The quest for energy efficiency has growing importance in high performance many-core systems. However, in current practices, the power slacks, which are the differences observed between the input power budget and the ...The quest for energy efficiency has growing importance in high performance many-core systems. However, in current practices, the power slacks, which are the differences observed between the input power budget and the actual power consumed in the many-core systems, are typically ignored, thus leading to poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a scheme to effectively power the on-chip communications by exploiting the available power slack that is totally wasted in current many-core systems. As so, the demand for extra energy from external power sources （e.g., batteries） is minimized, which helps improve the overall energy efficiency. In essence, the power slack is stored at each node and the proposed routing algorithm uses a dynamic programming network to find the globally optimal path, along which the total energy stored on the nodes is the maximum. Experimental results have confirmed that the proposed scheme, with low hardware overhead, can reduce latency and extra energy consumption by 44% and 48%, respectively, compared with the two competing routing methods.展开更多
The paper studies the non-zero slacks in data envelopment analysis. A procedure is developed for the treatment of non-zero slacks. DEA projections can be done just in one step.
In the context of enterprise systems,intrusion detection(ID)emerges as a critical element driving the digital transformation of enterprises.With systems spanning various sectors of enterprises geographically dispersed...In the context of enterprise systems,intrusion detection(ID)emerges as a critical element driving the digital transformation of enterprises.With systems spanning various sectors of enterprises geographically dispersed,the necessity for seamless information exchange has surged significantly.The existing cross-domain solutions are challenged by such issues as insufficient security,high communication overhead,and a lack of effective update mechanisms,rendering them less feasible for prolonged application on resource-limited devices.This study proposes a new cross-domain collaboration scheme based on federated chains to streamline the server-side workload.Within this framework,individual nodes solely engage in training local data and subsequently amalgamate the final model employing a federated learning algorithm to uphold enterprise systems with efficiency and security.To curtail the resource utilization of blockchains and deter malicious nodes,a node administration module predicated on the workload paradigm is introduced,enabling the release of surplus resources in response to variations in a node’s contribution metric.Upon encountering an intrusion,the system triggers an alert and logs the characteristics of the breach,facilitating a comprehensive global update across all nodes for collective defense.Experimental results across multiple scenarios have verified the security and effectiveness of the proposed solution,with no loss of its recognition accuracy.展开更多
Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental probl...Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) model with a slack-based measurement(SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China(UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern(decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.展开更多
运用含非期望产出的超效率SBM(slack based measure)模型和GML(global Malmquist-Luenberger)指数,对中国与世界主要国家1991—2016年的分别在考虑和不考虑环境约束下的技术效率和全要素生产率进行测度与比较。研究发现,不考虑环境约束...运用含非期望产出的超效率SBM(slack based measure)模型和GML(global Malmquist-Luenberger)指数,对中国与世界主要国家1991—2016年的分别在考虑和不考虑环境约束下的技术效率和全要素生产率进行测度与比较。研究发现,不考虑环境约束的测度结果忽略了一国发展所造成的污染损失,导致技术效率与生产率被高估;中国的技术效率在考虑环境因素后显著下降,总效率排名从样本中的第16位下降至第40位。时间趋势上,中国的环境效率与技术效率的差距呈现先扩大后缩小,且近年来有逐渐趋同的态势;动态视角上,不考虑环境约束时中国的全要素生产率变化总体呈现增长趋势,但在考虑环境因素后中国的环境全要素生产率转变为下降趋势,这其中,技术进步的下降是影响环境全要素生产率变化的主要因素。展开更多
Using robotic devices might improve recovery post-stroke, but the optimal way to apply robotic assistance has yet to be determined. The current study aimed to investigate whether training under the robotic active-assi...Using robotic devices might improve recovery post-stroke, but the optimal way to apply robotic assistance has yet to be determined. The current study aimed to investigate whether training under the robotic active-assisted mode improves bimanual motor skill learning(biMSkL) more than training under the active mode in stroke patients. Twenty-six healthy individuals(HI) and 23 chronic hemiparetic stroke patients with a detectable lesion on MRI or CT scan, who demonstrated motor deficits in the upper limb, were randomly allocated to two parallel groups. The protocol included a two-day training on a new bimanual cooperative task, LIFT-THE-TRAY, under either the active or activeassisted modes(where assistance decreased in a pre-determined stepwise fashion) with the bimanual version of the REAplan? robotic device. The hypothesis was that the active-assisted mode would result in greater biMSkL than the active mode. The biMSkL was quantified by a speed-accuracy trade-off(SAT) before(T1) and immediately after(T2) training