The acoustic properties of anechoic layers with a singly periodic array of cylindrical scatterers are investigated. A method combined plane wave expansion and finite element analysis is extended for out-of-plane incid...The acoustic properties of anechoic layers with a singly periodic array of cylindrical scatterers are investigated. A method combined plane wave expansion and finite element analysis is extended for out-of-plane incidence. The reflection characteristics of the anechoic layers with cavities and locally resonant scatterers are discussed. The backing is a steel plate followed by an air half space. Under this approximate zero transmission backing condition, the reflection reduction is induced by the absorption enhancement. The absorption mechanism is explained by the scattering/absorption cross section of the isolated scatterer. Three types of resonant modes which can induce efficient absorption are revealed. Due to the fact that the frequencies of the resonant modes are related to the size of the scatterers, anechoic layers with scatterers of mixed size can broaden the absorption band. A genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to design the anechoic layer with scatterers of mixed size at a desired frequency band from 2 kHz to l0 kHz for normal incidence, and the influence of the incident angle is also discussed.展开更多
We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was ...We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.展开更多
Linked partitions were introduced by Dykema(Dykema K J. Multilinear function series and transforms in free probability theory. Adv. Math., 2005, 208(1):351–407) in the study of the unsymmetrized T-transform in free p...Linked partitions were introduced by Dykema(Dykema K J. Multilinear function series and transforms in free probability theory. Adv. Math., 2005, 208(1):351–407) in the study of the unsymmetrized T-transform in free probability theory.Permutation is one of the most classical combinatorial structures. According to the linear representation of linked partitions, Chen et al.(Chen W Y C, Wu S Y J, Yan C H. Linked partitions and linked cycles. European J. Combin., 2008, 29(6): 1408–1426) de?ned the concept of singly covered minimal elements. Let L(n, k) denote the set of linked partitions of [n] with k singly covered minimal elements and let P(n, k) denote the set of permutations of [n] with k cycles. In this paper, we mainly establish two bijections between L(n, k) and P(n, k). The two bijections from a different perspective show the one-to-one correspondence between the singly covered minimal elements in L(n, k) and the cycles in P(n, k).展开更多
Bi-f-harmonic maps are the critical points of bi-f-energy functional. This class of maps tends to integrate bi-harmonic maps and f-harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that bi-f-harmonic maps are not only an extensio...Bi-f-harmonic maps are the critical points of bi-f-energy functional. This class of maps tends to integrate bi-harmonic maps and f-harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that bi-f-harmonic maps are not only an extension of f-harmonic maps but also an extension of bi-harmonic maps, and that there should exist many examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps. In order to find some concrete examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps, we study the basic properties of bi-f-harmonic maps from two directions which are conformal maps between the same dimensionM manifolds and some special maps from or into a warped product manifold.展开更多
We report on the generation of self-oscillations from a continuously pumped singly resonant frequency doubler based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal （PPKTP）. The sustained square-wave and ...We report on the generation of self-oscillations from a continuously pumped singly resonant frequency doubler based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal （PPKTP）. The sustained square-wave and staircase curve of self-oscillations are obtained when the incident pump powers are below and above the threshold of subharmonic-pumped parametric oscillation （SPO）, respectively. The self-oscillations can be explained by the competition between the phase shifts induced by cascading nonlinearity and thermal effect, and the influence of fundamental nonlinear phase shift by the generation of SPO. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data.展开更多
The establishment of an approach to design tunable yellow emission through singly doped single-phased phosphors to obtain white LED-based InGaN chip was reported. BaY2–xS4：xHo3＋ phosphors were prepared by the high ...The establishment of an approach to design tunable yellow emission through singly doped single-phased phosphors to obtain white LED-based InGaN chip was reported. BaY2–xS4：xHo3＋ phosphors were prepared by the high temperature solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra. Under the excitation of 465 nm,the emission spectra of these phosphors exhibited three sharp emission lines peaked at about 492,543 and 661 nm of Ho3＋ corresponding to 5F3,5F4 （5S2） and 5F5→5I8 transitions,respectively,with comparable intensities,resulting in a yellow light emission. The luminescence mechanism for Ho3＋ in BaY2S4 was explained.展开更多
