Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-toler...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-tolerant (SDT) traffic, we design a dynamic switching strategy based on a traffic-Qo S-aware soft slicing (TQASS) scheme and a resource-efficiency-aware soft slicing (REASS) scheme.展开更多
A decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)constitutes a pivotal biomaterial created by decellularizing the natural extracellular matrix(ECM).This material serves as a supportive medium for intricate cellular interact...A decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)constitutes a pivotal biomaterial created by decellularizing the natural extracellular matrix(ECM).This material serves as a supportive medium for intricate cellular interactions,fostering cell growth,differentiation,and organization.However,challenges persist in decellularization,necessitating a balance between preserving the ECM structural integrity and achieving effective cellular removal.An approach to enhancing decellularization involves pre-eliminating unnecessary tissues and effectively reducing final DNA levels to lower than 50 ng/mg ECM on preprocessed tissues.Although this strategic step augments decellularization efficiency,the current manual execution method depends on the operator’s skill.To address this limitation,this study proposed an automated raw tissue slicing system that does not require tissue preparation for slicing.Through carefully controlled tissue applanation pressure and oscillatory incisions with optimized parameters,the system achieved a precision within±10µm in obtaining submillimeter-scale tissue slices of the porcine cornea while avoiding significant microscopic complications in the tissue structure,as observed by tissue histology.These findings suggested the system’s capability to streamline and automate preliminary tissue slicing operations.The efficacy of this approach for decellularization was validated by processing porcine corneas using the proposed system and subsequently decellularizing the processed tissues.DNA level analysis revealed that sliced,subdivided tissues created by this system could expedite DNA reduction even at the initial steps of decellularization,enhancing the overall decellularization procedure.展开更多
This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method u...This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method utilizes an ensemble of encoder components from multiple autoencoders to compress and extract latent representations from high-dimensional traffic data.These representations are then used as input for a support vector machine(SVM)-based metadata classifier,enabling precise detection of attack traffic.This architecture is designed to achieve both high detection accuracy and training efficiency,while adapting flexibly to the diverse service requirements and complexity of 5G network slicing.The model was evaluated using the DDoS Datasets 2022,collected in a simulated 5G slicing environment.Experiments were conducted under both class-balanced and class-imbalanced conditions.In the balanced setting,the model achieved an accuracy of 89.33%,an F1-score of 88.23%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 89.45%.In the imbalanced setting(attack:normal 7:3),the model maintained strong robustness,=achieving a recall of 100%and an F1-score of 90.91%,demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse real-world scenarios.Compared to existing AI-based detection methods,the proposed model showed higher precision,better handling of class imbalance,and strong generalization performance.Moreover,its modular structure is well-suited for deployment in containerized network function(NF)environments,making it a practical solution for real-world 5G infrastructure.These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach to enhance both the security and operational resilience of 5G slicing networks.展开更多
Slicing and post-treatment of SiC crystals have been a significant challenge in the integrated circuit and microelectronics industry.To compete with wire-sawing and mechanical grinding technology,a promis-ing approach...Slicing and post-treatment of SiC crystals have been a significant challenge in the integrated circuit and microelectronics industry.To compete with wire-sawing and mechanical grinding technology,a promis-ing approach combining laser slicing and laser polishing technologies has been innovatively applied to increase utilization and decrease damage defects for single crystal 4H-SiC.Significant material utiliza-tion has been achieved in the hybrid laser processes,where material loss is reduced by 75%compared to that of conventional machining technologies.Without any special process control or additional treat-ment,an internally modified layer formed by laser slicing can easily separate the 4H-SiC crystals using an external force of about∼3.6 MPa.The modified layer has been characterized using a micro-Raman method to determine residual stress.The sliced surface exhibits a combination of smooth and coarse appearances around the fluvial morphology,with an average surface roughness of over S_(a) 0.89μm.An amorphous phase surrounds the SiC substrate,with two dimensions of lattice spacing,d=0.261 nm and d=0.265 nm,confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The creation of laser-induced periodic surface nanostructures in the laser-polished surface results in a flatter surface with an average roughness of less than S_(a) 0.22μm.Due to the extreme cooling rates and multiple thermal cy-cles,dissociation of Si-C bonding,and phase separation are identified on the laser-polished surface,which is much better than that of the machining surface.We anticipate that this approach will be applicable to other high-value crystals and will have promising viability in the aerospace and semiconductor industries.展开更多
