A mechanical model of skating motion was founded, and its solution was obtained by using the Routh's equations in nonholonomic dynamics. The two kinds of common, local meaning and scleronomic motions were discusse...A mechanical model of skating motion was founded, and its solution was obtained by using the Routh's equations in nonholonomic dynamics. The two kinds of common, local meaning and scleronomic motions were discussed in detail. The computational results turn out in good agreement with observations.展开更多
A vast amount of research has been devoted to gender roles in mass media. Prior studies relating to gender roles in media coverage of sports have been typically centered on underrepresentation, negative stereotypical ...A vast amount of research has been devoted to gender roles in mass media. Prior studies relating to gender roles in media coverage of sports have been typically centered on underrepresentation, negative stereotypical portrayals of female athletes, and iconic heroic portrayals of male athletes. However, few studies have examined media coverage of male participation in so-called ＂gender inappropriate＂ sports. This research seeks to fill a gap in literature by exploring gender cues presented in the televised coverage of male and female figure skating events in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The findings from this research indicate that male athletes who cross gender barriers to participate in a feminine sport are likely to receive gender-marked stereotypical televised coverage. Much of the significant findings indicate that male figure skaters were visually and verbally portrayed as more feminine than the female figure skaters. The study opens lines of research into how sports are portrayed and could potentially influence sport marketing, athlete endorsements, athlete wardrobe, and other decisions made by the media, athletes, and individuals working in the sport industry.展开更多
Flatland fancy roller skating is a relatively novel sports, and can strengthen the students' physical sensitivity, flexibility, balance and coordination ability after long-term training. Therefore, in view of its ...Flatland fancy roller skating is a relatively novel sports, and can strengthen the students' physical sensitivity, flexibility, balance and coordination ability after long-term training. Therefore, in view of its advantages, many higher vocational colleges in Hebei Province have offered this course. Its purpose is to enable students to have good physical quality under this training, but at the same time, the sport is difficult, and because of the limited quality of students at this stage, students often have great fear of the course, which leads to the ineffective implementation of roller skating. Based on this, this paper mainly takes Hebei higher vocational colleges as an example to analyze how to overcome the fear of flatland fancy roller skating.展开更多
Figure skating is a highly technical sport that demands athletes’precise control of takeoff timing,blade edge,and force application—with blade edge playing a particularly critical role in both performance quality an...Figure skating is a highly technical sport that demands athletes’precise control of takeoff timing,blade edge,and force application—with blade edge playing a particularly critical role in both performance quality and competitive success.We present a novel automated Blade-type Discrimination Algorithm(BDA)that leverages MediaPipe technology to significantly improve the accuracy of blade edge identification.By defining four boundary angle thresholds for blade transitions,BDA algorithm precisely identifies blade types,such as inside edge,outside edge,and vague edge,while delivering real-time discrimination capabilities.Accurate identification of blade type at takeoff moment is crucial to ensuring scoring fairness.Accordingly,we provide a method to determine the moment of takeoff and extract the relevant frames from the video.Furthermore,the blade types can be determined by BDA algorithm.To validate the algorithm’s effectiveness,we collect 437 competition videos,then extract these videos into 858 high-quality jump video segments to construct a robust dataset of figure skating jumps.Evaluation results show that BDA algorithm attains an overall accuracy of 79.09%in blade-type discrimination,demonstrating its precision and reliability in real-time blade-type discrimination.展开更多
The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skil...The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skills and strong will in different kinds of winter sports,such as skiing,skating and ice hockey.展开更多
