Smart materials,especially shape memory composites and 4D printing materials,are widely used in aerospace.Deflectors are essential equipment in wind tunnel construction.Classical deflectors are made of metal materials...Smart materials,especially shape memory composites and 4D printing materials,are widely used in aerospace.Deflectors are essential equipment in wind tunnel construction.Classical deflectors are made of metal materials and have a relatively high structural weight.The deflector made of smart material has the advantage of being lighter in weight compared to classical structure,and it could change the bending angle of the deflector structure under external excitation.In this study,the corresponding mechanical property test and finite element simulation of the smart material are carried out,and the deflector made of smart material is further studied and analyzed.Maxwell viscoelasticity model for the material is established,and relevant parameters are obtained through stress relaxation test fitting.According to relevant parameters and literature,finite element simulation of intelligent deflector structure is carried out.The pressure loss coefficient,airflow deflection angle,and velocity uniformity are studied.The numerical model of the minimum pressure loss coefficient is established with reference to the relevant data,and the formula for calculating the optimal upwind radius of the deflector is obtained.Combined with the numerical simulation results of the flow deflection angle and velocity uniformity of the flow field,it provides a reference for the selection of the size of the deflector.展开更多
In recent years,the new energy storage system,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted much attention.In order to meet the demand of industrial progress for longer cycle life,higher energy density and cost ef...In recent years,the new energy storage system,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted much attention.In order to meet the demand of industrial progress for longer cycle life,higher energy density and cost efficiency,a quantity of research has been conducted on the commercial application of LIBs.However,it is difficult to achieve satisfying safety and cycling performance simultaneously.There may be thermal runaway(TR),external impact,overcharge and overdischarge in the process of battery abuse,which makes the safety problem of LIBs more prominent.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the smart safety materials design towards the goal of preventing TR of LIBs reversibly from different abuse conditions.Benefiting from smart responsive materials and novel structural design,the safety of LIBs can be improved a lot.We expect to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of smart and safe lithium-based battery materials.展开更多
The discipline of damage tolerance assessment has experienced significant advancements due to the emergence of smart materials and self-repairable structures.This review offers a comprehensive look into both tradition...The discipline of damage tolerance assessment has experienced significant advancements due to the emergence of smart materials and self-repairable structures.This review offers a comprehensive look into both traditional and innovative methodologies employed in damage tolerance assessment.After a detailed exploration of damage tolerance concepts and their historical progression,the review juxtaposes the proven techniques of damage assessment with the cutting-edge innovations brought about by smart materials and self-repairable structures.The subsequent sections delve into the synergistic integration of smart materials with self-repairable structures,marking a pivotal stride in damage tolerance by establishing an autonomous system for immediate damage identification and self-repair.This holistic approach broadens the applicability of these technologies across diverse sectors yet brings forth unique challenges demanding further innovation and research.Additionally,the review examines future prospects that combine advanced manufacturing processes with data-centric methodologies,amplifying the capabilities of these‘intelligent’structures.The review culminates by highlighting the transformative potential of this union between smart materials and self-repairable structures,promoting a sustainable and efficient engineering paradigm.展开更多
With the advance of smart material science,robotics is evolving from rigid robots to soft robots.Compared to rigid robots,soft robots can safely interact with the environment,easily navigate in unstructured fields,and...With the advance of smart material science,robotics is evolving from rigid robots to soft robots.Compared to rigid robots,soft robots can safely interact with the environment,easily navigate in unstructured fields,and be minimized to operate in narrow spaces,owning to the new actuation and sensing technologies developed by the smart materials.In the review,different actuation and sensing technologies based on different smart materials are analyzed and summarized.According to the driving or feedback signals,actuators are categorized into electrically responsive actuators,thermally responsive actuators,magnetically responsive actuators,and photoresponsive actuators;sensors are categorized into resistive sensors,capacitive sensors,magnetic sensors,and optical waveguide sensors.After introducing the principle and several robotic prototypes of some typical materials in each category of the actuators and sensors.The advantages and disadvantages of the actuators and sensors are compared based on the categories,and their potential applications in robotics are also presented.展开更多
Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology...Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology endows the 3D architectures with unique functionalities,which has generated excitement in diverse research fields,such as soft robotics,biomimetics,biomedical devices,and sensors.Understanding the selection of the material,architectural designs,and employed stimuli is crucial to unlocking the potential of smart customization with 4D printing.This review summarizes recent significant developments in 4D printing and establishes links between smart materials,3D printing techniques,programmable structures,diversiform stimulus,and new functionalities for multidisciplinary applications.We start by introducing the advanced features of 4D printing and the key technological roadmap for its implementation.We then place considerable emphasis on printable smart materials and structural designs,as well as general approaches to designing programmable structures.We also review stimulus designs in smart materials and their associated stimulus-responsive mechanisms.Finally,we discuss new functionalities of 4D printing for potential applications and further development directions.展开更多
The concept of self-healing that involves a built-in ability to heal in response to damage wherever and whenever it occurs in a material,analogous to the healing process in living organisms,has emerged a couple of dec...The concept of self-healing that involves a built-in ability to heal in response to damage wherever and whenever it occurs in a material,analogous to the healing process in living organisms,has emerged a couple of decades ago.Driven primarily by the demands for life-like materials and soft smart materials,therefore,the development of self-healing polymeric hydrogels has continually attracted the attention of the scientific community.Here,this review is intended to give an in-depth overview of the state-of-the-art advances in the field of self-healing polymeric hydrogels.Specifically,recently emerging trends in self-healing polymeric hydrogels are summarized,and notably,recommendations to endow these hydrogels with fascinating multi-functionalities including luminescence,conductivity/magnetism and shape memory etc are presented.To close,the current challenges and future opportunities in this field are also discussed.展开更多
Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non...Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non-contact light illumination, allow the PPHs serving as super "smart" soft materials.Herein, we briefly summarized the PPHs preparing from the integration of diverse photosensitive moieties with peptides through gelation abilities, "smart" manner and applications. Moreover, a novel type of PPHs based on intramolecular biorthogonal photo-click reaction developed by our group has been demonstrated with relative mechanism and applications.展开更多
Cellulose is a renewable biomass material and natural polymer which is abundantly available on Earth,and includes agricultural wastes,forestry residues,and woody materials.The excellent and smart characteristics of ce...Cellulose is a renewable biomass material and natural polymer which is abundantly available on Earth,and includes agricultural wastes,forestry residues,and woody materials.The excellent and smart characteristics of cellulose materials,such as lightweight,biocompatibility,biodegradability,high mechanical strength/stiffness and low thermal expansibility,have made cellulose a highpotential material for various industry applications.Cellulose has recently been discovered as a smart material in the electroactive polymers family which carries the name of cellulose-based electroactive paper(EAPap).The shear piezoelectricity in cellulose polymers is able to induce large displacement output,low actuation voltage,and low power consumption in the application of biomimetic sensors/actuators and electromechanical system.The present study provides an overview of biomass pretreatment from various lignocellulosic cellulose(LC)resources and nanocellulose production via TEMPO-mediated oxidation reaction,followed by the production of different types of EAPap versus its performance,and lastly the applications of EAPap in different areas and industries.Specifically,LC biomass consists mainly of cellulose having a small content of hemicelluloses and lignins which form a defensive inner structure against the degradation of plant cell wall.Thus,selective approaches are discussed to ensure proper extraction of cellulosic fibers from complex biomass for further minimization to nano-dimensions.In addition,a comprehensive review of the development of cellulose-based EAPap as well as fabrication,characterization,performance enhancement and applications of EAPap devices are discussed herein.展开更多
An active control methodology is presented for suppressing the vibratoryresponse of flexible redundant manipulators with bonded piezoceramic actuators and strain gagesensors. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the manip...An active control methodology is presented for suppressing the vibratoryresponse of flexible redundant manipulators with bonded piezoceramic actuators and strain gagesensors. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the manipulator is decoupled by means of the complex modetheory and the state-space expression of the controlled system is developed. Secondly, a continuouslinear quadratic regulator (LQR) state feedback controller is designed based on the minimumprinciple. Thirdly, a full-order Luenberger state observer featuring an assigned degree of stabilityis determined via the duality between control and estimation. Finally, a numerical simulation iscarried out on a planar 3R flexible redundant manipulator. The simulation results reveal that thedynamic performance of the system is improved rapidly and significantly.展开更多