In this paper,we propose the Two-way Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-Based resource allocation algorithm,which solves the problem of resource allocation in the cognitive downlink network based on the underlay mode.Se...In this paper,we propose the Two-way Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-Based resource allocation algorithm,which solves the problem of resource allocation in the cognitive downlink network based on the underlay mode.Secondary users(SUs)in the cognitive network are multiplexed by a new Power Domain Sparse Code Multiple Access(PD-SCMA)scheme,and the physical resources of the cognitive base station are virtualized into two types of slices:enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)slice and ultrareliable low latency communication(URLLC)slice.We design the Double Deep Q Network(DDQN)network output the optimal codebook assignment scheme and simultaneously use the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)network output the optimal power allocation scheme.The objective is to jointly optimize the spectral efficiency of the system and the Quality of Service(QoS)of SUs.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the CNDDQN algorithm and modified JEERA algorithm in terms of spectral efficiency and QoS satisfaction.Additionally,compared with the Power Domain Non-orthogonal Multiple Access(PD-NOMA)slices and the Sparse Code Multiple Access(SCMA)slices,the PD-SCMA slices can dramatically enhance spectral efficiency and increase the number of accessible users.展开更多
Industrial Internet combines the industrial system with Internet connectivity to build a new manufacturing and service system covering the entire industry chain and value chain.Its highly heterogeneous network structu...Industrial Internet combines the industrial system with Internet connectivity to build a new manufacturing and service system covering the entire industry chain and value chain.Its highly heterogeneous network structure and diversified application requirements call for the applying of network slicing technology.Guaranteeing robust network slicing is essential for Industrial Internet,but it faces the challenge of complex slice topologies caused by the intricate interaction relationships among Network Functions(NFs)composing the slice.Existing works have not concerned the strengthening problem of industrial network slicing regarding its complex network properties.Towards this end,we aim to study this issue by intelligently selecting a subset of most valuable NFs with the minimum cost to satisfy the strengthening requirements.State-of-the-art AlphaGo series of algorithms and the advanced graph neural network technology are combined to build the solution.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our scheme compared to the benchmark schemes.展开更多
Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluatio...Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluation is introduced to make decision in slicing schemes for a processing part. The application in determining the slicing scheme for a computer mouse during prototyping shows that the method increases the rationality during decision- making and improves quality and efficiency for the prototyping part.展开更多
A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a pr...A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a procedure with the given labels, and then captures the callees＇ influence on callers when analyzing call statements. Phase 2 captures the callees＇ dependence on callers by replacing all given labels appearing in the corresponding sets of formal parameters. By the introduction of given labels, this slice method can obtain similar summary information in system-dependence-graph（SDG）-based algorithms for addressing the calling-context problem. With the use of the slice monad transformer, this monadic slicing approach achieves a high level of modularity and flexibility. It shows that the monadic interprocedural algorithm has less complexity and it is not less precise than SDG algorithms.展开更多
In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by re...In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by replacing them with a minimally adequate collection of their linear combinations without loss of information.Recently,regularization methods have been proposed in SIR to incorporate a sparse structure of predictors for better interpretability.However,existing methods consider convex relaxation to bypass the sparsity constraint,which may not lead to the best subset,and particularly tends to include irrelevant variables when predictors are correlated.In this study,we approach sparse SIR as a nonconvex optimization problem and directly tackle the sparsity constraint by establishing the optimal conditions and iteratively solving them by means of the splicing technique.Without employing convex relaxation on the sparsity constraint and the orthogonal constraint,our algorithm exhibits superior empirical merits,as evidenced by extensive numerical studies.Computationally,our algorithm is much faster than the relaxed approach for the natural sparse SIR estimator.Statistically,our algorithm surpasses existing methods in terms of accuracy for central subspace estimation and best subset selection and sustains high performance even with correlated predictors.展开更多
With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communic...With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communication is analyzed.In this study,5G technology features,application principles,and practical strategies are discussed,and methods such as network slicing,customized deployment,edge computing collaborative application,communication equipment integration and upgrading,and multi-technology collaboration and complementation are proposed.It aims to effectively improve the efficiency,reliability,and security of power communication,solve the problem that traditional communication technology is difficult to meet the diversified needs of power business,and achieve the effect of optimizing the power communication network and supporting the intelligent development of the power system.展开更多
Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration ...Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.展开更多
Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resou...Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resource separation and service-level differentiation inside virtualized infrastructures.Nonetheless,sustaining elevated Quality of Service(QoS)in dynamic,resource-limited systems poses significant hurdles.This study introduces an innovative packet-based proactive end-to-end(ETE)resource management system that facilitates network slicing with improved resilience and proactivity.To get around the drawbacks of conventional reactive systems,we develop a cost-efficient slice provisioning architecture that takes into account limits on radio,processing,and transmission resources.The optimization issue is non-convex,NP-hard,and requires online resolution in a dynamic setting.We offer a hybrid solution that integrates an advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methodology with an Improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization(ImpMRFO)algorithm.The ImpMRFO utilizes Chebyshev chaotic mapping for the formation of a varied starting population and incorporates Lévy flight-based stochastic movement to avert premature convergence,hence facilitating improved exploration-exploitation trade-offs.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning strategies via agent-environment interactions,whereas the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning methods via agent-environment interactions,while the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.Experimental findings reveal that the proactive ETE system outperforms DRL models and non-resilient provisioning techniques.Our technique increases PSSRr,decreases average latency,and optimizes resource use.These results demonstrate that the hybrid architecture for robust,real-time,and scalable slice management in future 6G networks is feasible.展开更多
DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become m...DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become more sophisticated,there is an urgent need for Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)capable of handling these challenges effectively.Traditional IDS models frequently have difficulties in detecting new or changing attack patterns since they heavily depend on existing characteristics.This paper presents a novel approach for detecting unknown Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks by integrating Sliced Iterative Normalizing Flows(SINF)into IDS.SINF utilizes the Sliced Wasserstein distance to repeatedly modify probability distributions,enabling better management of high-dimensional data when there are only a few samples available.The unique architecture of SINF ensures efficient density estimation and robust sample generation,enabling IDS to adapt dynamically to emerging threats without relying heavily on predefined signatures or extensive retraining.By incorporating Open-Set Recognition(OSR)techniques,this method improves the system’s ability to detect both known and unknown attacks while maintaining high detection performance.The experimental evaluation on CICIDS2017 and CICDDoS2019 datasets demonstrates that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 99.85%for known attacks and an F1 score of 99.99%after incremental learning for unknown attacks.The results clearly demonstrate the system’s strong generalization capability across unseen attacks while maintaining the computational efficiency required for real-world deployment.展开更多
Current researches have not yet found the effect law of the cutter parameters and machining parameters on the interference in gear slicing, the interference between the cutter and machined gear often happens because t...Current researches have not yet found the effect law of the cutter parameters and machining parameters on the interference in gear slicing, the interference between the cutter and machined gear often happens because the appropriate cutter parameters and machining parameters cannot be set, which reduces the gear machining accuracy. The relative position between the major flank face and edge-sweeping surface, distribution law of the interference area in forming process of edge-sweeping surface, and effect law of relative positions among edge-sweeping surfaces on the interference are studied by graphical analysis. The effect law of the cutter parameters and machining parameters on the interference is found. The effect law shows that the interference in gear slicing can be controlled when the relief angle measured on the top edge and feed of every rotation are chosen respectively larger than 9~ and smaller than 0.15 mrn/r. An internal helical gear is sliced with the spur slice cutter and the cutter parameters and machining parameters are set based on above the effect law. The machined gear is measured in Gear Measuring Center and the detection result shows that the comprehensive accuracy reaches GB/T Class 7, where some reach GB/T Class 6. The result can meet the gear machining accuracy requirement and shows that the effect law found is valid. The problem of the interference in gear slicing is solved and the gear machining accuracy can be improved.展开更多
Software-Defined Network （SDN） empowers the evolution of Internet with the OpenFlow, Network Virtualization and Service Slicing strategies. With the fast increasing requirements of Mobile Internet services, the Inte...Software-Defined Network （SDN） empowers the evolution of Internet with the OpenFlow, Network Virtualization and Service Slicing strategies. With the fast increasing requirements of Mobile Internet services, the Internet and Mobile Networks go to the convergence. Mobile Networks can also get benefits from the SDN evolution to fulfill the 5th Generation （5G） capacity booming. The article implements SDN into Frameless Network Architecture （FNA） for 5G Mobile Network evolution with proposed Mobile-oriented OpenFlow Protocol （MOFP）. The Control Plane/User Plane （CP/UP） separation and adaptation strategy is proposed to support the User-Centric scenario in FNA. The traditional Base Station is separated with Central Processing Entity （CPE） and Antenna Element （AE） to perform the OpenFlow and Network Virtualization. The AEs are released as new resources for serving users. The mobile-oriented Service Slicing with different Quality of Service （QoS） classification is proposed and Resource Pooling based Virtualized Radio Resource Management （VRRM） is optimized for the Service Slicing strategy with resource-limited feature in Mobile Networks. The capacity gains are provided to show the merits of SDN based FNA. And the MiniNet based Trial Network with Service Slicing is implemented with experimental results.展开更多
