With a view to finding out precisely how small peptides recognize a particular binding site of DNA, we have accomplished DNA binding studies of two peptides, H-Tyr-Arg-OH (YR) and H-Gly-Gly-His-OH (GGH) by using measu...With a view to finding out precisely how small peptides recognize a particular binding site of DNA, we have accomplished DNA binding studies of two peptides, H-Tyr-Arg-OH (YR) and H-Gly-Gly-His-OH (GGH) by using measurements in comparison with the binding between DNA and Hoechst 33258. The inhibition mode by YR and GGH to DNA binding of Hoechst 33258 was analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot which shows the plot of typical competitive inhibition at concentration of Hoechst 33258 from 3.66 ( 10-9 mol / L to 1.09 ( 10-8 mol / L. And it is concluded that YR binds to DNA in its minor groove (AT rich regions) with a binding constant K = 1.02 ( 108 (mol / L)-1. The GGH(s specificity is reduced at high concentration because it can also bind GC base pair.展开更多
The main technical backgrounds and requirements are introduced with regard to earthquake ground motion design parameters in several domestic and American standards,codes and guides involved in the seismic analysis and...The main technical backgrounds and requirements are introduced with regard to earthquake ground motion design parameters in several domestic and American standards,codes and guides involved in the seismic analysis and design activities of nuclear power plants in China.Based on the research results from site seismic safety evaluation of domestic nuclear power plant projects in the last years,characteristics and differences of site specific design spectra are analyzed in comparison with standard response spectra,and the suitability of standard response spectra for domestic nuclear power plant projects is discussed.展开更多
Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting...Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting their structures and biochemical activities.Over the last few years,a variety of promising strategies have been devised that address these challenges including those that involve introduction of small-size peptide tags or unnatural amino acids(UAAs),chemical labeling of specific protein residues,and affinity-driven labeling.This review summarizes recent developments made in the area of site-specific protein labeling utilizing genetically encoding-and chemical-based methods,and discusses future issues that need to be addressed by researchers in this field.展开更多
Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy ...Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.展开更多
A novel artificial site specific cleavage reagent, with peptide nucleic acid （PNA） as sequence-recognizing moiety and cerium （IV） ions as “scissors” for cleaving target DNA, was synthesized. Subsequently, it was...A novel artificial site specific cleavage reagent, with peptide nucleic acid （PNA） as sequence-recognizing moiety and cerium （IV） ions as “scissors” for cleaving target DNA, was synthesized. Subsequently, it was employed in the cleavage of target 26-mer single-stranded DNA （ssDNA）, which has 10-mer sequence complementary with PNA recognizer in the hybrids, under physiological conditions. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatogram （RPHPLC） experiments indicated that the artificial site specific cleavage reagent could cleave the target DNA specifically.展开更多
The 2024 development of a precision-engineered retrotransposon system marked a significant milestone in mammalian genome-editing research.As appeared in the July 8 issue of Cell,this methodological breakthrough establ...The 2024 development of a precision-engineered retrotransposon system marked a significant milestone in mammalian genome-editing research.As appeared in the July 8 issue of Cell,this methodological breakthrough established a novel framework for site-specific gene delivery through repurposing ancient viral tools.展开更多
To increase fertilizer use efficiency （FUE） and to minimize its negative impact on environment have been the focal points in the world for a long time. It is very important to increase FUE in China for its relativel...To increase fertilizer use efficiency （FUE） and to minimize its negative impact on environment have been the focal points in the world for a long time. It is very important to increase FUE in China for its relatively low FUE and serious losses of nutrients. Recent advances of the technologies to increase FUE are reviewed in this article. These include site-specific and real-time nitrogen management, non-destructive quick test of the nitrogen status of plants, new types of slow release and controlled release fertilizers, site-specific nutrient management, and use of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor to decrease nitrogen losses. Future outlook in technologies related to FUE improvement is also discussed.展开更多