The slipperiness of ice is well known while,for ice skating,its mechanism still needs further investigation,where the complex interactions including the thermal conduction of the skate–meltwater–ice system,the ploug...The slipperiness of ice is well known while,for ice skating,its mechanism still needs further investigation,where the complex interactions including the thermal conduction of the skate–meltwater–ice system,the ploughing and the frictional melting of ice to the friction force are still unclear.This study presents a theoretical framework and a simplified analytical solution to unveil the friction mechanism when a curved skate sliding on ice.The theory is validated by experiments and the effects of these various factors,including the sliding velocity,the ice temperature,the supporting weight,and the geometry of the skate blade to the friction are revealed in detail.This study finds that the contribution of friction force from the ploughing deformation through skate indentation and that from the fluid friction through the shear motion of the meltwater layer is comparable with each other,which thus clarifies how the ploughing deformation of the ice substrate together with its frictional melting regulates the friction during skating.展开更多
1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the Interna...1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the International Olympic Committee(IOC),sustainable development was officially listed as one of the core concepts of the Olympic Games.Since the beginning of the bid,the concept of ctathlete-centered,sustainable and economical”was proposed,which was highly consistent with the idea of the Olympic Agenda 2020.To implement the concept of holding“green”Olympic Games and meet the sustainability requirements of the IOC,the Organizing Committee of Beijing Winter Olympic Games issued a series of documents related to the sustainability of sports venues such as Sustainability Policies for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games,and strived to realize the sustainable development of sports venues in the whole life cycle of planning and design stage,construction stage,operation stage,and post-game utilization.展开更多
Objective To explore the influence of the oval(plateau or plain),the lane(inner or outer),and simultaneous entry(long distance or sprint)on the result and pacing strategy in speed skating men’s 1500 m.Methods Multi-f...Objective To explore the influence of the oval(plateau or plain),the lane(inner or outer),and simultaneous entry(long distance or sprint)on the result and pacing strategy in speed skating men’s 1500 m.Methods Multi-factor analysis of variance,independent sample T test,Spearman correlation coefficient method,paired T test and other statistical methods are used to analyze the relationship and differences between the oval(plateau or plain),the lane(inner or outer),and/or simultaneous entry(long distance or sprint)and the results of the top 8 athletes of the ISU event in the 2019-2020 season.Results Among the three factors of oval,lane,and simultaneous entry,only the altitude will improve the athlete’s perfor-mance of 1500 m,an increase of about 2.52%(2.65 s).Both the oval and the simultaneous entry will affect the athlete’s 1500 m pacing strategy.Athletes tend to adopt a more positive strategy when competing in plateau;the sprint athletes have a faster opening,but a slower ending.Conclusion At present,the level of speed skating in China and the world is in the highest period.Among the oval factors,the highland oval can significantly improve the athletes’performance of 1500 m;athletes tend to adopt a more positive pacing strategy in the plateau than in the plain.In the process of preparing for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games,we can predict the competitive level of the opponent through the plateau competition results and carry out targeted preparation.Different lanes do not affect the athlete’s 1500 m performance and pacing strategy but may affect the athlete’s final lap speed.There is no obvious difference between the sprint and long-distance athletes on the performance of 1500 m,but the sprint athletes have a faster opening and a slower ending,and the long-distance athletes have a faster final lap and a smaller drop between each lap.展开更多
On the inaugural day of the Lakeview Place ice rink, profes-sional skaters performed a fig-ure skating display for the audi-ence, including some popular skating routines such as The Butterfly Lovers, The Leut Day and ...On the inaugural day of the Lakeview Place ice rink, profes-sional skaters performed a fig-ure skating display for the audi-ence, including some popular skating routines such as The Butterfly Lovers, The Leut Day and The Blue Danube展开更多
There is something very odd about the weather in Beijing.It’s mid-February when, according to my experience ,my bones should be rattling and all the city’s lakes should be frozen solid.