In order to research the field sensing characteristic of the carbon fiber smart material, the Tikhonov regularization principle and the modified Newton-Raphson(MNR) algorithm were adopted to solve the inverse problem ...In order to research the field sensing characteristic of the carbon fiber smart material, the Tikhonov regularization principle and the modified Newton-Raphson(MNR) algorithm were adopted to solve the inverse problem of the electrical resistance tomography(ERT). An ERT system of carbon fiber smart material was developed. Field sensing characteristic was researched with the experiment. The experimental results show that the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material is highly consistent with the distribution of structural strain. High resistance zone responds to high strain area, and the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material reflects the distribution of sample strain in covering area. Monitoring by carbon fiber smart material on complicated strain status in sample field domain is realized through theoretical and experimental study.展开更多
Preisach model is widely used in modeling of smart materials. Although first order reversal curves （FORCs） have often found applications in the fields of physics and geology, they are able to serve to identify Preis...Preisach model is widely used in modeling of smart materials. Although first order reversal curves （FORCs） have often found applications in the fields of physics and geology, they are able to serve to identify Preisach model. In order to clarify the relationship between the Preisach model and the first order reversal curves, this paper is directed towards： （1） giving the reason a first order reversal curve is introduced; （2） presenting, for identifying Preisach model, two discrete methods, which are analytically based on first order reversal curves. Herein also is indicated the solution＇s uniqueness of these two identifying methods. At last, the validity of these two methods is verified by simulating a real smart actuator both methods have been applied to.展开更多
A dynamic modelling and controller design were presented for a single-link smart materials beam, a flexible beam bonded with piezoelectric actuators and sensors for better control performance. Taking into account boun...A dynamic modelling and controller design were presented for a single-link smart materials beam, a flexible beam bonded with piezoelectric actuators and sensors for better control performance. Taking into account bounded disturbances, a robust distributed controller was constructed based on the system model, which was described by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions (BCs) . Subsequently, a finite dimensional controller was further developed, and it was proven that this controller can stabilize the finite dimensional model with arbitrary number of flexible modes. Keywords Dynamic modelling - Robust distributed controller - Flexible beam - Smart material展开更多
Recent advancements in hydrogel-based flexible materials have revolutionized wound healing and monitoring strategies.These materials offer promising solutions for medical treatment and real-time diagnostics.Their rich...Recent advancements in hydrogel-based flexible materials have revolutionized wound healing and monitoring strategies.These materials offer promising solutions for medical treatment and real-time diagnostics.Their rich water content,biocompatibility,and tunable properties closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix,supporting wound regeneration.Unlike traditional wound healing materials,hydrogel-based systems address critical issues such as material stability and toxicity while integrating advanced monitoring devices.This review highlights the latest innovations in hydrogel-based wound healing materials.It focuses on flexibility,biocompatibility,and potential for integration with smart monitoring systems.The review covers design principles and fabrication techniques for hydrogel-based nanofibers,elastomers,and conducting polymers.It also discusses the development of electronic skin and innovative wound dressings.In addition,the review explains how sensing capabilities,stimuli-responsive functions,and antibacterial agents are incorporated into these materials.Finally,the article examines challenges and future directions in the field.It emphasizes the transformative potential of multifunctional hydrogel-based materials for improving wound healing and continuous monitoring.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of the intelligent era, intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices are receiving more and more attention due to their advantages in environmental self-adaption response...With the rapid advancement of the intelligent era, intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices are receiving more and more attention due to their advantages in environmental self-adaption response. Accordingly, appropriate EMI shielding materials are crucial to blocking harmful electromagnetic radiation and passing serviceable electromagnetic waves. Smart EMI shielding materials that can dynamically adjust their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) in response to specific application requirements and environmental changes are extremely advantageous in both military and civil areas. To date, materials with adjustable EMI SE for various responses have been developed. This review pays special attention to smart materials with tunable EMI SE. The design strategies, mechanism and recent progress of smart EMI shielding materials are discussed together with different stimuli responses, including compression strain, tensile strain, chemical reagent, shape memory, phase transition and crossover angle change-induced responses. The review ends up to discuss challenges and perspectives for smart EMI shielding materials.展开更多