Ultra-thick steep coal seam mining will inevitably lead to the increase of greater and violent ground subsidence and deformation.A subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining is proposed ...Ultra-thick steep coal seam mining will inevitably lead to the increase of greater and violent ground subsidence and deformation.A subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining is proposed in this paper.By this method,the sequence of collapse of overlying strata and the direction of propagation of strata movement are changed,the extent of roof-side deformation thereby is lessened,and boundary angle of roof-side subsidence is reduced by 5°-10°.The mechanism of this mining method for control of strata movement has been evidenced by numerical simulation and experiments with similarity materials.A subsidence prediction model based on the variation of mining influence propagation angle can be used to evaluate the surface movement and deformation of the mining method.The application of the method in No.3 Mine in Yaojie mining area has yielded the expected result.展开更多
For studying the strata behavior due to multi-slicing top coal caving longwall mining along-the-strike direction in steeply dipping extra thick coal seams,the shield support pressures of the upper and lower slices of ...For studying the strata behavior due to multi-slicing top coal caving longwall mining along-the-strike direction in steeply dipping extra thick coal seams,the shield support pressures of the upper and lower slices of panel 37220 in Dongxia Coal Mine were monitored using the KJ513 dynamic monitoring system.The set up rooms adopted the "horizontal line-arc segment-inclined line" form and used different types of shield supports.The results show that the strata pressure of upper slice panel 37220-1 changed slightly along the strike direction,while along the dip direction it exhibited strong to weak pressure from bottom to top.The first weighting interval of lower slice panel 37220-2 was about 60.8 m,and the average periodic weighting interval were about 22.6 m.The strata behavior of panel 37220-2 exhibited a spatiotemporal characteristic in that periodic weighting occurred first in the middle-upper part,followed by the middle and upper parts,arc segment,and finally the lower part.During the periodic weighting,the weighting interval and intensity also exhibited strong space characteristics.The average dynamic load coefficient was 1.48 and the maximum lateral load of the side shield was 20-25 MPa.展开更多
A consensus has been reached that 5G network slicing technology is becoming increasingly important in EMBB,MMTC and URLLC.However,this technology still has a long way to go in education industry.By selecting four type...A consensus has been reached that 5G network slicing technology is becoming increasingly important in EMBB,MMTC and URLLC.However,this technology still has a long way to go in education industry.By selecting four types of demands in campus MMTC scenarios as specific application references,this research explores the architectural relationship between network slicing layer,intelligent terminal layer and application capability layer.Besides,emphasis has been put on the influences that virtual logic network design technology,isolation technology and standard technology has on application experiences.Under such goal,a two-dimensional route has been proposed to deploy network slicing technology based on the concept of full life cycle and the synergistic effect that AI algorithms has on slicing technology.This research is expected to nurture slicing technology,not only its technology chain,but more importantly,facilitate its value chain and large-scale vertical industry applications.展开更多
Dynamic program slicing is an effective technique for narrowing the errors to the relevant parts of a program when debugging. Given a slicing criterion, the dynamic slice contains only those statements that actually a...Dynamic program slicing is an effective technique for narrowing the errors to the relevant parts of a program when debugging. Given a slicing criterion, the dynamic slice contains only those statements that actually affect the variables in the slicing criterion. This paper proposes a dynamic slicing method based on static dependence analysis. It uses the program dependence graph and other static information to reduce the information needed to be traced during program execution. Thus, the efficiency is dramatically improved while the precision is not depressed. The slicing criterion is modified to fit for debugging. It consists of file name and the line number at which the statement is.展开更多
With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting...With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting index is proposed for selecting parts of procedures or procedure fragments to do program slicing. This new criterion considers not only the subjective aspects in users, namely users' emphasis on the time efficiency, storage capacity or readability, but also the objective aspect in large procedures. It also represents the benefit of the users, while displaying the many-faceted roles that program slicing plays. In this way users call proceed with program slicing to large systems or unfinished systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203148)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-tolerant (SDT) traffic, we design a dynamic switching strategy based on a traffic-Qo S-aware soft slicing (TQASS) scheme and a resource-efficiency-aware soft slicing (REASS) scheme.
