%-77%/96%-98% VO2max）, and blood lactate （2.2-7.3 mmol/L） during women＇s football match-play vary according to the players＇ competitive level and positional role. Methodological differences may account for the discrepancy of the reported values as well. Finally, this review also aims to identify literature gaps that require further scientific research in women＇s football and to derive a few practical recom-mendations. The information presented in this report provides an objective point of reference about player characteristics and game demands at various levels of women＇s football, which can help coaches and sport scientists to design more effective training programs and science-based strategies for the further improvement of players＇ football performance, health, game standards, and positive image of this sport.
文摘目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Powermax)恒定负荷力竭骑行后,以平衡抵消法接受2 mA tDCS正极刺激左侧PMd 10 min和伪刺激,随后进行视觉搜索任务、预测足球突破过人任务和预测足球罚点球任务测试。结果:足球运动员疲劳后,进行tDCS正极刺激的视觉搜索任务反应时在3(P=0.039)和6(P=0.017)数量型与伪刺激相比显著降低,预测足球突破过人任务的准确率在240 ms条件与伪刺激相比显著增高(P<0.001)。但是视觉搜索任务准确性、预测足球突破过人任务的反应时以及预测足球罚点球任务的准确性和反应时在tDCS正极刺激条件和伪刺激条件之间没有显著差异。结论:tDCS正极干预左侧PMd 10 min能够有效改善高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后的知觉预测表现。tDCS可以作为有效工具在足球运动员运动训练和比赛中用以缓解疲劳造成的知觉预测能力下降。
