Two signature systems based on smart cards and fingerprint features are proposed. In one signature system, the cryptographic key is stored in the smart card and is only accessible when the signer＇s extracted fingerpr...Two signature systems based on smart cards and fingerprint features are proposed. In one signature system, the cryptographic key is stored in the smart card and is only accessible when the signer＇s extracted fingerprint features match his stored template. To resist being tampered on public channel, the user＇s message and the signed message are encrypted by the signer＇s public key and the user＇s public key, respectively. In the other signature system, the keys are generated by combining the signer＇s fingerprint features, check bits, and a rememberable key, and there are no matching process and keys stored on the smart card. Additionally, there is generally more than one public key in this system, that is, there exist some pseudo public keys except a real one.展开更多
The DAO事件后,主张突破代码即法律进行以太坊硬分叉者认为,智能合约是执行区块链民主决策机制的工具,分叉是保护财产权的自力救济,是对智能合约进行合目的性解释。反对者则坚持代码即法律,认为分叉有悖于去中心化理念,而宽容代码漏洞...The DAO事件后,主张突破代码即法律进行以太坊硬分叉者认为,智能合约是执行区块链民主决策机制的工具,分叉是保护财产权的自力救济,是对智能合约进行合目的性解释。反对者则坚持代码即法律,认为分叉有悖于去中心化理念,而宽容代码漏洞属于法律容错性在智能合约治理中的体现,且分叉并未真正挽回投资者损失。智能合约代码之治的两种观点分别代表了相应的应用场景,以太坊后续发展则是融合两者之后的新范式。代码即法律适用于不可逆自动执行类智能合约,用于规范数字资产等不可逆交易,其形式上等同于附条件生效合同,代码部分取代了主体资格、情势变更、合约履行程度等法律规则。主张突破代码即法律者,实际上指向电子合同类智能合约,其本质是登记在区块链上的书面合同。以太坊分叉衍生出了可拓展型智能合约,以新的代码治理范式弥合了双方冲突:信奉代码即法律者延续以太经典链,反对者则迁移至新链,双方继续共享分叉前形成的生态系统,且均获得新旧两种代币。此范式改变了合同履行,以代码治理的形式化解了传统财产法理论中民主与自由的结构性矛盾。展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (60763009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2005038041)Hainan Natural Science Foundation (80528).
文摘Two signature systems based on smart cards and fingerprint features are proposed. In one signature system, the cryptographic key is stored in the smart card and is only accessible when the signer＇s extracted fingerprint features match his stored template. To resist being tampered on public channel, the user＇s message and the signed message are encrypted by the signer＇s public key and the user＇s public key, respectively. In the other signature system, the keys are generated by combining the signer＇s fingerprint features, check bits, and a rememberable key, and there are no matching process and keys stored on the smart card. Additionally, there is generally more than one public key in this system, that is, there exist some pseudo public keys except a real one.