In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water cr...In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.展开更多
Recent advances in additive manufacturing(AM),commonly known as three-dimensional(3D)-printing,have allowed researchers to create complex shapes previously impossible using traditional fabrication methods.A research b...Recent advances in additive manufacturing(AM),commonly known as three-dimensional(3D)-printing,have allowed researchers to create complex shapes previously impossible using traditional fabrication methods.A research branch that originated from 3D-printing called four-dimensional(4D)-printing involves printing with smart materials that can respond to external stimuli.4Dprinting permits the creation of on-demand dynamically controllable shapes by integrating the dimension of time.Recent achievements in synthetic smart materials,novel printers,deformation mechanism,and mathematical modeling have greatly expanded the feasibility of 4D-printing.In this paper,progress in the 4Dprinting field is reviewed with a focus on its practical applications.We discuss smart materials developed using 4D-printing with explanations of their morphing mechanisms.Additionally,case studies are presented on self-constructing structures,medical devices,and soft robotics.We conclude with challenges and future opportunities in the field of 4D-printing.展开更多
The demand for active and effective management of heat transfer is increasing in various modern application scenarios. The thermal conductivity of materials plays a key role in thermal management systems, and reversib...The demand for active and effective management of heat transfer is increasing in various modern application scenarios. The thermal conductivity of materials plays a key role in thermal management systems, and reversibly tunable thermal properties are one of the fundamental needs for materials. Thermal smart materials, whose thermal properties can be tuned with an external trigger, have attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, we provide a brief review of current research advances in thermal smart materials in recent years in terms of fundamental physical mechanisms, thermal switching ratios, and their application value. We focus on typical thermal smart materials such as nanoparticle suspensions, phase change materials, polymers, layered materials tuned by electrochemistry and other materials tuned by a specific external field. After surveying the fundamental mechanisms, we present applications of thermal smart components and devices in temperature control, thermal circuits, phonon computers, thermal metamaterials, and so on. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of thermal smart materials, as well as our predictions for future development.展开更多
Smart materials,which exhibit shape memory behavior in response to external stimuli,have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications.In this study,an energetic composite was fabricated using a UV-assisted...Smart materials,which exhibit shape memory behavior in response to external stimuli,have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications.In this study,an energetic composite was fabricated using a UV-assisted DIW 3D printing technique and a shape memory material(SMP)as the binder.This composite has the ability to reduce the impact of external factors and adjust gun propellant combustion behavior.The composition and 3D printing process were delineated,while the internal structure and shape memory performance of the composite material were studied.The energetic SMP composite exhibits an angle of reversal of 18 s at 70°,with a maximum elongation typically reaching up to 280% of the original length and a recovery length of approximately 105%during ten cycles.Additionally,thermal decomposition and combustion behavior were also demonstrated for the energetic SMP composite.展开更多
Epidermal electrophysiological monitoring has garnered significant attention for its potential in medical diagnosis and healthcare,particularly in continuous signal recording.However,simultaneously satisfying skin com...Epidermal electrophysiological monitoring has garnered significant attention for its potential in medical diagnosis and healthcare,particularly in continuous signal recording.However,simultaneously satisfying skin compliance,mechanical properties,environmental adaptation,and biocompatibility to avoid signal attenuation and motion artifacts is challenging,and accurate physiological feature extraction necessitates effective signal-processing algorithms.This review presents the latest advancements in smart electrodes for epidermal electrophysiological monitoring,focusing on materials,structures,and algorithms.First,smart materials incorporating self-adhesion,self-healing,and self-sensing functions offer promising solutions for long-term monitoring.Second,smart meso-structures,together with micro/nanostructures endowed the electrodes with self-adaption and multifunctionality.Third,intelligent algorithms give smart electrodes a“soul,”facilitating faster and more-accurate identification of required information via automatic processing of collected electrical signals.Finally,the existing challenges and future opportunities for developing smart electrodes are discussed.Recognized as a crucial direction for next-generation epidermal electrodes,intelligence holds the potential for extensive,effective,and transformative applications in the future.展开更多