on days 1 and 2(T3 and T4). The change in SAT after 2 days of training(T4/T1) indicated that both HI and stroke patients learned and retained the bimanual cooperative task. After 2 days of training, the active-assisted mode did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode(T4/T1) in HI nor stroke patients. Whereas HI generalized the learned bimanual skill to different execution speeds in both the active and active-assisted subgroups, the stroke patients generalized the learned skill only in the active subgroup. Taken together, the active-assisted mode, applied in a pre-determined stepwise decreasing fashion, did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode in HI and stroke subjects. Stroke subjects might benefit more from robotic assistance when applied "as-needed." This study was approved by the local ethical committee(Comité d'éthique médicale, CHU UCL Namur, MontGodinne, Yvoir, Belgium;Internal number: 54/2010, Eudra CT number: NUB B039201317382) on July 14, 2016 and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(Identifier: NCT03974750) on June 5, 2019.展开更多
Background: Until recently it has not been possible to isolate the mechanical behavior of individual muscles during passive stretching. Muscle shear modulus(an index of muscle stiffness) measured using ultrasound shea...Background: Until recently it has not been possible to isolate the mechanical behavior of individual muscles during passive stretching. Muscle shear modulus(an index of muscle stiffness) measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to estimate changes in stiffness of an individual muscle. The aims of the present study were(1) to determine the shear modulus—knee angle relationship and the slack angle of the vastus medialis oblique(VMO), rectus femoris(RF), and vastus lateralis(VL) muscles;(2) to determine whether this differs between the muscles.Methods: Nine male rowers took part in the study. The shear modulus of VMO, RF, and VL muscles was measured while the quadriceps was passively stretched at 3°/s. The relationship between the muscle shear modulus and knee angle was plotted as shear modulus—knee angle curve through which the slack angle of each muscle was determined.Results: The shear modulus of RF was higher than that of VMO and VL when the muscles were stretched over 54°(all p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the VMO and VL(all p > 0.05). The slack angle was similar among the muscles: 41.3°± 10.6°, 44.3°± 9.1°, and 44.3°± 5.6° of knee flexion for VMO, RF, and VL, respectively(p = 0.626).Conclusion: This is the first study to experimentally determine the muscle mechanical behavior of individual heads of the quadriceps during passive stretching. Different pattern of passive tension was observed between mono-and bi-articular muscles. Further research is needed to determine whether changes in muscle stiffness are muscle-specific in pathological conditions or after interventions such as stretching protocols.展开更多
Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembr...Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembrane protein 16C(TMEM16C)/Slack is required for a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor(AMPAR) activation in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Remifentanil anesthesia reduced the paw withdrawal threshold from 2 h to 48 h postoperatively,with a decrease in the expression of TMEM16C and Slack in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and spinal cord.Knockdown of TMEM16C in the DRG reduced the expression of Slack and elevated the basal peripheral sensitivity and AMPAR expression and function. Overexpression of TMEM16C in the DRG impaired remifentanilinduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and behavioral hyperalgesia. AMPAR-mediated current and neuronal excitability were downregulated by TMEM16C overexpression in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that TMEM16C/Slack regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity via GluA1-containing AMPARs is critical in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats.展开更多
The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and qu...The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.展开更多
Submersible buoy systems are widely used for oceanographic research,ocean engineering and coastal defense.Severe sea environment has obvious effects on the dynamics of submersible buoy systems.Huge tension can occur a...Submersible buoy systems are widely used for oceanographic research,ocean engineering and coastal defense.Severe sea environment has obvious effects on the dynamics of submersible buoy systems.Huge tension can occur and may cause the snap of cables,especially during the deployment period.This paper studies the deployment dynamics of submersible buoy systems with numerical and experimental methods.By applying the lumped mass approach,a three-dimensional multi-body model of submersible buoy system is developed considering the hydrodynamic force,tension force and impact force between components of submersible buoy system and seabed.Numerical integration method is used to solve the differential equations.The simulation output includes tension force,trajectory,profile and dropping location and impact force of submersible buoys.In addition,the deployment experiment of a simplified submersible buoy model was carried out.The profile and different nodes' velocities of the submersible buoy are obtained.By comparing the results of the two methods,it is found that the numerical model well simulates the actual process and conditions of the experiment.The simulation results agree well with the results of the experiment such as gravity anchor's location and velocities of different nodes of the submersible buoy.The study results will help to understand the conditions of submersible buoy's deployment,operation and recovery,and can be used to guide the design and optimization of the system.展开更多