Allometric models are necessary for estimating biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Generalized allometric relationship exists for many tropical trees, but species- and region-specific models are often lacking. We devel...Allometric models are necessary for estimating biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Generalized allometric relationship exists for many tropical trees, but species- and region-specific models are often lacking. We developed species-specific allometric models to predict aboveground biomass for 11 native tree species of the Sudanian savanna- woodlands. Diameters at the base and at breast height, with species means ranging respectively from 11 to 28 cm and 9 to 19 cm, and the height of the trees were used as predictor variables. Sampled trees spanned a wide range of sizes including the largest sizes these species can reach. As a response variable, the biomass of the trees was obtained through destructive sampling of 4 754 trees during wood harvesting. We used a stepwise multiple regression analysis with backward elimination procedure to develop models separately predicting, total biomass of the trees, stem biomass, and biomass of branches and twigs. All species- specific regression models relating biomass with measured tree dimen- sions were highly significant （p 〈 0.001）. The biomass of branches and twigs was less predictable compared to stem biomass and total biomass, although their models required fewer predictors and predictor interac- tions. The best-fit equations for total above-ground biomass and stem biomass bad R2 〉 0.70, except for the Acacia species; for branches including twig biomass, R2-values varied from 0.749 for Anogeissus leiocarpa to 0.183 for Acacia macrostachya. The use of these equations in estimating available biomass will avoid destructive sampling, and aid in planning for sustainable use of these species.展开更多
Magnetic albumin microspheres bearing adriamycin (ADM MAM) is a novel chemotherapeutic compound with site specific drug delivery characteristics. The acute and subacute toxic tests of the compound, local irritating ...Magnetic albumin microspheres bearing adriamycin (ADM MAM) is a novel chemotherapeutic compound with site specific drug delivery characteristics. The acute and subacute toxic tests of the compound, local irritating test and anaphylactic test were performed on mice and guinea pigs. The results showed there was no macroscopically and microscopically direct cytotoxic injuries of the compound to the animal organs or to the cells. The LD 50 value of the compound was higher than that of the single used adriamycin, indicating that the compound was less toxic than the single adriamycin and quite safe in its therapeutic dosage. Furthermore, there was also no side effects or toxic reactions to be observed on clinical patients with advanced carcinoma or gastric cancer.展开更多
Variable Rate Technology （VRT） takes within-field variability into consideration and aims to match resource application to crop requirement. Even though Texas is the most important cotton producing state in the US, ...Variable Rate Technology （VRT） takes within-field variability into consideration and aims to match resource application to crop requirement. Even though Texas is the most important cotton producing state in the US, the rate of VRT adoption is very low here. Hence, analyzing the factors influencing the adoption and providing a regional estimate of the impact of VRT adoption on cotton yield is very important. This study used the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey to analyze the farm and farmer characteristics affecting the adoption of VRT among Texas cotton farmers and to empirically estimate the impact of adoption of VRT on cotton yield in Texas. A two-stage least square procedure with a logistic regression model in the first stage and a multiple linear regression model in the second stage was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there are significant regional differences in adoption pattern within the state of Texas; and the farmers from the coastal region, where there is higher within-field variability, were more likely to adopt VRT compared to other regions. Younger farmers, farmers managing larger farms, and farmers who use computers for farming operations were more likely to adopt VRT. The results also showed that, on an average, the adoption of VRT does not lead to significant yield improvements for cotton in Texas. Since the impact of VRT adoption on yield is not significant, the source of economic advantage of VRT adoption in Texas may be the reduction of input cost.展开更多
The knowledge of the internal stability of granular soils is a key factor for the design of granular and filter for the geotechnical infrastructures such as dykes, barrages, weirs and roads embankment. To evaluate the...The knowledge of the internal stability of granular soils is a key factor for the design of granular and filter for the geotechnical infrastructures such as dykes, barrages, weirs and roads embankment. To evaluate the internal instability of granular soils different criteria are generally used in the practice. However, the results of these criteria on the same soil may lead to different evaluations of the internal instability. In this paper the common criteria used for the internal instability have been presented and compared as far as possible. It was found that the most internal instability criteria define a limit value for the secant slope of the grain size distribution curve of the granular soils. Based on this finding an own criterion for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been developed and compared to the common criteria. A very good agreement between some criteria was found. Furthermore, a site specific assessment for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been proposed in order to get more confidence in this evaluation.展开更多