The ability of organisms to adjust to environmental changes offers valuable insights into the development and creation of innovative smart systems. As requirements increase, the ability of smart materials to change th...The ability of organisms to adjust to environmental changes offers valuable insights into the development and creation of innovative smart systems. As requirements increase, the ability of smart materials to change their shapes has become a broader aim beyond their original capabilities. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing (AM) skillfully combines precise three-dimensional structures and the intricate response mechanisms of biological organisms with smart materials. This combination enables the production of smart bionic structures with programmable shapes and features. Trends such as dynamic modulation, responsive- ness to multiple stimuli, and the integration of functions are emerging as significant in the development of smart bionic structures. This review first presents smart structures that nature has designed and built in various organ- isms, highlighting the relationship between the structural characteristics and patterns of deformation. The review then discusses how smart bionic structures developed using AM techniques respond to different stimuli. Addi- tionally, the potential uses of smart bionic structures in biomedicine, intelligent robotics, origami construction, and aerospace are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for smart bionic structures are exam- ined with the goal of offering innovative solutions for creating the next generation of smart systems through interdisciplinary research.展开更多
文摘Smart materials,especially shape memory composites and 4D printing materials,are widely used in aerospace.Deflectors are essential equipment in wind tunnel construction.Classical deflectors are made of metal materials and have a relatively high structural weight.The deflector made of smart material has the advantage of being lighter in weight compared to classical structure,and it could change the bending angle of the deflector structure under external excitation.In this study,the corresponding mechanical property test and finite element simulation of the smart material are carried out,and the deflector made of smart material is further studied and analyzed.Maxwell viscoelasticity model for the material is established,and relevant parameters are obtained through stress relaxation test fitting.According to relevant parameters and literature,finite element simulation of intelligent deflector structure is carried out.The pressure loss coefficient,airflow deflection angle,and velocity uniformity are studied.The numerical model of the minimum pressure loss coefficient is established with reference to the relevant data,and the formula for calculating the optimal upwind radius of the deflector is obtained.Combined with the numerical simulation results of the flow deflection angle and velocity uniformity of the flow field,it provides a reference for the selection of the size of the deflector.
基金support by,National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB2503700 and 2023YFC3008804)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission No.Z231100006123003+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(22071133)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z220020).
文摘In recent years,the new energy storage system,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted much attention.In order to meet the demand of industrial progress for longer cycle life,higher energy density and cost efficiency,a quantity of research has been conducted on the commercial application of LIBs.However,it is difficult to achieve satisfying safety and cycling performance simultaneously.There may be thermal runaway(TR),external impact,overcharge and overdischarge in the process of battery abuse,which makes the safety problem of LIBs more prominent.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the smart safety materials design towards the goal of preventing TR of LIBs reversibly from different abuse conditions.Benefiting from smart responsive materials and novel structural design,the safety of LIBs can be improved a lot.We expect to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of smart and safe lithium-based battery materials.
文摘The discipline of damage tolerance assessment has experienced significant advancements due to the emergence of smart materials and self-repairable structures.This review offers a comprehensive look into both traditional and innovative methodologies employed in damage tolerance assessment.After a detailed exploration of damage tolerance concepts and their historical progression,the review juxtaposes the proven techniques of damage assessment with the cutting-edge innovations brought about by smart materials and self-repairable structures.The subsequent sections delve into the synergistic integration of smart materials with self-repairable structures,marking a pivotal stride in damage tolerance by establishing an autonomous system for immediate damage identification and self-repair.This holistic approach broadens the applicability of these technologies across diverse sectors yet brings forth unique challenges demanding further innovation and research.Additionally,the review examines future prospects that combine advanced manufacturing processes with data-centric methodologies,amplifying the capabilities of these‘intelligent’structures.The review culminates by highlighting the transformative potential of this union between smart materials and self-repairable structures,promoting a sustainable and efficient engineering paradigm.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB 1309800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62173197,91848206)Beijing Science&Technology Project(Grant No.Z191100008019008).