This paper considers the issue of delay-dependent exponential stability for time-delay systems. Both nominal and uncertain systems are investigated. New sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMI...This paper considers the issue of delay-dependent exponential stability for time-delay systems. Both nominal and uncertain systems are investigated. New sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) are obtained. These criteria are simple owing to the use of an integral inequality. The model transformation approaches,bounding techniques for cross terms and slack matrices are all avoided in the derivation. Rigorous proof and numerical examples showed that the proposed criteria and those based on introducing slack matrices are equivalent.展开更多
As a traditional agricultural country,China has always prioritized agricultural development,and has increasingly focused on green and sustainable agricultural development.Based on the inter-provincial panel data for C...As a traditional agricultural country,China has always prioritized agricultural development,and has increasingly focused on green and sustainable agricultural development.Based on the inter-provincial panel data for China from 1997 to 2019,this study divided these data into five periods according to the Five-Year Plan(FYP)of China,measured the agricultural eco-efficiency(AEE)values using the Super-SBM model,and then determined the spatial association network of the inter-provincial AEE of China using the improved gravity model.Finally,social network analysis(SNA)was used to further analyze the evolution process of AEE,and we de-veloped a framework of how multidimensional proximity,which includes geographical,economic,technological,cognitive,and institutional proximity,made an influence on the formation of AEE spatial relation network.The findings indicated that:1)in 1997−2019,the AEE in China was present in some spatial and temporal differences characteristics at the provincial scale,and we specifically found that national macro-regulation and policy incentives played a positive role in the long-term development of AEE.2)The spatial correlation of AEE development among provincial regions were becoming closer and exhibits obvious spatial correlation and spillover effects.The evolution of the AEE network has clearly observable trends of hierarchization and aggregation,and the complexity of the correlation network continues to increase and exhibits spatial clustering characteristics that are dense in the east and sparse in the west.The network structure has changed from monocentric radiation to a multicentric network,and network nodes select the more advantageous nodes with which to connect.3)Finally,the geographical proximity had a significant negative effect;the economic,technological,and institutional proximities were all observed to contribute to the AEE network formation,and cognitive proximity did not significantly influence this network formation.展开更多
The hangers of suspension bridges can be placed in two forms: vertical or inclined form. Inclined hangers are more liable to fatigue. Vertical hangers are subjected to greater fluctuations of stress resulting from bri...The hangers of suspension bridges can be placed in two forms: vertical or inclined form. Inclined hangers are more liable to fatigue. Vertical hangers are subjected to greater fluctuations of stress resulting from bridge wind loads. To improve aerodynamic stability, inclined hangers can be used instead of vertical ones. Some inclined hangers show considerable signs of distress and some of them show slackness due to their location against loads. In this paper a pedestrian suspension bridge with vertical hangers has been studied as a case study. Then, the same bridge has been studied with inclined hangers. To reduce internal forces, fatigue and slackness in hangers, horizontal cables have been added to inclined hangers. This modification is proposed by the present authors. The added horizontal cables transfer the tensile load from overstressed hangers to adjacent slacked hangers. Three different hanger patterns have been analyzed under nonlinear static analysis for symmetrical and nonsymmetrical live load plus dead load. Results showed that the modified hanger system had been improved considerably in comparison with vertical or inclined hangers and wherever that there is no improvement some solutions have been proposed.展开更多