Glycoproteins are complex biological macromolecules composed of proteins and glycans,playing a crucial role in various biological processes and being closely related to human health and diseases.However,the intricate ...Glycoproteins are complex biological macromolecules composed of proteins and glycans,playing a crucial role in various biological processes and being closely related to human health and diseases.However,the intricate structure and function of glycoproteins gives them with a vast capacity for information,which cannot be simply deduced from the genetic code(Di Marco et al.2023).展开更多
A methodology integrating correlation,regression(MLR),machine learning(ML),and pattern analysis of long-term weekly net ecosystem exchange(NEE)datasets are applied to four deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF)sites forming ...A methodology integrating correlation,regression(MLR),machine learning(ML),and pattern analysis of long-term weekly net ecosystem exchange(NEE)datasets are applied to four deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF)sites forming part of the AmeriFlux(FLUXNET2015)database.Such analysis effectively characterizes and distinguishes those DBF sites for which long-term NEE patterns can be accurately predicted using the recorded environmental variables,from those sites cannot be so delineated.Comparisons of twelve NEE prediction models(5 MLR;7 ML),using multi-fold cross-validation analysis,reveal that support vector regression generates the most accurate and reliable predictions for each site considered,based on fits involving between 16 and 24 available environmental variables.SVR can accurately predict NEE for datasets for DBF sites US-MMS and US-MOz,but fail to reliably do so for sites CA-Cbo and MX-Tes.For the latter two sites the predicted versus recorded NEE weekly data follow a Y≠X pattern and are characterized by rapid fluctuations between low and high NEE values across leaf-on seasonal periods.Variable influences on NEE,determined by their importance to MLR and ML model solutions,identify distinctive sets of the most and least influential variables for each site studied.Such information is valuable for monitoring and modelling the likely impacts of changing climate on the ability of these sites to serve as long-term carbon sinks.The periodically oscillating NEE weekly patterns distinguished for sites CA-Cbo and MX-Tes are not readily explained in terms of the currently recorded environmental variables.More detailed analysis of the biological processes at work in the forest understory and soil at these sites are recommended to determine additional suitable variables to measure that might better explain such fluctuations.展开更多
The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of na...The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a revolutionary step in the healthcare domain.Nanoparticles loaded with drugs,known as nanomedicines,are used to achieve site-specific delivery of drugs that reduces the amount of required dose and,hence,toxicity.The nanoparticles,due to their small sizes,can easily cross the cell barriers.Also,the surface of the nanoparticles can be modified in such a way that it can be recognized by the molecules on the targeted cells.The addition of ligands,antibodies,aptamers,etc.,is done to modify the surface.Therefore,these nanoparticle drug delivery systems are used to obtain targeted delivery of drugs,controlled delivery,biocompatibility,low toxicity and degradation within acceptable time period.The novel drug delivery techniques involving nanoparticles are designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs.Nowadays,metallic as well as biodegradable nanoparticles are used as effective drug carriers for cancer,cardiovascular diseases,brain related disorders and so on.Metallic nanoparticles are obtained by the reduction of metallic ions from their solutions to the nano-size range.Of the metallic nanoparticles,Gold is studied very extensively due to its inert nature and relatively high biocompatibility than other metals.Biodegradable nanoparticles are synthesized from polymeric substances such as polylactic acid(PLA),gelatin,chitosan,etc.Some other examples of nanoparticles are dendrimers,liposomes,carbon-based,viral based,etc.展开更多
Introduction:The information available on the sensitivity of soil biotic and abiotic attributes,which can be used to track the impact of reforestation in riparian buffers,is often insufficient to refine management pra...Introduction:The information available on the sensitivity of soil biotic and abiotic attributes,which can be used to track the impact of reforestation in riparian buffers,is often insufficient to refine management practices and convince stakeholders of the benefits of reforestation.Methods:In this study,conducted in Victoria,Australia,the changes in soil biotic and abiotic attributes,organic carbon(OC),mineral nitrogen(MN),total dissolved solutes(TDS)and pH were characterised to assess the impact of land-use change from bare riparian(BR)to reforested riparian(RR).Additionally,the benefits of revegetating a deforested creek bank with regard to salinity abatement and C-sequestration potentials were assessed.Results:The TDS depletion in the RR strips varied spatiotemporally from 65 to 169 mg/L,the net OC deposition from 16 to 19 g C/kg soil and MN deposition from 1.2 to 2.1 g N/kg soil,respectively.Additionally,the net changes in pH from alkaline to near neutral condition varied by 0.4 to 1.0 pH units.Approximately 30%to 60%of the net OC depletion after deforestation was redeposited under RR over 3 to 6 years.The TDS depletion after land-use changed from BR to RR ranged from 15 to 32%over 3 to 6 years.Conclusion:The soil attributes OC,MN and TDS characteristics under different land-use practices varied spatiotemporally.This information may be useful to convince stakeholders to undertake reforestation of creek banks for salinity abatement,and that change in land-use has the potential to increase C sequestration at a farm scale.展开更多