基金supported by the Alchemist Project 1415180884(No.20012378,Development of Meta Soft Organ Module Manufacturing Technology without Immunity Rejection and Module Assembly Robot System)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)the Technology Development Program(No.S3318933)funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS,Republic of Korea).
文摘A decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)constitutes a pivotal biomaterial created by decellularizing the natural extracellular matrix(ECM).This material serves as a supportive medium for intricate cellular interactions,fostering cell growth,differentiation,and organization.However,challenges persist in decellularization,necessitating a balance between preserving the ECM structural integrity and achieving effective cellular removal.An approach to enhancing decellularization involves pre-eliminating unnecessary tissues and effectively reducing final DNA levels to lower than 50 ng/mg ECM on preprocessed tissues.Although this strategic step augments decellularization efficiency,the current manual execution method depends on the operator’s skill.To address this limitation,this study proposed an automated raw tissue slicing system that does not require tissue preparation for slicing.Through carefully controlled tissue applanation pressure and oscillatory incisions with optimized parameters,the system achieved a precision within±10µm in obtaining submillimeter-scale tissue slices of the porcine cornea while avoiding significant microscopic complications in the tissue structure,as observed by tissue histology.These findings suggested the system’s capability to streamline and automate preliminary tissue slicing operations.The efficacy of this approach for decellularization was validated by processing porcine corneas using the proposed system and subsequently decellularizing the processed tissues.DNA level analysis revealed that sliced,subdivided tissues created by this system could expedite DNA reduction even at the initial steps of decellularization,enhancing the overall decellularization procedure.
基金supported by an Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00438156,Development of Security Resilience Technology Based on Network Slicing Services in a 5G Specialized Network).
文摘This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method utilizes an ensemble of encoder components from multiple autoencoders to compress and extract latent representations from high-dimensional traffic data.These representations are then used as input for a support vector machine(SVM)-based metadata classifier,enabling precise detection of attack traffic.This architecture is designed to achieve both high detection accuracy and training efficiency,while adapting flexibly to the diverse service requirements and complexity of 5G network slicing.The model was evaluated using the DDoS Datasets 2022,collected in a simulated 5G slicing environment.Experiments were conducted under both class-balanced and class-imbalanced conditions.In the balanced setting,the model achieved an accuracy of 89.33%,an F1-score of 88.23%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 89.45%.In the imbalanced setting(attack:normal 7:3),the model maintained strong robustness,=achieving a recall of 100%and an F1-score of 90.91%,demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse real-world scenarios.Compared to existing AI-based detection methods,the proposed model showed higher precision,better handling of class imbalance,and strong generalization performance.Moreover,its modular structure is well-suited for deployment in containerized network function(NF)environments,making it a practical solution for real-world 5G infrastructure.These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach to enhance both the security and operational resilience of 5G slicing networks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62304249)a project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733704).
文摘Slicing and post-treatment of SiC crystals have been a significant challenge in the integrated circuit and microelectronics industry.To compete with wire-sawing and mechanical grinding technology,a promis-ing approach combining laser slicing and laser polishing technologies has been innovatively applied to increase utilization and decrease damage defects for single crystal 4H-SiC.Significant material utiliza-tion has been achieved in the hybrid laser processes,where material loss is reduced by 75%compared to that of conventional machining technologies.Without any special process control or additional treat-ment,an internally modified layer formed by laser slicing can easily separate the 4H-SiC crystals using an external force of about∼3.6 MPa.The modified layer has been characterized using a micro-Raman method to determine residual stress.The sliced surface exhibits a combination of smooth and coarse appearances around the fluvial morphology,with an average surface roughness of over S_(a) 0.89μm.An amorphous phase surrounds the SiC substrate,with two dimensions of lattice spacing,d=0.261 nm and d=0.265 nm,confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The creation of laser-induced periodic surface nanostructures in the laser-polished surface results in a flatter surface with an average roughness of less than S_(a) 0.22μm.Due to the extreme cooling rates and multiple thermal cy-cles,dissociation of Si-C bonding,and phase separation are identified on the laser-polished surface,which is much better than that of the machining surface.We anticipate that this approach will be applicable to other high-value crystals and will have promising viability in the aerospace and semiconductor industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971057).