To improve the path slack of Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), this paper proposes a timing slack optimization approach which utilizes the hybrid routing strategy of rip-up-retry and pathfinder. Firstly, effect of ...To improve the path slack of Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), this paper proposes a timing slack optimization approach which utilizes the hybrid routing strategy of rip-up-retry and pathfinder. Firstly, effect of process variations on path slack is analyzed, and by constructing a collocation table of delay model that takes into account the multi-corner process, the complex statistical static timing analysis is successfully translated into a simple classical static timing analysis. Then, based on the hybrid routing strategy of rip-up-retry and pathfinder, by adjusting the critical path which detours a long distance, the critical path delay is reduced and the path slack is optimized. Experimental results show that, using the hybrid routing strategy, the number of paths with negative slack can be optimized(reduced) by 85.8% on average compared with the Versatile Place and Route(VPR) timing-driven routing algorithm, while the run-time is only increased by 15.02% on average.展开更多
To minimize battery consumption for portable devices, the prescheduling policy of battery-aware scheduling was improved by optimizing slack distribution. A battery-aware compound task scheduling （BACTS） algorithm co...To minimize battery consumption for portable devices, the prescheduling policy of battery-aware scheduling was improved by optimizing slack distribution. A battery-aware compound task scheduling （BACTS） algorithm considering various aspects including task deadline, current and execution time was proposed and evaluated with the previously prevailing earliest deadline first （EDF） algorithm. The results indicate the proposed BACTS algorithm manages to figure out a feasible schedule （if available） in battery-aware task scheduling even for disorganized connected task graphs beyond the solving ability of EDF. Its schedule achieves better performance with lower charge consumption after prescheduling, and also lower or equal optimum charge consumption after voltage scaling.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61376024 and No.61306024Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No.S2013040014366Basic Research Program of Shenzhen under Grant No.JCYJ20140417113430642 and No.JCYJ 20140901003939020
文摘The quest for energy efficiency has growing importance in high performance many-core systems. However, in current practices, the power slacks, which are the differences observed between the input power budget and the actual power consumed in the many-core systems, are typically ignored, thus leading to poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a scheme to effectively power the on-chip communications by exploiting the available power slack that is totally wasted in current many-core systems. As so, the demand for extra energy from external power sources （e.g., batteries） is minimized, which helps improve the overall energy efficiency. In essence, the power slack is stored at each node and the proposed routing algorithm uses a dynamic programming network to find the globally optimal path, along which the total energy stored on the nodes is the maximum. Experimental results have confirmed that the proposed scheme, with low hardware overhead, can reduce latency and extra energy consumption by 44% and 48%, respectively, compared with the two competing routing methods.
文摘The paper studies the non-zero slacks in data envelopment analysis. A procedure is developed for the treatment of non-zero slacks. DEA projections can be done just in one step.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant titled“Research on Intermittent Fault Diagnosis of New Interconnection Networks under Comparative Model”(Approval Number:61862003).
文摘In the context of enterprise systems,intrusion detection(ID)emerges as a critical element driving the digital transformation of enterprises.With systems spanning various sectors of enterprises geographically dispersed,the necessity for seamless information exchange has surged significantly.The existing cross-domain solutions are challenged by such issues as insufficient security,high communication overhead,and a lack of effective update mechanisms,rendering them less feasible for prolonged application on resource-limited devices.This study proposes a new cross-domain collaboration scheme based on federated chains to streamline the server-side workload.Within this framework,individual nodes solely engage in training local data and subsequently amalgamate the final model employing a federated learning algorithm to uphold enterprise systems with efficiency and security.To curtail the resource utilization of blockchains and deter malicious nodes,a node administration module predicated on the workload paradigm is introduced,enabling the release of surplus resources in response to variations in a node’s contribution metric.Upon encountering an intrusion,the system triggers an alert and logs the characteristics of the breach,facilitating a comprehensive global update across all nodes for collective defense.Experimental results across multiple scenarios have verified the security and effectiveness of the proposed solution,with no loss of its recognition accuracy.