文摘With a view to finding out precisely how small peptides recognize a particular binding site of DNA, we have accomplished DNA binding studies of two peptides, H-Tyr-Arg-OH (YR) and H-Gly-Gly-His-OH (GGH) by using measurements in comparison with the binding between DNA and Hoechst 33258. The inhibition mode by YR and GGH to DNA binding of Hoechst 33258 was analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot which shows the plot of typical competitive inhibition at concentration of Hoechst 33258 from 3.66 ( 10-9 mol / L to 1.09 ( 10-8 mol / L. And it is concluded that YR binds to DNA in its minor groove (AT rich regions) with a binding constant K = 1.02 ( 108 (mol / L)-1. The GGH(s specificity is reduced at high concentration because it can also bind GC base pair.
基金funded by the Basic Science Research Foundation of IEM(Grant No.2006A02)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (90715038)
文摘The main technical backgrounds and requirements are introduced with regard to earthquake ground motion design parameters in several domestic and American standards,codes and guides involved in the seismic analysis and design activities of nuclear power plants in China.Based on the research results from site seismic safety evaluation of domestic nuclear power plant projects in the last years,characteristics and differences of site specific design spectra are analyzed in comparison with standard response spectra,and the suitability of standard response spectra for domestic nuclear power plant projects is discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2103600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278224,22478191)+1 种基金the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.KL21-08)。
文摘Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting their structures and biochemical activities.Over the last few years,a variety of promising strategies have been devised that address these challenges including those that involve introduction of small-size peptide tags or unnatural amino acids(UAAs),chemical labeling of specific protein residues,and affinity-driven labeling.This review summarizes recent developments made in the area of site-specific protein labeling utilizing genetically encoding-and chemical-based methods,and discusses future issues that need to be addressed by researchers in this field.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFB3205500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275190,12105201)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB723)the Shenzhen Research Funding Program(JCYJ20230807154402004)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the 111 Project,the Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices,and the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials and Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research.
文摘Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20443005)the Nanotechnology Special Projects of Shanghai(No.0352nm123)
文摘A novel artificial site specific cleavage reagent, with peptide nucleic acid （PNA） as sequence-recognizing moiety and cerium （IV） ions as “scissors” for cleaving target DNA, was synthesized. Subsequently, it was employed in the cleavage of target 26-mer single-stranded DNA （ssDNA）, which has 10-mer sequence complementary with PNA recognizer in the hybrids, under physiological conditions. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatogram （RPHPLC） experiments indicated that the artificial site specific cleavage reagent could cleave the target DNA specifically.
文摘The 2024 development of a precision-engineered retrotransposon system marked a significant milestone in mammalian genome-editing research.As appeared in the July 8 issue of Cell,this methodological breakthrough established a novel framework for site-specific gene delivery through repurposing ancient viral tools.
文摘To increase fertilizer use efficiency （FUE） and to minimize its negative impact on environment have been the focal points in the world for a long time. It is very important to increase FUE in China for its relatively low FUE and serious losses of nutrients. Recent advances of the technologies to increase FUE are reviewed in this article. These include site-specific and real-time nitrogen management, non-destructive quick test of the nitrogen status of plants, new types of slow release and controlled release fertilizers, site-specific nutrient management, and use of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor to decrease nitrogen losses. Future outlook in technologies related to FUE improvement is also discussed.