文摘In this paper,we propose the Two-way Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-Based resource allocation algorithm,which solves the problem of resource allocation in the cognitive downlink network based on the underlay mode.Secondary users(SUs)in the cognitive network are multiplexed by a new Power Domain Sparse Code Multiple Access(PD-SCMA)scheme,and the physical resources of the cognitive base station are virtualized into two types of slices:enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)slice and ultrareliable low latency communication(URLLC)slice.We design the Double Deep Q Network(DDQN)network output the optimal codebook assignment scheme and simultaneously use the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)network output the optimal power allocation scheme.The objective is to jointly optimize the spectral efficiency of the system and the Quality of Service(QoS)of SUs.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the CNDDQN algorithm and modified JEERA algorithm in terms of spectral efficiency and QoS satisfaction.Additionally,compared with the Power Domain Non-orthogonal Multiple Access(PD-NOMA)slices and the Sparse Code Multiple Access(SCMA)slices,the PD-SCMA slices can dramatically enhance spectral efficiency and increase the number of accessible users.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3104200)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62202386)+2 种基金in part by Basic Research Programs of Taicang(TC2021JC31)in part by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000210817)in part by Xi’an Unmanned System Security and Intelligent Communications ISTC Center,and in part by Special Funds for Central Universities Construction of World-Class Universities(Disciplines)and Special Development Guidance(0639022GH0202237 and 0639022SH0201237).
文摘Industrial Internet combines the industrial system with Internet connectivity to build a new manufacturing and service system covering the entire industry chain and value chain.Its highly heterogeneous network structure and diversified application requirements call for the applying of network slicing technology.Guaranteeing robust network slicing is essential for Industrial Internet,but it faces the challenge of complex slice topologies caused by the intricate interaction relationships among Network Functions(NFs)composing the slice.Existing works have not concerned the strengthening problem of industrial network slicing regarding its complex network properties.Towards this end,we aim to study this issue by intelligently selecting a subset of most valuable NFs with the minimum cost to satisfy the strengthening requirements.State-of-the-art AlphaGo series of algorithms and the advanced graph neural network technology are combined to build the solution.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our scheme compared to the benchmark schemes.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Support Key Project of Jiangsu Province (DE2008365)~~
文摘Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluation is introduced to make decision in slicing schemes for a processing part. The application in determining the slicing scheme for a computer mouse during prototyping shows that the method increases the rationality during decision- making and improves quality and efficiency for the prototyping part.
基金The National Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation by NSFC(No.60703086,60503020)
文摘A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a procedure with the given labels, and then captures the callees＇ influence on callers when analyzing call statements. Phase 2 captures the callees＇ dependence on callers by replacing all given labels appearing in the corresponding sets of formal parameters. By the introduction of given labels, this slice method can obtain similar summary information in system-dependence-graph（SDG）-based algorithms for addressing the calling-context problem. With the use of the slice monad transformer, this monadic slicing approach achieves a high level of modularity and flexibility. It shows that the monadic interprocedural algorithm has less complexity and it is not less precise than SDG algorithms.
文摘In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by replacing them with a minimally adequate collection of their linear combinations without loss of information.Recently,regularization methods have been proposed in SIR to incorporate a sparse structure of predictors for better interpretability.However,existing methods consider convex relaxation to bypass the sparsity constraint,which may not lead to the best subset,and particularly tends to include irrelevant variables when predictors are correlated.In this study,we approach sparse SIR as a nonconvex optimization problem and directly tackle the sparsity constraint by establishing the optimal conditions and iteratively solving them by means of the splicing technique.Without employing convex relaxation on the sparsity constraint and the orthogonal constraint,our algorithm exhibits superior empirical merits,as evidenced by extensive numerical studies.Computationally,our algorithm is much faster than the relaxed approach for the natural sparse SIR estimator.Statistically,our algorithm surpasses existing methods in terms of accuracy for central subspace estimation and best subset selection and sustains high performance even with correlated predictors.
文摘With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communication is analyzed.In this study,5G technology features,application principles,and practical strategies are discussed,and methods such as network slicing,customized deployment,edge computing collaborative application,communication equipment integration and upgrading,and multi-technology collaboration and complementation are proposed.It aims to effectively improve the efficiency,reliability,and security of power communication,solve the problem that traditional communication technology is difficult to meet the diversified needs of power business,and achieve the effect of optimizing the power communication network and supporting the intelligent development of the power system.