基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590840,No.41590842National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41371177
文摘Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) model with a slack-based measurement(SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China(UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern(decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.
文摘运用含非期望产出的超效率SBM(slack based measure)模型和GML(global Malmquist-Luenberger)指数,对中国与世界主要国家1991—2016年的分别在考虑和不考虑环境约束下的技术效率和全要素生产率进行测度与比较。研究发现,不考虑环境约束的测度结果忽略了一国发展所造成的污染损失,导致技术效率与生产率被高估;中国的技术效率在考虑环境因素后显著下降,总效率排名从样本中的第16位下降至第40位。时间趋势上,中国的环境效率与技术效率的差距呈现先扩大后缩小,且近年来有逐渐趋同的态势;动态视角上,不考虑环境约束时中国的全要素生产率变化总体呈现增长趋势,但在考虑环境因素后中国的环境全要素生产率转变为下降趋势,这其中,技术进步的下降是影响环境全要素生产率变化的主要因素。
基金supported by the following grants Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS 1.R.506.161.R.506.18&1.R.506.20+8 种基金Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Médicale(FRSM)3.4.525.08.FFonds Spécial de Recherche(FSR)from the UCLouvainFondation Van Goethem-BrichantFondation Mont-Godinnesupported by the following grants FRNS-FRIA n°F3/5/5-MCF/ROI/BC-19727 and F3/5/5-MCF/XH/FC-17514Fondation Mont-Godinne 2018supported by grants from the Fondation Mont-Godinne 2015-2016Fonds Spécial de Recherche(FSR)of the UCLouvain 2016-2018Fondation Roi Baudouin/Fonds Amélie 2018-2019。
文摘Using robotic devices might improve recovery post-stroke, but the optimal way to apply robotic assistance has yet to be determined. The current study aimed to investigate whether training under the robotic active-assisted mode improves bimanual motor skill learning(biMSkL) more than training under the active mode in stroke patients. Twenty-six healthy individuals(HI) and 23 chronic hemiparetic stroke patients with a detectable lesion on MRI or CT scan, who demonstrated motor deficits in the upper limb, were randomly allocated to two parallel groups. The protocol included a two-day training on a new bimanual cooperative task, LIFT-THE-TRAY, under either the active or activeassisted modes(where assistance decreased in a pre-determined stepwise fashion) with the bimanual version of the REAplan? robotic device. The hypothesis was that the active-assisted mode would result in greater biMSkL than the active mode. The biMSkL was quantified by a speed-accuracy trade-off(SAT) before(T1) and immediately after(T2) training on days 1 and 2(T3 and T4). The change in SAT after 2 days of training(T4/T1) indicated that both HI and stroke patients learned and retained the bimanual cooperative task. After 2 days of training, the active-assisted mode did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode(T4/T1) in HI nor stroke patients. Whereas HI generalized the learned bimanual skill to different execution speeds in both the active and active-assisted subgroups, the stroke patients generalized the learned skill only in the active subgroup. Taken together, the active-assisted mode, applied in a pre-determined stepwise decreasing fashion, did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode in HI and stroke subjects. Stroke subjects might benefit more from robotic assistance when applied "as-needed." This study was approved by the local ethical committee(Comité d'éthique médicale, CHU UCL Namur, MontGodinne, Yvoir, Belgium;Internal number: 54/2010, Eudra CT number: NUB B039201317382) on July 14, 2016 and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(Identifier: NCT03974750) on June 5, 2019.