文摘With the advance of smart material science,robotics is evolving from rigid robots to soft robots.Compared to rigid robots,soft robots can safely interact with the environment,easily navigate in unstructured fields,and be minimized to operate in narrow spaces,owning to the new actuation and sensing technologies developed by the smart materials.In the review,different actuation and sensing technologies based on different smart materials are analyzed and summarized.According to the driving or feedback signals,actuators are categorized into electrically responsive actuators,thermally responsive actuators,magnetically responsive actuators,and photoresponsive actuators;sensors are categorized into resistive sensors,capacitive sensors,magnetic sensors,and optical waveguide sensors.After introducing the principle and several robotic prototypes of some typical materials in each category of the actuators and sensors.The advantages and disadvantages of the actuators and sensors are compared based on the categories,and their potential applications in robotics are also presented.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109021)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200375)Jiangsu Shuangchuang Talent Program(JSSCBS20210100)。
文摘Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology endows the 3D architectures with unique functionalities,which has generated excitement in diverse research fields,such as soft robotics,biomimetics,biomedical devices,and sensors.Understanding the selection of the material,architectural designs,and employed stimuli is crucial to unlocking the potential of smart customization with 4D printing.This review summarizes recent significant developments in 4D printing and establishes links between smart materials,3D printing techniques,programmable structures,diversiform stimulus,and new functionalities for multidisciplinary applications.We start by introducing the advanced features of 4D printing and the key technological roadmap for its implementation.We then place considerable emphasis on printable smart materials and structural designs,as well as general approaches to designing programmable structures.We also review stimulus designs in smart materials and their associated stimulus-responsive mechanisms.Finally,we discuss new functionalities of 4D printing for potential applications and further development directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773215,21774138)the Sino-German Mobility Programme(No.M-0424)+4 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH036)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2019297)Xiaoling Zuo is grateful for the financial supported by Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Provinee,China(No.[2020]1 Y209)the Overseas Talents Selection Fund of Guizhou Province,China(No.[2020]11)Fund Project of Guizhou Minzu University,China(No.GZMU[2019]YB23).
文摘The concept of self-healing that involves a built-in ability to heal in response to damage wherever and whenever it occurs in a material,analogous to the healing process in living organisms,has emerged a couple of decades ago.Driven primarily by the demands for life-like materials and soft smart materials,therefore,the development of self-healing polymeric hydrogels has continually attracted the attention of the scientific community.Here,this review is intended to give an in-depth overview of the state-of-the-art advances in the field of self-healing polymeric hydrogels.Specifically,recently emerging trends in self-healing polymeric hydrogels are summarized,and notably,recommendations to endow these hydrogels with fascinating multi-functionalities including luminescence,conductivity/magnetism and shape memory etc are presented.To close,the current challenges and future opportunities in this field are also discussed.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21572102, 21672103,21302093)the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding the research work through ISPP#0101
文摘Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non-contact light illumination, allow the PPHs serving as super "smart" soft materials.Herein, we briefly summarized the PPHs preparing from the integration of diverse photosensitive moieties with peptides through gelation abilities, "smart" manner and applications. Moreover, a novel type of PPHs based on intramolecular biorthogonal photo-click reaction developed by our group has been demonstrated with relative mechanism and applications.
文摘Cellulose is a renewable biomass material and natural polymer which is abundantly available on Earth,and includes agricultural wastes,forestry residues,and woody materials.The excellent and smart characteristics of cellulose materials,such as lightweight,biocompatibility,biodegradability,high mechanical strength/stiffness and low thermal expansibility,have made cellulose a highpotential material for various industry applications.Cellulose has recently been discovered as a smart material in the electroactive polymers family which carries the name of cellulose-based electroactive paper(EAPap).The shear piezoelectricity in cellulose polymers is able to induce large displacement output,low actuation voltage,and low power consumption in the application of biomimetic sensors/actuators and electromechanical system.The present study provides an overview of biomass pretreatment from various lignocellulosic cellulose(LC)resources and nanocellulose production via TEMPO-mediated oxidation reaction,followed by the production of different types of EAPap versus its performance,and lastly the applications of EAPap in different areas and industries.Specifically,LC biomass consists mainly of cellulose having a small content of hemicelluloses and lignins which form a defensive inner structure against the degradation of plant cell wall.Thus,selective approaches are discussed to ensure proper extraction of cellulosic fibers from complex biomass for further minimization to nano-dimensions.In addition,a comprehensive review of the development of cellulose-based EAPap as well as fabrication,characterization,performance enhancement and applications of EAPap devices are discussed herein.
文摘An active control methodology is presented for suppressing the vibratoryresponse of flexible redundant manipulators with bonded piezoceramic actuators and strain gagesensors. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the manipulator is decoupled by means of the complex modetheory and the state-space expression of the controlled system is developed. Secondly, a continuouslinear quadratic regulator (LQR) state feedback controller is designed based on the minimumprinciple. Thirdly, a full-order Luenberger state observer featuring an assigned degree of stabilityis determined via the duality between control and estimation. Finally, a numerical simulation iscarried out on a planar 3R flexible redundant manipulator. The simulation results reveal that thedynamic performance of the system is improved rapidly and significantly.