ON March 11, 1995, 18-year-old Chinese athlete Chen Lu took first place in the women’s singles of the World Figure Skating Championship held in Birmingham, Britain. For the first time, the name of a Chinese was recor...ON March 11, 1995, 18-year-old Chinese athlete Chen Lu took first place in the women’s singles of the World Figure Skating Championship held in Birmingham, Britain. For the first time, the name of a Chinese was recorded on the list of single skating champions.展开更多
Background:Cross-country skiing(XCS)racing,a popular international winter sport,is complex and challenging from physical,technical,and tactical perspectives.Despite the vast amount of research focusing on this sport,n...Background:Cross-country skiing(XCS)racing,a popular international winter sport,is complex and challenging from physical,technical,and tactical perspectives.Despite the vast amount of research focusing on this sport,no review has yet addressed the pacing strategies of elite XCS racers or the factors that influence their performance.The aim was to review the scientific literature in an attempt to determine the effects of pacing strategy on the performance of elite XCS racers.Methods:Four electronic databases were searched using relevant subject headings and keywords.Only original research articles published in peerreviewed journals and the English language and addressing performance,biomechanics,physiology,and anthropometry of XCS racers were reviewed.Results:All 27 included articles applied correlative designs to study the effectiveness of different pacing strategies.None of the articles involved the use of an experimental design.Furthermore,potential changes in external conditions(e.g.,weather,ski properties)were not taken into consideration.A comparable number of studies focused on the skating or classical technique.In most cases,positive pacing was observed,with certain indications that higher-level athletes and those with more endurance and strength utilized a more even pacing strategy.The ability to achieve and maintain a long cycle length on all types of terrain was an important determinant of performance in all of the included studies,which was not the case for cycle rate.In general,uphill performance was closely related to overall race performance,with uphill performance being most closely correlated to the success of female skiers and performance on flat terrain being more important for male skiers.Moreover,pacing was coupled to the selection and distribution of technique during a race,with faster skiers employing more double poling and kick double poling,less diagonal stride,and more V2(double dance)than V1(single dance)skating across a race.Conclusion:We propose that skiers at all levels can improve their performance with more specific training in techniques(i.e.,maintaining long cycles without compromising cycle rate and selecting appropriate techniques)in combination with training for endurance and more strength.Furthermore,we would advise less experienced skiers and/or those with lower levels of performance to apply a more even pacing strategy rather than a positive one(i.e.,starting the race too fast).2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
In recent years,the Internet has gradually developed into a mature tool,which can integrate technologies involved in different application scenarios.The Internet allows the integration of solutions to different proble...In recent years,the Internet has gradually developed into a mature tool,which can integrate technologies involved in different application scenarios.The Internet allows the integration of solutions to different problems,which benefits both users and companies.The Internet of Things is a further development of the Internet,which can further realize the interconnection of people,machines,and things.The work of this paper mainly focuses on the use of Internet of Things technology to achieve efficient management.A wireless device is designed in the paper,which can be integrated in a helmet.This helmet can be used in some specific scenarios.Managers can use the Internet of Things technology to call the data generated by the hearing equipment and lighting equipment in the helmet to identify users.These helmets can be managed through a network platform.On the network platform,in addition to the helmet,some other components can be allowed to access,making the platform more universal and convenient.This paper elaborates on the design and development of the project and shows how to use it for effective time management in the skating rink.展开更多
Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells we...Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.展开更多
Adidas Super Skate绝对是近些年最令人期待推出别注的鞋款之一。回想到2004年．BAPE正值品牌创立10周年之际，当时BAPE分别挑选了adidas中最经典的Superstar以及滑板鞋SuperSkate为素材．分别推出名为Super APE Star及Super APE Skate...Adidas Super Skate绝对是近些年最令人期待推出别注的鞋款之一。回想到2004年．BAPE正值品牌创立10周年之际，当时BAPE分别挑选了adidas中最经典的Superstar以及滑板鞋SuperSkate为素材．分别推出名为Super APE Star及Super APE Skate两个鞋款．一经推出炒价就瞬间破万，绝对要佩服BAPE的影响力。在adidas或Superstar 35周年庆典上，仓石一树就曾穿着过一双蛇皮幻彩staff版Super APE Skate、因为这双鞋只作BAPE内部员工穿用，并不做公开发售而且数量又非常有限．顿时令这双的价格瞬间达到五位数，但仍然造成有价无市的场面，由于流入市面上的数量极少，很多人都是只见过图片没见过实物．所以都愿意称其为“传奇”鞋款、于是很多潮人就更加期待下一次Super Skate会跟何品牌合作再创奇迹：但可惜的是。展开更多