文摘Background: Until recently it has not been possible to isolate the mechanical behavior of individual muscles during passive stretching. Muscle shear modulus(an index of muscle stiffness) measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to estimate changes in stiffness of an individual muscle. The aims of the present study were(1) to determine the shear modulus—knee angle relationship and the slack angle of the vastus medialis oblique(VMO), rectus femoris(RF), and vastus lateralis(VL) muscles;(2) to determine whether this differs between the muscles.Methods: Nine male rowers took part in the study. The shear modulus of VMO, RF, and VL muscles was measured while the quadriceps was passively stretched at 3°/s. The relationship between the muscle shear modulus and knee angle was plotted as shear modulus—knee angle curve through which the slack angle of each muscle was determined.Results: The shear modulus of RF was higher than that of VMO and VL when the muscles were stretched over 54°(all p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the VMO and VL(all p > 0.05). The slack angle was similar among the muscles: 41.3°± 10.6°, 44.3°± 9.1°, and 44.3°± 5.6° of knee flexion for VMO, RF, and VL, respectively(p = 0.626).Conclusion: This is the first study to experimentally determine the muscle mechanical behavior of individual heads of the quadriceps during passive stretching. Different pattern of passive tension was observed between mono-and bi-articular muscles. Further research is needed to determine whether changes in muscle stiffness are muscle-specific in pathological conditions or after interventions such as stretching protocols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071243, 81801107, 81772043, and 81400908)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (20JCYBJC00460)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin Municipality, China (TJSQNTJ-2020-10)。
文摘Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembrane protein 16C(TMEM16C)/Slack is required for a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor(AMPAR) activation in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Remifentanil anesthesia reduced the paw withdrawal threshold from 2 h to 48 h postoperatively,with a decrease in the expression of TMEM16C and Slack in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and spinal cord.Knockdown of TMEM16C in the DRG reduced the expression of Slack and elevated the basal peripheral sensitivity and AMPAR expression and function. Overexpression of TMEM16C in the DRG impaired remifentanilinduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and behavioral hyperalgesia. AMPAR-mediated current and neuronal excitability were downregulated by TMEM16C overexpression in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that TMEM16C/Slack regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity via GluA1-containing AMPARs is critical in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371008,41101119)New Start Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(No.ZK201201)
文摘The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.
基金supported by the Program for Excellent University Talents in New Century (NCET-12-0500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51175484)+2 种基金the Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2010EM052)the support of the Project 111 (No.B14028)the Key Ocean Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province
文摘Submersible buoy systems are widely used for oceanographic research,ocean engineering and coastal defense.Severe sea environment has obvious effects on the dynamics of submersible buoy systems.Huge tension can occur and may cause the snap of cables,especially during the deployment period.This paper studies the deployment dynamics of submersible buoy systems with numerical and experimental methods.By applying the lumped mass approach,a three-dimensional multi-body model of submersible buoy system is developed considering the hydrodynamic force,tension force and impact force between components of submersible buoy system and seabed.Numerical integration method is used to solve the differential equations.The simulation output includes tension force,trajectory,profile and dropping location and impact force of submersible buoys.In addition,the deployment experiment of a simplified submersible buoy model was carried out.The profile and different nodes' velocities of the submersible buoy are obtained.By comparing the results of the two methods,it is found that the numerical model well simulates the actual process and conditions of the experiment.The simulation results agree well with the results of the experiment such as gravity anchor's location and velocities of different nodes of the submersible buoy.The study results will help to understand the conditions of submersible buoy's deployment,operation and recovery,and can be used to guide the design and optimization of the system.
基金Project (Nos. 60434020 and 60604003) supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China
文摘This paper considers the issue of delay-dependent exponential stability for time-delay systems. Both nominal and uncertain systems are investigated. New sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) are obtained. These criteria are simple owing to the use of an integral inequality. The model transformation approaches,bounding techniques for cross terms and slack matrices are all avoided in the derivation. Rigorous proof and numerical examples showed that the proposed criteria and those based on introducing slack matrices are equivalent.