基金Funded by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA031306)
文摘In order to research the field sensing characteristic of the carbon fiber smart material, the Tikhonov regularization principle and the modified Newton-Raphson(MNR) algorithm were adopted to solve the inverse problem of the electrical resistance tomography(ERT). An ERT system of carbon fiber smart material was developed. Field sensing characteristic was researched with the experiment. The experimental results show that the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material is highly consistent with the distribution of structural strain. High resistance zone responds to high strain area, and the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material reflects the distribution of sample strain in covering area. Monitoring by carbon fiber smart material on complicated strain status in sample field domain is realized through theoretical and experimental study.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50674005)
文摘Preisach model is widely used in modeling of smart materials. Although first order reversal curves （FORCs） have often found applications in the fields of physics and geology, they are able to serve to identify Preisach model. In order to clarify the relationship between the Preisach model and the first order reversal curves, this paper is directed towards： （1） giving the reason a first order reversal curve is introduced; （2） presenting, for identifying Preisach model, two discrete methods, which are analytically based on first order reversal curves. Herein also is indicated the solution＇s uniqueness of these two identifying methods. At last, the validity of these two methods is verified by simulating a real smart actuator both methods have been applied to.
文摘A dynamic modelling and controller design were presented for a single-link smart materials beam, a flexible beam bonded with piezoelectric actuators and sensors for better control performance. Taking into account bounded disturbances, a robust distributed controller was constructed based on the system model, which was described by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions (BCs) . Subsequently, a finite dimensional controller was further developed, and it was proven that this controller can stabilize the finite dimensional model with arbitrary number of flexible modes. Keywords Dynamic modelling - Robust distributed controller - Flexible beam - Smart material
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(2022R1A5A8023404)the 2024 Global Joint Research Program,funded by the Pukyong National University(202412210001)U.P.acknowledges the support extended by VIEP-BUAP.
文摘Recent advancements in hydrogel-based flexible materials have revolutionized wound healing and monitoring strategies.These materials offer promising solutions for medical treatment and real-time diagnostics.Their rich water content,biocompatibility,and tunable properties closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix,supporting wound regeneration.Unlike traditional wound healing materials,hydrogel-based systems address critical issues such as material stability and toxicity while integrating advanced monitoring devices.This review highlights the latest innovations in hydrogel-based wound healing materials.It focuses on flexibility,biocompatibility,and potential for integration with smart monitoring systems.The review covers design principles and fabrication techniques for hydrogel-based nanofibers,elastomers,and conducting polymers.It also discusses the development of electronic skin and innovative wound dressings.In addition,the review explains how sensing capabilities,stimuli-responsive functions,and antibacterial agents are incorporated into these materials.Finally,the article examines challenges and future directions in the field.It emphasizes the transformative potential of multifunctional hydrogel-based materials for improving wound healing and continuous monitoring.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173264)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(No.cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0005).
文摘With the rapid advancement of the intelligent era, intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices are receiving more and more attention due to their advantages in environmental self-adaption response. Accordingly, appropriate EMI shielding materials are crucial to blocking harmful electromagnetic radiation and passing serviceable electromagnetic waves. Smart EMI shielding materials that can dynamically adjust their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) in response to specific application requirements and environmental changes are extremely advantageous in both military and civil areas. To date, materials with adjustable EMI SE for various responses have been developed. This review pays special attention to smart materials with tunable EMI SE. The design strategies, mechanism and recent progress of smart EMI shielding materials are discussed together with different stimuli responses, including compression strain, tensile strain, chemical reagent, shape memory, phase transition and crossover angle change-induced responses. The review ends up to discuss challenges and perspectives for smart EMI shielding materials.
文摘In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.
基金support from the Regents of the University of California,Berkeley.