For spectators accustomed to human football matches,the sight of robots playing soccer is truly amusing.Ten robots,each standing 1.2 meters tall and weighing 30 kg,"gal-loped"across the green field in pursui...For spectators accustomed to human football matches,the sight of robots playing soccer is truly amusing.Ten robots,each standing 1.2 meters tall and weighing 30 kg,"gal-loped"across the green field in pursuit of glory.Though their actual movement speed fell far short of human athletes and they could even be described as somewhat clumsy and slow,they made history.This five-a-side(5v5)humanoid robot soccer match was part of the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.This inaugural comprehensive humanoid robot games took place from August 14 to 17 at the National Speed Skating Oval in Beijing,an iconic former Olympic Winter Games venue known as Ice Ribbon.展开更多
Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)complet...Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)completed combines with United States Figure Skating on two consecutive seasons between 2011 and 2018.Skaters either remained in the same competitive on-ice level or increased by one level on consecutive seasons.All athletes completed the hexagon agility test,maximal verti-cal jump,timed tuck jumps,push-ups,and bent knee v-ups.Repeated-measures analyses of variance separated by sex with Tukey’s post hoc were performed for each dependent variable and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated for all significant differences.Results Female skaters who remained in the same level demonstrated improved performance on vertical jump(3.66 cm higher),timed tuck jumps(3.77 more jumps),v-ups(1.59 more v-ups),and hexagon jump(1.17 s faster).There was an interaction for female skaters who remained in the same level(P=0.004),with senior and junior levels outperforming inter-mediate level skaters on the hexagon jump test.Female skaters who increased level demonstrated improved performance on the vertical jump(2.24 cm higher),hexagon jump(1.16 cm faster),and tuck jump(3.03 more jumps).Male skaters did not demonstrate any changes in performance except v-ups(2.86 more v-ups)for those who increased level.Conclusions The greatest changes were in lower level female skaters who remained in the same level,supporting the impor-tance of participating in strength and conditioning programs earlier in skating careers to maximize athleticism before reaching the senior level,when changes in off-ice performance plateau.展开更多
At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we exa...At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we examined the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile of blood plasma in 7 males and 5 females specializing in speed skating at a 21-day training camp at 1850m above sea level.Training included:cycling,roller skating,ice skating,strength training,and special training.At the start point and the endpoint,total hemoglobin mass(tHb-mass),hemoglobin concentration,and circulating blood volume were determined.Antioxidant profiles,hypoxic doses,hypoxic impulses,and training impulses were assessed at 3,6,10,14,and 18 days.Antioxidant profiles consisting of“urate”and“thiol”parts were registered with chemiluminometry.In the training dynamics,antioxidant parameters changed individually,but in total there was a decrease in the“urate”capacity by a factor of 1.6(p=0.001)and an increase in the“thiol”capacity by a factor of 1.8(p=0.013).The changes in“urate”capacity positively correlated(r_(S)=0.40)and the changes in“thiol”capacity negatively correlated(r_(S)=−0.45)with changes in tHb-mass.Both exercise and hypoxic factors affect the antioxidant parameters bidirectionally.They correlated with a decrease in thiol capacity and with an increase in urate capacity.The assessment of the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile can be a simple and useful addition to screening the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and can help choose the personalized training schedule,individualize recovery and ergogenic support.展开更多
文摘A mechanical model of skating motion was founded, and its solution was obtained by using the Routh's equations in nonholonomic dynamics. The two kinds of common, local meaning and scleronomic motions were discussed in detail. The computational results turn out in good agreement with observations.
文摘A vast amount of research has been devoted to gender roles in mass media. Prior studies relating to gender roles in media coverage of sports have been typically centered on underrepresentation, negative stereotypical portrayals of female athletes, and iconic heroic portrayals of male athletes. However, few studies have examined media coverage of male participation in so-called ＂gender inappropriate＂ sports. This research seeks to fill a gap in literature by exploring gender cues presented in the televised coverage of male and female figure skating events in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The findings from this research indicate that male athletes who cross gender barriers to participate in a feminine sport are likely to receive gender-marked stereotypical televised coverage. Much of the significant findings indicate that male figure skaters were visually and verbally portrayed as more feminine than the female figure skaters. The study opens lines of research into how sports are portrayed and could potentially influence sport marketing, athlete endorsements, athlete wardrobe, and other decisions made by the media, athletes, and individuals working in the sport industry.