基金Under the auspices of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD 1100104)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2108085-MD29)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571400)。
文摘As a traditional agricultural country,China has always prioritized agricultural development,and has increasingly focused on green and sustainable agricultural development.Based on the inter-provincial panel data for China from 1997 to 2019,this study divided these data into five periods according to the Five-Year Plan(FYP)of China,measured the agricultural eco-efficiency(AEE)values using the Super-SBM model,and then determined the spatial association network of the inter-provincial AEE of China using the improved gravity model.Finally,social network analysis(SNA)was used to further analyze the evolution process of AEE,and we de-veloped a framework of how multidimensional proximity,which includes geographical,economic,technological,cognitive,and institutional proximity,made an influence on the formation of AEE spatial relation network.The findings indicated that:1)in 1997−2019,the AEE in China was present in some spatial and temporal differences characteristics at the provincial scale,and we specifically found that national macro-regulation and policy incentives played a positive role in the long-term development of AEE.2)The spatial correlation of AEE development among provincial regions were becoming closer and exhibits obvious spatial correlation and spillover effects.The evolution of the AEE network has clearly observable trends of hierarchization and aggregation,and the complexity of the correlation network continues to increase and exhibits spatial clustering characteristics that are dense in the east and sparse in the west.The network structure has changed from monocentric radiation to a multicentric network,and network nodes select the more advantageous nodes with which to connect.3)Finally,the geographical proximity had a significant negative effect;the economic,technological,and institutional proximities were all observed to contribute to the AEE network formation,and cognitive proximity did not significantly influence this network formation.
文摘The hangers of suspension bridges can be placed in two forms: vertical or inclined form. Inclined hangers are more liable to fatigue. Vertical hangers are subjected to greater fluctuations of stress resulting from bridge wind loads. To improve aerodynamic stability, inclined hangers can be used instead of vertical ones. Some inclined hangers show considerable signs of distress and some of them show slackness due to their location against loads. In this paper a pedestrian suspension bridge with vertical hangers has been studied as a case study. Then, the same bridge has been studied with inclined hangers. To reduce internal forces, fatigue and slackness in hangers, horizontal cables have been added to inclined hangers. This modification is proposed by the present authors. The added horizontal cables transfer the tensile load from overstressed hangers to adjacent slacked hangers. Three different hanger patterns have been analyzed under nonlinear static analysis for symmetrical and nonsymmetrical live load plus dead load. Results showed that the modified hanger system had been improved considerably in comparison with vertical or inclined hangers and wherever that there is no improvement some solutions have been proposed.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Develop Program of China(No.2012AA012301)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘To improve the path slack of Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), this paper proposes a timing slack optimization approach which utilizes the hybrid routing strategy of rip-up-retry and pathfinder. Firstly, effect of process variations on path slack is analyzed, and by constructing a collocation table of delay model that takes into account the multi-corner process, the complex statistical static timing analysis is successfully translated into a simple classical static timing analysis. Then, based on the hybrid routing strategy of rip-up-retry and pathfinder, by adjusting the critical path which detours a long distance, the critical path delay is reduced and the path slack is optimized. Experimental results show that, using the hybrid routing strategy, the number of paths with negative slack can be optimized(reduced) by 85.8% on average compared with the Versatile Place and Route(VPR) timing-driven routing algorithm, while the run-time is only increased by 15.02% on average.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2002AA1Z1490)the Spe-cialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20040486049)
文摘To minimize battery consumption for portable devices, the prescheduling policy of battery-aware scheduling was improved by optimizing slack distribution. A battery-aware compound task scheduling （BACTS） algorithm considering various aspects including task deadline, current and execution time was proposed and evaluated with the previously prevailing earliest deadline first （EDF） algorithm. The results indicate the proposed BACTS algorithm manages to figure out a feasible schedule （if available） in battery-aware task scheduling even for disorganized connected task graphs beyond the solving ability of EDF. Its schedule achieves better performance with lower charge consumption after prescheduling, and also lower or equal optimum charge consumption after voltage scaling.
