Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet ...Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.展开更多
This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhance...This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhanced with gated attention mechanisms,to refine segmentation by emphasizing spatially relevant anatomical features while suppressing irrelevant details.By isolating skeletal structures which remain stable over time compared to soft tissues,this method leverages bones as reliable biometric markers for identity verification.The model integrates custom-designed encoder and decoder blocks with attention gates,achieving high segmentation precision.To evaluate the impact of architectural choices,we conducted an ablation study comparing Attention U-Net with and without attentionmechanisms,alongside an analysis of data augmentation effects.Training and evaluation were performed on a curated chest X-ray dataset,with segmentation performance measured using Dice score,precision,and loss functions,achieving over 98% precision and 94% Dice score.The extracted bone structures were further processed to derive unique biometric patterns,enabling robust and privacy-preserving person identification.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of attentionmechanisms in improving segmentation accuracy and underscore the potential of chest bonebased biometrics in forensic and medical imaging.This work paves the way for integrating artificial intelligence into real-world forensic workflows,offering a non-invasive and reliable solution for post-mortem identification.展开更多
We successfully obtained 3D skeletal images of Hyla suweonensis, employing a nondestructive method by applying appropriate anesthesia and limiting the radiation dose. H. suweonensis is a tree frog endemic to Korea and...We successfully obtained 3D skeletal images of Hyla suweonensis, employing a nondestructive method by applying appropriate anesthesia and limiting the radiation dose. H. suweonensis is a tree frog endemic to Korea and is on the list of endangered species. Previous studies have employed caliper-based measurements and two-dimensional （2D） X-ray imaging for anatomical analyses of the skeletal system or bone types of H. suweonensis. In this work we reconstructed three-dimensional （3D） skeletal images of H. suweonensis, utilizing a nondestructive micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） with a short scan and low radiation dose （i.e. 4 min and 0.16 Gy）. Importantly, our approach can be applied to the imaging of 3D skeletal systems of other endangered frog species, allowing both versatile and high contrast images of anatomical structures without causing any significant damages to the living animal.展开更多
There have been divergent opinions on whether Conophyllia develops synapticulae and dissepiments since its erection in 1849, with different views existing on the morphology of columella in Conophyllia.This paper prese...There have been divergent opinions on whether Conophyllia develops synapticulae and dissepiments since its erection in 1849, with different views existing on the morphology of columella in Conophyllia.This paper presents a comprehensive review of Conophyllia, and revises the diagnosis according to new material from the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet.The revised diagnosis emphasises the following features： solitary coral; abundant radial elements subequal in thickness, lateral faces with granules and synapticulae; parietal, papillar or incompact columella, a few species lacking in columella; developed dissepiments.Individuals of Conophyllia have laminar septa of Triadophyllum type in earlier ontogenetic stages, while their septa in later ontogenetic stages are more fenestrate.The geological and geographical distribution of this genus is discussed, with five species of Conophylliafrom the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet being described and illustrated, including one new species and two in open nomenclatue.展开更多
The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-...The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-type,magnetite-type,and vanadium-titanium magnetite-type)during mineralization were analyzed via polarized light microscopy and FactSage.The results indicated that hematite appeared as primary and secondary forms in different sinter types at 900℃.In the heating process,calcium ferrite,magnetite,and perovskite formed at 1150,1280,and 1400℃,respectively,while olivine formed at 1200℃during cooling.From room temperature to1400℃,microstructures evolved from powder-like to porphyritic and skeletal crystal forms.During cooling(1280 to 1100℃),an interlaced-erosion structure was observed.FactSage simulations show that in the low-temperature phase,the liquid composition is closer to the high-basicity CaO–Fe_(2)O_(3)liquid phase region,where silica-ferrite of calcium and aluminum(SFCA)binds with magnetite and hematite to form an interlaced-erosion structure.The porphyritic structure resulted from SFCA melting into the liquid phase,hematite decomposing,and the glass phase cementing magnetite upon quenching.The skeletal crystal structure forms during the high-temperature phase as the high silicate content in the liquid phase increases melting viscosity,reduces local medium concentration,and leads to incomplete crystal growth.This research aims to advance high-basicity sinter metallogenic theory and guide sintering quality improvement.展开更多
Structural changes induced by water desorption from D-penicillaminato(D-pen)Cu_(8)^(I)Cu_(6)^(II)clusters aggregated into three polymorphic crystal structures((1)1D helical,(2)2D hexagonal sheet,and(3)discrete cubic)w...Structural changes induced by water desorption from D-penicillaminato(D-pen)Cu_(8)^(I)Cu_(6)^(II)clusters aggregated into three polymorphic crystal structures((1)1D helical,(2)2D hexagonal sheet,and(3)discrete cubic)were investigated by terahertz(THz)absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry(XRD),which provided information on the skeletal and crystal structures of the clusters,respectively.The water molecules incorporated into the crystals were removed by evacuation and heating to 100°C.展开更多
文摘Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.