文摘Flatland fancy roller skating is a relatively novel sports, and can strengthen the students' physical sensitivity, flexibility, balance and coordination ability after long-term training. Therefore, in view of its advantages, many higher vocational colleges in Hebei Province have offered this course. Its purpose is to enable students to have good physical quality under this training, but at the same time, the sport is difficult, and because of the limited quality of students at this stage, students often have great fear of the course, which leads to the ineffective implementation of roller skating. Based on this, this paper mainly takes Hebei higher vocational colleges as an example to analyze how to overcome the fear of flatland fancy roller skating.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.L247008the National Key RD Program of China under Grant No.2020AAA0108600.
文摘Figure skating is a highly technical sport that demands athletes’precise control of takeoff timing,blade edge,and force application—with blade edge playing a particularly critical role in both performance quality and competitive success.We present a novel automated Blade-type Discrimination Algorithm(BDA)that leverages MediaPipe technology to significantly improve the accuracy of blade edge identification.By defining four boundary angle thresholds for blade transitions,BDA algorithm precisely identifies blade types,such as inside edge,outside edge,and vague edge,while delivering real-time discrimination capabilities.Accurate identification of blade type at takeoff moment is crucial to ensuring scoring fairness.Accordingly,we provide a method to determine the moment of takeoff and extract the relevant frames from the video.Furthermore,the blade types can be determined by BDA algorithm.To validate the algorithm’s effectiveness,we collect 437 competition videos,then extract these videos into 858 high-quality jump video segments to construct a robust dataset of figure skating jumps.Evaluation results show that BDA algorithm attains an overall accuracy of 79.09%in blade-type discrimination,demonstrating its precision and reliability in real-time blade-type discrimination.
文摘The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skills and strong will in different kinds of winter sports,such as skiing,skating and ice hockey.
基金This research was primary supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFF0304600).
文摘The slipperiness of ice is well known while,for ice skating,its mechanism still needs further investigation,where the complex interactions including the thermal conduction of the skate–meltwater–ice system,the ploughing and the frictional melting of ice to the friction force are still unclear.This study presents a theoretical framework and a simplified analytical solution to unveil the friction mechanism when a curved skate sliding on ice.The theory is validated by experiments and the effects of these various factors,including the sliding velocity,the ice temperature,the supporting weight,and the geometry of the skate blade to the friction are revealed in detail.This study finds that the contribution of friction force from the ploughing deformation through skate indentation and that from the fluid friction through the shear motion of the meltwater layer is comparable with each other,which thus clarifies how the ploughing deformation of the ice substrate together with its frictional melting regulates the friction during skating.
文摘1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the International Olympic Committee(IOC),sustainable development was officially listed as one of the core concepts of the Olympic Games.Since the beginning of the bid,the concept of ctathlete-centered,sustainable and economical”was proposed,which was highly consistent with the idea of the Olympic Agenda 2020.To implement the concept of holding“green”Olympic Games and meet the sustainability requirements of the IOC,the Organizing Committee of Beijing Winter Olympic Games issued a series of documents related to the sustainability of sports venues such as Sustainability Policies for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games,and strived to realize the sustainable development of sports venues in the whole life cycle of planning and design stage,construction stage,operation stage,and post-game utilization.
基金We are thankful for the financial support provided by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFF0300801).