文摘Recent advances in additive manufacturing(AM),commonly known as three-dimensional(3D)-printing,have allowed researchers to create complex shapes previously impossible using traditional fabrication methods.A research branch that originated from 3D-printing called four-dimensional(4D)-printing involves printing with smart materials that can respond to external stimuli.4Dprinting permits the creation of on-demand dynamically controllable shapes by integrating the dimension of time.Recent achievements in synthetic smart materials,novel printers,deformation mechanism,and mathematical modeling have greatly expanded the feasibility of 4D-printing.In this paper,progress in the 4Dprinting field is reviewed with a focus on its practical applications.We discuss smart materials developed using 4D-printing with explanations of their morphing mechanisms.Additionally,case studies are presented on self-constructing structures,medical devices,and soft robotics.We conclude with challenges and future opportunities in the field of 4D-printing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51825601, and U20A20301)。
文摘The demand for active and effective management of heat transfer is increasing in various modern application scenarios. The thermal conductivity of materials plays a key role in thermal management systems, and reversibly tunable thermal properties are one of the fundamental needs for materials. Thermal smart materials, whose thermal properties can be tuned with an external trigger, have attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, we provide a brief review of current research advances in thermal smart materials in recent years in terms of fundamental physical mechanisms, thermal switching ratios, and their application value. We focus on typical thermal smart materials such as nanoparticle suspensions, phase change materials, polymers, layered materials tuned by electrochemistry and other materials tuned by a specific external field. After surveying the fundamental mechanisms, we present applications of thermal smart components and devices in temperature control, thermal circuits, phonon computers, thermal metamaterials, and so on. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of thermal smart materials, as well as our predictions for future development.
文摘Smart materials,which exhibit shape memory behavior in response to external stimuli,have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications.In this study,an energetic composite was fabricated using a UV-assisted DIW 3D printing technique and a shape memory material(SMP)as the binder.This composite has the ability to reduce the impact of external factors and adjust gun propellant combustion behavior.The composition and 3D printing process were delineated,while the internal structure and shape memory performance of the composite material were studied.The energetic SMP composite exhibits an angle of reversal of 18 s at 70°,with a maximum elongation typically reaching up to 280% of the original length and a recovery length of approximately 105%during ten cycles.Additionally,thermal decomposition and combustion behavior were also demonstrated for the energetic SMP composite.
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project(Grant No.2022ZD0208601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62104056,62106041,and 62204204)+2 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.21YF1451000)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2022GY-001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.223202100019).
文摘Epidermal electrophysiological monitoring has garnered significant attention for its potential in medical diagnosis and healthcare,particularly in continuous signal recording.However,simultaneously satisfying skin compliance,mechanical properties,environmental adaptation,and biocompatibility to avoid signal attenuation and motion artifacts is challenging,and accurate physiological feature extraction necessitates effective signal-processing algorithms.This review presents the latest advancements in smart electrodes for epidermal electrophysiological monitoring,focusing on materials,structures,and algorithms.First,smart materials incorporating self-adhesion,self-healing,and self-sensing functions offer promising solutions for long-term monitoring.Second,smart meso-structures,together with micro/nanostructures endowed the electrodes with self-adaption and multifunctionality.Third,intelligent algorithms give smart electrodes a“soul,”facilitating faster and more-accurate identification of required information via automatic processing of collected electrical signals.Finally,the existing challenges and future opportunities for developing smart electrodes are discussed.Recognized as a crucial direction for next-generation epidermal electrodes,intelligence holds the potential for extensive,effective,and transformative applications in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52235006,52025053)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600500).
文摘The ability of organisms to adjust to environmental changes offers valuable insights into the development and creation of innovative smart systems. As requirements increase, the ability of smart materials to change their shapes has become a broader aim beyond their original capabilities. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing (AM) skillfully combines precise three-dimensional structures and the intricate response mechanisms of biological organisms with smart materials. This combination enables the production of smart bionic structures with programmable shapes and features. Trends such as dynamic modulation, responsive- ness to multiple stimuli, and the integration of functions are emerging as significant in the development of smart bionic structures. This review first presents smart structures that nature has designed and built in various organ- isms, highlighting the relationship between the structural characteristics and patterns of deformation. The review then discusses how smart bionic structures developed using AM techniques respond to different stimuli. Addi- tionally, the potential uses of smart bionic structures in biomedicine, intelligent robotics, origami construction, and aerospace are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for smart bionic structures are exam- ined with the goal of offering innovative solutions for creating the next generation of smart systems through interdisciplinary research.