基金support from the Grain,Oil,and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province(GO202206)the Cultivation Program for Young Backbone Teachers at Henan University of Technology+3 种基金the Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(231111113300)Double First-Class Discipline Construction Program of Henan University of Technology(0517-24410014)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104600)Joint Research Fund for science and technology R&D Projects of Henan Province(225200810066).
文摘Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.
文摘Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resource separation and service-level differentiation inside virtualized infrastructures.Nonetheless,sustaining elevated Quality of Service(QoS)in dynamic,resource-limited systems poses significant hurdles.This study introduces an innovative packet-based proactive end-to-end(ETE)resource management system that facilitates network slicing with improved resilience and proactivity.To get around the drawbacks of conventional reactive systems,we develop a cost-efficient slice provisioning architecture that takes into account limits on radio,processing,and transmission resources.The optimization issue is non-convex,NP-hard,and requires online resolution in a dynamic setting.We offer a hybrid solution that integrates an advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methodology with an Improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization(ImpMRFO)algorithm.The ImpMRFO utilizes Chebyshev chaotic mapping for the formation of a varied starting population and incorporates Lévy flight-based stochastic movement to avert premature convergence,hence facilitating improved exploration-exploitation trade-offs.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning strategies via agent-environment interactions,whereas the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning methods via agent-environment interactions,while the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.Experimental findings reveal that the proactive ETE system outperforms DRL models and non-resilient provisioning techniques.Our technique increases PSSRr,decreases average latency,and optimizes resource use.These results demonstrate that the hybrid architecture for robust,real-time,and scalable slice management in future 6G networks is feasible.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan with grant numbers NSTC 112-2221-E-992-045,112-2221-E-992-057-MY3,and 112-2622-8-992-009-TD1.
文摘DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become more sophisticated,there is an urgent need for Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)capable of handling these challenges effectively.Traditional IDS models frequently have difficulties in detecting new or changing attack patterns since they heavily depend on existing characteristics.This paper presents a novel approach for detecting unknown Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks by integrating Sliced Iterative Normalizing Flows(SINF)into IDS.SINF utilizes the Sliced Wasserstein distance to repeatedly modify probability distributions,enabling better management of high-dimensional data when there are only a few samples available.The unique architecture of SINF ensures efficient density estimation and robust sample generation,enabling IDS to adapt dynamically to emerging threats without relying heavily on predefined signatures or extensive retraining.By incorporating Open-Set Recognition(OSR)techniques,this method improves the system’s ability to detect both known and unknown attacks while maintaining high detection performance.The experimental evaluation on CICIDS2017 and CICDDoS2019 datasets demonstrates that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 99.85%for known attacks and an F1 score of 99.99%after incremental learning for unknown attacks.The results clearly demonstrate the system’s strong generalization capability across unseen attacks while maintaining the computational efficiency required for real-world deployment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51175376)
文摘Current researches have not yet found the effect law of the cutter parameters and machining parameters on the interference in gear slicing, the interference between the cutter and machined gear often happens because the appropriate cutter parameters and machining parameters cannot be set, which reduces the gear machining accuracy. The relative position between the major flank face and edge-sweeping surface, distribution law of the interference area in forming process of edge-sweeping surface, and effect law of relative positions among edge-sweeping surfaces on the interference are studied by graphical analysis. The effect law of the cutter parameters and machining parameters on the interference is found. The effect law shows that the interference in gear slicing can be controlled when the relief angle measured on the top edge and feed of every rotation are chosen respectively larger than 9~ and smaller than 0.15 mrn/r. An internal helical gear is sliced with the spur slice cutter and the cutter parameters and machining parameters are set based on above the effect law. The machined gear is measured in Gear Measuring Center and the detection result shows that the comprehensive accuracy reaches GB/T Class 7, where some reach GB/T Class 6. The result can meet the gear machining accuracy requirement and shows that the effect law found is valid. The problem of the interference in gear slicing is solved and the gear machining accuracy can be improved.