基金provided by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)
文摘Allometric models are necessary for estimating biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Generalized allometric relationship exists for many tropical trees, but species- and region-specific models are often lacking. We developed species-specific allometric models to predict aboveground biomass for 11 native tree species of the Sudanian savanna- woodlands. Diameters at the base and at breast height, with species means ranging respectively from 11 to 28 cm and 9 to 19 cm, and the height of the trees were used as predictor variables. Sampled trees spanned a wide range of sizes including the largest sizes these species can reach. As a response variable, the biomass of the trees was obtained through destructive sampling of 4 754 trees during wood harvesting. We used a stepwise multiple regression analysis with backward elimination procedure to develop models separately predicting, total biomass of the trees, stem biomass, and biomass of branches and twigs. All species- specific regression models relating biomass with measured tree dimen- sions were highly significant （p 〈 0.001）. The biomass of branches and twigs was less predictable compared to stem biomass and total biomass, although their models required fewer predictors and predictor interac- tions. The best-fit equations for total above-ground biomass and stem biomass bad R2 〉 0.70, except for the Acacia species; for branches including twig biomass, R2-values varied from 0.749 for Anogeissus leiocarpa to 0.183 for Acacia macrostachya. The use of these equations in estimating available biomass will avoid destructive sampling, and aid in planning for sustainable use of these species.
基金This project was supported by a grant from the National Key Tasks'foundation(No.96 90 6 0 116 )
文摘Magnetic albumin microspheres bearing adriamycin (ADM MAM) is a novel chemotherapeutic compound with site specific drug delivery characteristics. The acute and subacute toxic tests of the compound, local irritating test and anaphylactic test were performed on mice and guinea pigs. The results showed there was no macroscopically and microscopically direct cytotoxic injuries of the compound to the animal organs or to the cells. The LD 50 value of the compound was higher than that of the single used adriamycin, indicating that the compound was less toxic than the single adriamycin and quite safe in its therapeutic dosage. Furthermore, there was also no side effects or toxic reactions to be observed on clinical patients with advanced carcinoma or gastric cancer.
文摘Variable Rate Technology （VRT） takes within-field variability into consideration and aims to match resource application to crop requirement. Even though Texas is the most important cotton producing state in the US, the rate of VRT adoption is very low here. Hence, analyzing the factors influencing the adoption and providing a regional estimate of the impact of VRT adoption on cotton yield is very important. This study used the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey to analyze the farm and farmer characteristics affecting the adoption of VRT among Texas cotton farmers and to empirically estimate the impact of adoption of VRT on cotton yield in Texas. A two-stage least square procedure with a logistic regression model in the first stage and a multiple linear regression model in the second stage was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there are significant regional differences in adoption pattern within the state of Texas; and the farmers from the coastal region, where there is higher within-field variability, were more likely to adopt VRT compared to other regions. Younger farmers, farmers managing larger farms, and farmers who use computers for farming operations were more likely to adopt VRT. The results also showed that, on an average, the adoption of VRT does not lead to significant yield improvements for cotton in Texas. Since the impact of VRT adoption on yield is not significant, the source of economic advantage of VRT adoption in Texas may be the reduction of input cost.
文摘The knowledge of the internal stability of granular soils is a key factor for the design of granular and filter for the geotechnical infrastructures such as dykes, barrages, weirs and roads embankment. To evaluate the internal instability of granular soils different criteria are generally used in the practice. However, the results of these criteria on the same soil may lead to different evaluations of the internal instability. In this paper the common criteria used for the internal instability have been presented and compared as far as possible. It was found that the most internal instability criteria define a limit value for the secant slope of the grain size distribution curve of the granular soils. Based on this finding an own criterion for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been developed and compared to the common criteria. A very good agreement between some criteria was found. Furthermore, a site specific assessment for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been proposed in order to get more confidence in this evaluation.
文摘Glycoproteins are complex biological macromolecules composed of proteins and glycans,playing a crucial role in various biological processes and being closely related to human health and diseases.However,the intricate structure and function of glycoproteins gives them with a vast capacity for information,which cannot be simply deduced from the genetic code(Di Marco et al.2023).