文摘Objective To explore the influence of the oval(plateau or plain),the lane(inner or outer),and simultaneous entry(long distance or sprint)on the result and pacing strategy in speed skating men’s 1500 m.Methods Multi-factor analysis of variance,independent sample T test,Spearman correlation coefficient method,paired T test and other statistical methods are used to analyze the relationship and differences between the oval(plateau or plain),the lane(inner or outer),and/or simultaneous entry(long distance or sprint)and the results of the top 8 athletes of the ISU event in the 2019-2020 season.Results Among the three factors of oval,lane,and simultaneous entry,only the altitude will improve the athlete’s perfor-mance of 1500 m,an increase of about 2.52%(2.65 s).Both the oval and the simultaneous entry will affect the athlete’s 1500 m pacing strategy.Athletes tend to adopt a more positive strategy when competing in plateau;the sprint athletes have a faster opening,but a slower ending.Conclusion At present,the level of speed skating in China and the world is in the highest period.Among the oval factors,the highland oval can significantly improve the athletes’performance of 1500 m;athletes tend to adopt a more positive pacing strategy in the plateau than in the plain.In the process of preparing for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games,we can predict the competitive level of the opponent through the plateau competition results and carry out targeted preparation.Different lanes do not affect the athlete’s 1500 m performance and pacing strategy but may affect the athlete’s final lap speed.There is no obvious difference between the sprint and long-distance athletes on the performance of 1500 m,but the sprint athletes have a faster opening and a slower ending,and the long-distance athletes have a faster final lap and a smaller drop between each lap.
文摘On the inaugural day of the Lakeview Place ice rink, profes-sional skaters performed a fig-ure skating display for the audi-ence, including some popular skating routines such as The Butterfly Lovers, The Leut Day and The Blue Danube
文摘There is something very odd about the weather in Beijing.It’s mid-February when, according to my experience ,my bones should be rattling and all the city’s lakes should be frozen solid.
文摘ON March 11, 1995, 18-year-old Chinese athlete Chen Lu took first place in the women’s singles of the World Figure Skating Championship held in Birmingham, Britain. For the first time, the name of a Chinese was recorded on the list of single skating champions.
文摘Background:Cross-country skiing(XCS)racing,a popular international winter sport,is complex and challenging from physical,technical,and tactical perspectives.Despite the vast amount of research focusing on this sport,no review has yet addressed the pacing strategies of elite XCS racers or the factors that influence their performance.The aim was to review the scientific literature in an attempt to determine the effects of pacing strategy on the performance of elite XCS racers.Methods:Four electronic databases were searched using relevant subject headings and keywords.Only original research articles published in peerreviewed journals and the English language and addressing performance,biomechanics,physiology,and anthropometry of XCS racers were reviewed.Results:All 27 included articles applied correlative designs to study the effectiveness of different pacing strategies.None of the articles involved the use of an experimental design.Furthermore,potential changes in external conditions(e.g.,weather,ski properties)were not taken into consideration.A comparable number of studies focused on the skating or classical technique.In most cases,positive pacing was observed,with certain indications that higher-level athletes and those with more endurance and strength utilized a more even pacing strategy.The ability to achieve and maintain a long cycle length on all types of terrain was an important determinant of performance in all of the included studies,which was not the case for cycle rate.In general,uphill performance was closely related to overall race performance,with uphill performance being most closely correlated to the success of female skiers and performance on flat terrain being more important for male skiers.Moreover,pacing was coupled to the selection and distribution of technique during a race,with faster skiers employing more double poling and kick double poling,less diagonal stride,and more V2(double dance)than V1(single dance)skating across a race.Conclusion:We propose that skiers at all levels can improve their performance with more specific training in techniques(i.e.,maintaining long cycles without compromising cycle rate and selecting appropriate techniques)in combination with training for endurance and more strength.Furthermore,we would advise less experienced skiers and/or those with lower levels of performance to apply a more even pacing strategy rather than a positive one(i.e.,starting the race too fast).2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
文摘In recent years,the Internet has gradually developed into a mature tool,which can integrate technologies involved in different application scenarios.The Internet allows the integration of solutions to different problems,which benefits both users and companies.The Internet of Things is a further development of the Internet,which can further realize the interconnection of people,machines,and things.The work of this paper mainly focuses on the use of Internet of Things technology to achieve efficient management.A wireless device is designed in the paper,which can be integrated in a helmet.This helmet can be used in some specific scenarios.Managers can use the Internet of Things technology to call the data generated by the hearing equipment and lighting equipment in the helmet to identify users.These helmets can be managed through a network platform.On the network platform,in addition to the helmet,some other components can be allowed to access,making the platform more universal and convenient.This paper elaborates on the design and development of the project and shows how to use it for effective time management in the skating rink.