基金funded by Umm Al-Qura University,Saudi Arabia under grant number:25UQU4300346GSSR08.
文摘This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhanced with gated attention mechanisms,to refine segmentation by emphasizing spatially relevant anatomical features while suppressing irrelevant details.By isolating skeletal structures which remain stable over time compared to soft tissues,this method leverages bones as reliable biometric markers for identity verification.The model integrates custom-designed encoder and decoder blocks with attention gates,achieving high segmentation precision.To evaluate the impact of architectural choices,we conducted an ablation study comparing Attention U-Net with and without attentionmechanisms,alongside an analysis of data augmentation effects.Training and evaluation were performed on a curated chest X-ray dataset,with segmentation performance measured using Dice score,precision,and loss functions,achieving over 98% precision and 94% Dice score.The extracted bone structures were further processed to derive unique biometric patterns,enabling robust and privacy-preserving person identification.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of attentionmechanisms in improving segmentation accuracy and underscore the potential of chest bonebased biometrics in forensic and medical imaging.This work paves the way for integrating artificial intelligence into real-world forensic workflows,offering a non-invasive and reliable solution for post-mortem identification.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (grant numbers: NRF-2015R1C1A1A01052498 and NRF2014R1A1A1006010)
文摘We successfully obtained 3D skeletal images of Hyla suweonensis, employing a nondestructive method by applying appropriate anesthesia and limiting the radiation dose. H. suweonensis is a tree frog endemic to Korea and is on the list of endangered species. Previous studies have employed caliper-based measurements and two-dimensional （2D） X-ray imaging for anatomical analyses of the skeletal system or bone types of H. suweonensis. In this work we reconstructed three-dimensional （3D） skeletal images of H. suweonensis, utilizing a nondestructive micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） with a short scan and low radiation dose （i.e. 4 min and 0.16 Gy）. Importantly, our approach can be applied to the imaging of 3D skeletal systems of other endangered frog species, allowing both versatile and high contrast images of anatomical structures without causing any significant damages to the living animal.
基金supported by the Project "Tectonic attributes of the South Qiangtang Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin, based on deformation and metamorphic character" (Project number is: 1212011121271)the Project "1:50,000 Geological Survey of Four Regions in Renacuo Area" (Project number is: 1212011121244)
文摘There have been divergent opinions on whether Conophyllia develops synapticulae and dissepiments since its erection in 1849, with different views existing on the morphology of columella in Conophyllia.This paper presents a comprehensive review of Conophyllia, and revises the diagnosis according to new material from the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet.The revised diagnosis emphasises the following features： solitary coral; abundant radial elements subequal in thickness, lateral faces with granules and synapticulae; parietal, papillar or incompact columella, a few species lacking in columella; developed dissepiments.Individuals of Conophyllia have laminar septa of Triadophyllum type in earlier ontogenetic stages, while their septa in later ontogenetic stages are more fenestrate.The geological and geographical distribution of this genus is discussed, with five species of Conophylliafrom the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet being described and illustrated, including one new species and two in open nomenclatue.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province,China(No.246Z4102G)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
文摘The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-type,magnetite-type,and vanadium-titanium magnetite-type)during mineralization were analyzed via polarized light microscopy and FactSage.The results indicated that hematite appeared as primary and secondary forms in different sinter types at 900℃.In the heating process,calcium ferrite,magnetite,and perovskite formed at 1150,1280,and 1400℃,respectively,while olivine formed at 1200℃during cooling.From room temperature to1400℃,microstructures evolved from powder-like to porphyritic and skeletal crystal forms.During cooling(1280 to 1100℃),an interlaced-erosion structure was observed.FactSage simulations show that in the low-temperature phase,the liquid composition is closer to the high-basicity CaO–Fe_(2)O_(3)liquid phase region,where silica-ferrite of calcium and aluminum(SFCA)binds with magnetite and hematite to form an interlaced-erosion structure.The porphyritic structure resulted from SFCA melting into the liquid phase,hematite decomposing,and the glass phase cementing magnetite upon quenching.The skeletal crystal structure forms during the high-temperature phase as the high silicate content in the liquid phase increases melting viscosity,reduces local medium concentration,and leads to incomplete crystal growth.This research aims to advance high-basicity sinter metallogenic theory and guide sintering quality improvement.
基金supported by CREST,JST,and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI),grant numbers 15K05404 and 25870387The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL02B2 beamline of SPring-8(Japan)with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute(JASRI)(proposal no.2015A1506 and 2015A1520).
文摘Structural changes induced by water desorption from D-penicillaminato(D-pen)Cu_(8)^(I)Cu_(6)^(II)clusters aggregated into three polymorphic crystal structures((1)1D helical,(2)2D hexagonal sheet,and(3)discrete cubic)were investigated by terahertz(THz)absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry(XRD),which provided information on the skeletal and crystal structures of the clusters,respectively.The water molecules incorporated into the crystals were removed by evacuation and heating to 100°C.