文摘A methodology integrating correlation,regression(MLR),machine learning(ML),and pattern analysis of long-term weekly net ecosystem exchange(NEE)datasets are applied to four deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF)sites forming part of the AmeriFlux(FLUXNET2015)database.Such analysis effectively characterizes and distinguishes those DBF sites for which long-term NEE patterns can be accurately predicted using the recorded environmental variables,from those sites cannot be so delineated.Comparisons of twelve NEE prediction models(5 MLR;7 ML),using multi-fold cross-validation analysis,reveal that support vector regression generates the most accurate and reliable predictions for each site considered,based on fits involving between 16 and 24 available environmental variables.SVR can accurately predict NEE for datasets for DBF sites US-MMS and US-MOz,but fail to reliably do so for sites CA-Cbo and MX-Tes.For the latter two sites the predicted versus recorded NEE weekly data follow a Y≠X pattern and are characterized by rapid fluctuations between low and high NEE values across leaf-on seasonal periods.Variable influences on NEE,determined by their importance to MLR and ML model solutions,identify distinctive sets of the most and least influential variables for each site studied.Such information is valuable for monitoring and modelling the likely impacts of changing climate on the ability of these sites to serve as long-term carbon sinks.The periodically oscillating NEE weekly patterns distinguished for sites CA-Cbo and MX-Tes are not readily explained in terms of the currently recorded environmental variables.More detailed analysis of the biological processes at work in the forest understory and soil at these sites are recommended to determine additional suitable variables to measure that might better explain such fluctuations.
文摘The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a revolutionary step in the healthcare domain.Nanoparticles loaded with drugs,known as nanomedicines,are used to achieve site-specific delivery of drugs that reduces the amount of required dose and,hence,toxicity.The nanoparticles,due to their small sizes,can easily cross the cell barriers.Also,the surface of the nanoparticles can be modified in such a way that it can be recognized by the molecules on the targeted cells.The addition of ligands,antibodies,aptamers,etc.,is done to modify the surface.Therefore,these nanoparticle drug delivery systems are used to obtain targeted delivery of drugs,controlled delivery,biocompatibility,low toxicity and degradation within acceptable time period.The novel drug delivery techniques involving nanoparticles are designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs.Nowadays,metallic as well as biodegradable nanoparticles are used as effective drug carriers for cancer,cardiovascular diseases,brain related disorders and so on.Metallic nanoparticles are obtained by the reduction of metallic ions from their solutions to the nano-size range.Of the metallic nanoparticles,Gold is studied very extensively due to its inert nature and relatively high biocompatibility than other metals.Biodegradable nanoparticles are synthesized from polymeric substances such as polylactic acid(PLA),gelatin,chitosan,etc.Some other examples of nanoparticles are dendrimers,liposomes,carbon-based,viral based,etc.
基金Financial support for this project was provided by the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority(Funding number CO0910.06.051).
文摘Introduction:The information available on the sensitivity of soil biotic and abiotic attributes,which can be used to track the impact of reforestation in riparian buffers,is often insufficient to refine management practices and convince stakeholders of the benefits of reforestation.Methods:In this study,conducted in Victoria,Australia,the changes in soil biotic and abiotic attributes,organic carbon(OC),mineral nitrogen(MN),total dissolved solutes(TDS)and pH were characterised to assess the impact of land-use change from bare riparian(BR)to reforested riparian(RR).Additionally,the benefits of revegetating a deforested creek bank with regard to salinity abatement and C-sequestration potentials were assessed.Results:The TDS depletion in the RR strips varied spatiotemporally from 65 to 169 mg/L,the net OC deposition from 16 to 19 g C/kg soil and MN deposition from 1.2 to 2.1 g N/kg soil,respectively.Additionally,the net changes in pH from alkaline to near neutral condition varied by 0.4 to 1.0 pH units.Approximately 30%to 60%of the net OC depletion after deforestation was redeposited under RR over 3 to 6 years.The TDS depletion after land-use changed from BR to RR ranged from 15 to 32%over 3 to 6 years.Conclusion:The soil attributes OC,MN and TDS characteristics under different land-use practices varied spatiotemporally.This information may be useful to convince stakeholders to undertake reforestation of creek banks for salinity abatement,and that change in land-use has the potential to increase C sequestration at a farm scale.