文摘Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.
文摘Adidas Super Skate绝对是近些年最令人期待推出别注的鞋款之一。回想到2004年．BAPE正值品牌创立10周年之际，当时BAPE分别挑选了adidas中最经典的Superstar以及滑板鞋SuperSkate为素材．分别推出名为Super APE Star及Super APE Skate两个鞋款．一经推出炒价就瞬间破万，绝对要佩服BAPE的影响力。在adidas或Superstar 35周年庆典上，仓石一树就曾穿着过一双蛇皮幻彩staff版Super APE Skate、因为这双鞋只作BAPE内部员工穿用，并不做公开发售而且数量又非常有限．顿时令这双的价格瞬间达到五位数，但仍然造成有价无市的场面，由于流入市面上的数量极少，很多人都是只见过图片没见过实物．所以都愿意称其为“传奇”鞋款、于是很多潮人就更加期待下一次Super Skate会跟何品牌合作再创奇迹：但可惜的是。
文摘For spectators accustomed to human football matches,the sight of robots playing soccer is truly amusing.Ten robots,each standing 1.2 meters tall and weighing 30 kg,"gal-loped"across the green field in pursuit of glory.Though their actual movement speed fell far short of human athletes and they could even be described as somewhat clumsy and slow,they made history.This five-a-side(5v5)humanoid robot soccer match was part of the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.This inaugural comprehensive humanoid robot games took place from August 14 to 17 at the National Speed Skating Oval in Beijing,an iconic former Olympic Winter Games venue known as Ice Ribbon.
文摘Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)completed combines with United States Figure Skating on two consecutive seasons between 2011 and 2018.Skaters either remained in the same competitive on-ice level or increased by one level on consecutive seasons.All athletes completed the hexagon agility test,maximal verti-cal jump,timed tuck jumps,push-ups,and bent knee v-ups.Repeated-measures analyses of variance separated by sex with Tukey’s post hoc were performed for each dependent variable and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated for all significant differences.Results Female skaters who remained in the same level demonstrated improved performance on vertical jump(3.66 cm higher),timed tuck jumps(3.77 more jumps),v-ups(1.59 more v-ups),and hexagon jump(1.17 s faster).There was an interaction for female skaters who remained in the same level(P=0.004),with senior and junior levels outperforming inter-mediate level skaters on the hexagon jump test.Female skaters who increased level demonstrated improved performance on the vertical jump(2.24 cm higher),hexagon jump(1.16 cm faster),and tuck jump(3.03 more jumps).Male skaters did not demonstrate any changes in performance except v-ups(2.86 more v-ups)for those who increased level.Conclusions The greatest changes were in lower level female skaters who remained in the same level,supporting the impor-tance of participating in strength and conditioning programs earlier in skating careers to maximize athleticism before reaching the senior level,when changes in off-ice performance plateau.
文摘At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we examined the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile of blood plasma in 7 males and 5 females specializing in speed skating at a 21-day training camp at 1850m above sea level.Training included:cycling,roller skating,ice skating,strength training,and special training.At the start point and the endpoint,total hemoglobin mass(tHb-mass),hemoglobin concentration,and circulating blood volume were determined.Antioxidant profiles,hypoxic doses,hypoxic impulses,and training impulses were assessed at 3,6,10,14,and 18 days.Antioxidant profiles consisting of“urate”and“thiol”parts were registered with chemiluminometry.In the training dynamics,antioxidant parameters changed individually,but in total there was a decrease in the“urate”capacity by a factor of 1.6(p=0.001)and an increase in the“thiol”capacity by a factor of 1.8(p=0.013).The changes in“urate”capacity positively correlated(r_(S)=0.40)and the changes in“thiol”capacity negatively correlated(r_(S)=−0.45)with changes in tHb-mass.Both exercise and hypoxic factors affect the antioxidant parameters bidirectionally.They correlated with a decrease in thiol capacity and with an increase in urate capacity.The assessment of the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile can be a simple and useful addition to screening the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and can help choose the personalized training schedule,individualize recovery and ergogenic support.