基金This material is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61001116 and 61121001,Beijing Nova Programme No.Z131101000413030,the National Major Project No.2013ZX03003002 and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University No.IRT1049
文摘Software-Defined Network （SDN） empowers the evolution of Internet with the OpenFlow, Network Virtualization and Service Slicing strategies. With the fast increasing requirements of Mobile Internet services, the Internet and Mobile Networks go to the convergence. Mobile Networks can also get benefits from the SDN evolution to fulfill the 5th Generation （5G） capacity booming. The article implements SDN into Frameless Network Architecture （FNA） for 5G Mobile Network evolution with proposed Mobile-oriented OpenFlow Protocol （MOFP）. The Control Plane/User Plane （CP/UP） separation and adaptation strategy is proposed to support the User-Centric scenario in FNA. The traditional Base Station is separated with Central Processing Entity （CPE） and Antenna Element （AE） to perform the OpenFlow and Network Virtualization. The AEs are released as new resources for serving users. The mobile-oriented Service Slicing with different Quality of Service （QoS） classification is proposed and Resource Pooling based Virtualized Radio Resource Management （VRRM） is optimized for the Service Slicing strategy with resource-limited feature in Mobile Networks. The capacity gains are provided to show the merits of SDN based FNA. And the MiniNet based Trial Network with Service Slicing is implemented with experimental results.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51574242 and 5097412).
文摘Ultra-thick steep coal seam mining will inevitably lead to the increase of greater and violent ground subsidence and deformation.A subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining is proposed in this paper.By this method,the sequence of collapse of overlying strata and the direction of propagation of strata movement are changed,the extent of roof-side deformation thereby is lessened,and boundary angle of roof-side subsidence is reduced by 5°-10°.The mechanism of this mining method for control of strata movement has been evidenced by numerical simulation and experiments with similarity materials.A subsidence prediction model based on the variation of mining influence propagation angle can be used to evaluate the surface movement and deformation of the mining method.The application of the method in No.3 Mine in Yaojie mining area has yielded the expected result.
基金funds supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51634007)
文摘For studying the strata behavior due to multi-slicing top coal caving longwall mining along-the-strike direction in steeply dipping extra thick coal seams,the shield support pressures of the upper and lower slices of panel 37220 in Dongxia Coal Mine were monitored using the KJ513 dynamic monitoring system.The set up rooms adopted the "horizontal line-arc segment-inclined line" form and used different types of shield supports.The results show that the strata pressure of upper slice panel 37220-1 changed slightly along the strike direction,while along the dip direction it exhibited strong to weak pressure from bottom to top.The first weighting interval of lower slice panel 37220-2 was about 60.8 m,and the average periodic weighting interval were about 22.6 m.The strata behavior of panel 37220-2 exhibited a spatiotemporal characteristic in that periodic weighting occurred first in the middle-upper part,followed by the middle and upper parts,arc segment,and finally the lower part.During the periodic weighting,the weighting interval and intensity also exhibited strong space characteristics.The average dynamic load coefficient was 1.48 and the maximum lateral load of the side shield was 20-25 MPa.
基金a grant from the 2020 joint annual project of the Ministry of Education of China and China Mobile:“Research on Educational Experiments with AI”(No.MCM20200404)。
文摘A consensus has been reached that 5G network slicing technology is becoming increasingly important in EMBB,MMTC and URLLC.However,this technology still has a long way to go in education industry.By selecting four types of demands in campus MMTC scenarios as specific application references,this research explores the architectural relationship between network slicing layer,intelligent terminal layer and application capability layer.Besides,emphasis has been put on the influences that virtual logic network design technology,isolation technology and standard technology has on application experiences.Under such goal,a two-dimensional route has been proposed to deploy network slicing technology based on the concept of full life cycle and the synergistic effect that AI algorithms has on slicing technology.This research is expected to nurture slicing technology,not only its technology chain,but more importantly,facilitate its value chain and large-scale vertical industry applications.
文摘Dynamic program slicing is an effective technique for narrowing the errors to the relevant parts of a program when debugging. Given a slicing criterion, the dynamic slice contains only those statements that actually affect the variables in the slicing criterion. This paper proposes a dynamic slicing method based on static dependence analysis. It uses the program dependence graph and other static information to reduce the information needed to be traced during program execution. Thus, the efficiency is dramatically improved while the precision is not depressed. The slicing criterion is modified to fit for debugging. It consists of file name and the line number at which the statement is.
文摘With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting index is proposed for selecting parts of procedures or procedure fragments to do program slicing. This new criterion considers not only the subjective aspects in users, namely users' emphasis on the time efficiency, storage capacity or readability, but also the objective aspect in large procedures. It also represents the benefit of the users, while displaying the many-faceted roles that program slicing plays. In this way users call proceed with program slicing to large systems or unfinished systems.
