OBJECTIVE Compound Kushen injection(CKI)is a bis-herbal formulation extracted from Kushen(Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)and Baituling(Rhizoma Heterosmilacis Japonicae).Clinically,it is used as the adjuvant treatment of ...OBJECTIVE Compound Kushen injection(CKI)is a bis-herbal formulation extracted from Kushen(Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)and Baituling(Rhizoma Heterosmilacis Japonicae).Clinically,it is used as the adjuvant treatment of cancer.However,with the increased application,the cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions(IHRs)also gradually rise.In this study,we investigated the underlying mechanism(s)and active constituent(s)for CKI-induced IHRs in experimental models.METHODS T helper 2(Th2)immunity-amplified mice were prepared by aluminum adjuvant.Anaphylactic shock was detected by measuring rectal thermometry in propranolol pretreated mice.For evaluating microvascular permeability,Evans blue extravasation assay was used.Platelet-activating factor(PAF),serum total IgE(tIgE)and mouse mast cell protease 1(MMCP1)were measured by ELISA.RESULTS The obtained results showed that CKI did not elevate serum tIgE and MMCP1 after consecutive immunization for five weeks,but could induce Evans blue extravasation(local)and cause obvious hypothermia(systemic)after a single injection.Further study showed that alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,were responsible for CKI-induced IHRs.Mechanism study showed that various PAF receptor antagonists could significantly counter CKI-induced IHRs locally or systemically.In cell system,CKI was able to promote PAF production in a non-cell-selective manner.In cell lysate,the effect of CKI on PAF production became stronger and could be abolished by blocking de novo pathway.CONCLUSION In conclusion,our study identifies,for the first time,that CKI is a PAF inducer.It causes non-immunologic IHRs,rather than IgE-dependent IHRs,by promoting PAF production through de novo pathway.Alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,are the prime culprits for IHRs.Our findings may provide a potential approach for preventing and treating CKI-induced IHRs.展开更多
The 4340 steel is extensively utilized in several industries including automotive and aerospace for manufac- turing a large number of structural components. Due to the importance of thermo-mechanical processing in the...The 4340 steel is extensively utilized in several industries including automotive and aerospace for manufac- turing a large number of structural components. Due to the importance of thermo-mechanical processing in the pro- duction of steels, the dynamic recrystallization （DRX） characteristics of 4340 steel were investigated. Namely, hot compression tests on 4340 steel have been performed in a temperature range of 900-- 1200 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0.01--1 s-1 and the strain of up to 0.9. The resulting flow stress curves show the occurrence of dynamic recrys- tallization. The flow stress values decrease with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. The microstrueture of 4340 steel after deformation has been studied and it is suggested that the evolution of DRX grain structures can be accompanied by considerable migration of grain boundaries. The constitutive equations were developed to model the hot deformation behavior. Finally based on the classical stress-dislocation relations and the kinematics of the dynamic recrystallization; the flow stress constitutive equations for the dynamic recovery period and dynamic reerystallization period were derived for 4340 steel, respectively. The validity of the model was demon- strated by demonstrating the experimental data with the numerical results with reasonable agreement.展开更多
In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers...In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers the unit and load uncertainty of the static frequency characteristic. Firstly, a calculation model is established on the basis of the characteristics of the frequency modulation performance of the unit and load. Then a calculation method is developed using the concept of dynamic power flow in order to determine the probability distribution of the active power flow of each line under the occurrence of a fault in the system. In the method, Monte Carlo sampling with the semi-invariant method is applied for analysis and calculation. The IEEE-30-buses system is taken as an example to analyze the impact of different responses of units on the power flow distribution of various branches. The method discussed herein is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method to verify its effectiveness.展开更多
Metasurface-enabled bound states in the continuum(BICs)provide a novel solution for achieving exceptionally high quality factors(Q factors),which could overcome the limitations of traditional mid-infrared filters,sens...Metasurface-enabled bound states in the continuum(BICs)provide a novel solution for achieving exceptionally high quality factors(Q factors),which could overcome the limitations of traditional mid-infrared filters,sensors,lasers,and nonlinear sources.However,most BIC metasurfaces are restricted by their sensitivity to specific incident angles,limiting their practical applications.Here,we introduced a germanium-based metasurface that supports two BIC modes for different polarizations,exhibiting robust angle insensitivity.By leveraging geometric asymmetry,we effectively controlled BIC leakage and coupling.The device maintained infinite Q factors under oblique incidence with preserved symmetry,and exhibited stable quasi-BIC resonance wavelengths and linewidths even with broken symmetry,regardless of TE or TM polarization.This angular robustness has been validated both theoretically and experimentally,demonstrating its potential for broadening the applicability of high-performance mid-infrared optical devices.