Late payment,and indeed no payment,is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long.Recent development in blockchain technology,particularly its smart contract,seems to p...Late payment,and indeed no payment,is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long.Recent development in blockchain technology,particularly its smart contract,seems to provide a new opportunity to improve this old problem.However,this opportunity is largely unexploited.This study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract(BBSC)system for smart payment in the construction industry by focusing on the fundamental cycle of payment freezing(sometimes also synonymously called payment guarantees)and disbursement application.Firstly,a BBSC framework,containing three processes of(a)initiation and configuration,(b)payment freezing,and(c)disbursement application,is developed.Next,based on the framework,the system architecture of the BBSC system,containing three layers of(1)Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS),(2)Blockchain as a Service(BaaS),and(3)Software as a Service(SaaS)is proposed and elaborated.Finally,based on the system architecture,a BBSC prototype system is developed using a real-life modular construction project as a case study.It was found that the prototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment,thereby enabling smart payment in construction transactions.Without advocating radical changes(e.g.,the contractual relationships or the intermediate role of banks in modem construction projects),the prototype can be developed into a real-life BBSC system that can work compatibly with current advancements in the field.Future works are recommended to fine-tune the findings and translate and implement them in real-life applications.展开更多
Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and bu...Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and building of such a system by using a special taximeter with new features and also one or more card reader can be fixed into the taxi. Payment is with the smart credit card and from the client's account. The information of presented services is stored in the system and will be recorded as offered services. The driver can have access to taxi organization or some special terminals electronically to see his account and also he can receive a receipt.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)with the Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF)(Grant No.ITP/029/20LP).
文摘Late payment,and indeed no payment,is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long.Recent development in blockchain technology,particularly its smart contract,seems to provide a new opportunity to improve this old problem.However,this opportunity is largely unexploited.This study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract(BBSC)system for smart payment in the construction industry by focusing on the fundamental cycle of payment freezing(sometimes also synonymously called payment guarantees)and disbursement application.Firstly,a BBSC framework,containing three processes of(a)initiation and configuration,(b)payment freezing,and(c)disbursement application,is developed.Next,based on the framework,the system architecture of the BBSC system,containing three layers of(1)Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS),(2)Blockchain as a Service(BaaS),and(3)Software as a Service(SaaS)is proposed and elaborated.Finally,based on the system architecture,a BBSC prototype system is developed using a real-life modular construction project as a case study.It was found that the prototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment,thereby enabling smart payment in construction transactions.Without advocating radical changes(e.g.,the contractual relationships or the intermediate role of banks in modem construction projects),the prototype can be developed into a real-life BBSC system that can work compatibly with current advancements in the field.Future works are recommended to fine-tune the findings and translate and implement them in real-life applications.
文摘Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and building of such a system by using a special taximeter with new features and also one or more card reader can be fixed into the taxi. Payment is with the smart credit card and from the client's account. The information of presented services is stored in the system and will be recorded as offered services. The driver can have access to taxi organization or some special terminals electronically to see his account and also he can receive a receipt.