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE Compound Kushen injection(CKI)is a bis-herbal formulation extracted from Kushen(Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)and Baituling(Rhizoma Heterosmilacis Japonicae).Clinically,it is used as the adjuvant treatment of cancer.However,with the increased application,the cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions(IHRs)also gradually rise.In this study,we investigated the underlying mechanism(s)and active constituent(s)for CKI-induced IHRs in experimental models.METHODS T helper 2(Th2)immunity-amplified mice were prepared by aluminum adjuvant.Anaphylactic shock was detected by measuring rectal thermometry in propranolol pretreated mice.For evaluating microvascular permeability,Evans blue extravasation assay was used.Platelet-activating factor(PAF),serum total IgE(tIgE)and mouse mast cell protease 1(MMCP1)were measured by ELISA.RESULTS The obtained results showed that CKI did not elevate serum tIgE and MMCP1 after consecutive immunization for five weeks,but could induce Evans blue extravasation(local)and cause obvious hypothermia(systemic)after a single injection.Further study showed that alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,were responsible for CKI-induced IHRs.Mechanism study showed that various PAF receptor antagonists could significantly counter CKI-induced IHRs locally or systemically.In cell system,CKI was able to promote PAF production in a non-cell-selective manner.In cell lysate,the effect of CKI on PAF production became stronger and could be abolished by blocking de novo pathway.CONCLUSION In conclusion,our study identifies,for the first time,that CKI is a PAF inducer.It causes non-immunologic IHRs,rather than IgE-dependent IHRs,by promoting PAF production through de novo pathway.Alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,are the prime culprits for IHRs.Our findings may provide a potential approach for preventing and treating CKI-induced IHRs.
文摘The 4340 steel is extensively utilized in several industries including automotive and aerospace for manufac- turing a large number of structural components. Due to the importance of thermo-mechanical processing in the pro- duction of steels, the dynamic recrystallization （DRX） characteristics of 4340 steel were investigated. Namely, hot compression tests on 4340 steel have been performed in a temperature range of 900-- 1200 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0.01--1 s-1 and the strain of up to 0.9. The resulting flow stress curves show the occurrence of dynamic recrys- tallization. The flow stress values decrease with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. The microstrueture of 4340 steel after deformation has been studied and it is suggested that the evolution of DRX grain structures can be accompanied by considerable migration of grain boundaries. The constitutive equations were developed to model the hot deformation behavior. Finally based on the classical stress-dislocation relations and the kinematics of the dynamic recrystallization; the flow stress constitutive equations for the dynamic recovery period and dynamic reerystallization period were derived for 4340 steel, respectively. The validity of the model was demon- strated by demonstrating the experimental data with the numerical results with reasonable agreement.
基金Supported by the State Grid Scientific and Technological Project (Title: Research on Control Strategy with Fast Demand Response to Severe Power Shortage, SGJS0000DKJS1700263)
文摘In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers the unit and load uncertainty of the static frequency characteristic. Firstly, a calculation model is established on the basis of the characteristics of the frequency modulation performance of the unit and load. Then a calculation method is developed using the concept of dynamic power flow in order to determine the probability distribution of the active power flow of each line under the occurrence of a fault in the system. In the method, Monte Carlo sampling with the semi-invariant method is applied for analysis and calculation. The IEEE-30-buses system is taken as an example to analyze the impact of different responses of units on the power flow distribution of various branches. The method discussed herein is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method to verify its effectiveness.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62105376)the Guangdong Zhujiang Project,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021ZT09X070,2021QN02X488).
文摘Metasurface-enabled bound states in the continuum(BICs)provide a novel solution for achieving exceptionally high quality factors(Q factors),which could overcome the limitations of traditional mid-infrared filters,sensors,lasers,and nonlinear sources.However,most BIC metasurfaces are restricted by their sensitivity to specific incident angles,limiting their practical applications.Here,we introduced a germanium-based metasurface that supports two BIC modes for different polarizations,exhibiting robust angle insensitivity.By leveraging geometric asymmetry,we effectively controlled BIC leakage and coupling.The device maintained infinite Q factors under oblique incidence with preserved symmetry,and exhibited stable quasi-BIC resonance wavelengths and linewidths even with broken symmetry,regardless of TE or TM polarization.This angular robustness has been validated both theoretically and experimentally,demonstrating its potential for broadening the applicability of high-performance mid-infrared optical devices.