By taking full account of the non-orthogonality of the orbitals between the low-lying doubly excited states ^1po and the singly excited states ^1S^e and ^1D^e of He, the corresponding radiative decay rates have been i...By taking full account of the non-orthogonality of the orbitals between the low-lying doubly excited states ^1po and the singly excited states ^1S^e and ^1D^e of He, the corresponding radiative decay rates have been investigated theoretically via analytic generalized Laguerre-type atomic orbitals at a nearly numerical multi-conflguration self-consistent field accuracy in a general non-orthogonal configuration interaction scheme. From these rates, we calculate the VUV photon emission and metastable atom spectra, and both are found to be in good qualitative agreement with recent excellent measurements. We obtain, successfully, the enhancement of the VUV photon spectrum, experimentally observed at the energy of （2s4p-4s2p）/（2p,3d） ^1po as compared with other nearby lying states. The mechanism proposed by Odling-Smee et al is verified, implying that taking appropriate account of the overlap existing between orbitals of the low-lying doubly excited and singly excited states （especially important for the compact orbitals） can reveal basic physical dominant mechanism and is crucial in understanding these spectra.展开更多
High quality LiLuF4 single crystals doped with various Pr3+ ions were synthesized by a vertical Bridgman method in completely sealed platinum crucibles. The excitation spectra spans from 420 nm to 500 nm. The prepared...High quality LiLuF4 single crystals doped with various Pr3+ ions were synthesized by a vertical Bridgman method in completely sealed platinum crucibles. The excitation spectra spans from 420 nm to 500 nm. The prepared single crystals exhibit a blue band at 480 nm(3P0→3H4), a green band at 522 nm (3P1→3H5), and a red band at 605 nm (1D2→3H4)when excited at 446 nm;their corresponding average lifetimes are 38.5μs, 37.3μs, and 36.8μs, respectively, which are much longer than those in oxide single crystals. The effects of excitation wavelength and doping concentration on emission intensities and chromaticity coordinates are investigated. The optimal Pr3+ concentration is confirmed to be 0.5%.The temperature dependent emission shows that the emission intensity constantly decreases with the increase of temperature from 298 K to 443 K due to the enhancement of nonradiative quenching at high temperature. The 3P0→3H4 transition is the most vulnerable to temperature, followed by the 3P1→3H5 transition and 1D2→3H4 transition.展开更多
The rigorous calculation of the spin-orbit terms in a three-quark system is realized based on the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions in the framework of the relativized ...The rigorous calculation of the spin-orbit terms in a three-quark system is realized based on the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions in the framework of the relativized quark model,by ignoring the mixing between different excited states.Then,the complete mass spectra of the singly heavy baryons are obtained rigorously,under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism.Accordingly,systematical analyses are performed for the reliability and predictive power of the model,the fine structure of the singly heavy baryon spectra,the assignments of the excited baryons,and some important topics about heavy baryon spectroscopy,such as the missing states,"spin-orbit puzzle,"and clustering effect.The results confirm that,under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism,the relativized quark model can describe the excitation spectra and the fine structures of the singly heavy baryons correctly and precisely.展开更多
Mid-infrared（MIR） emissions of 2.4 and 3.5 μm from Tm3＋：LiYF4 single crystals attributed to3H4 →3H5 and3H5 →3F4 transitions as well as MIR emissions of 4.2,4.3,and 4.5 μm from Nd3＋：LiYF4 lasers attributed to...Mid-infrared（MIR） emissions of 2.4 and 3.5 μm from Tm3＋：LiYF4 single crystals attributed to3H4 →3H5 and3H5 →3F4 transitions as well as MIR emissions of 4.2,4.3,and 4.5 μm from Nd3＋：LiYF4 lasers attributed to4I15/2 →4I13/2,4I13/2 →4I11/2,and4I11/2 →4I9/2 transitions,respectively,are observed.LiYF4 single crystals possess high transmittance of over 85% in the 2.5-6 μm range.The large emission crosssections of Tm-doped crystals at 2.4 μm（1.9×10-20cm2） and Nd-doped crystals at 4.2 μm（0.84×10-20 cm2） as well as the high rare-earth doping concentrations,excellent optical transmission,and chemicalphysical properties of the resultant samples indicate that Nd3＋and Tm3＋singly doped crystals may be promising materials for application in MIR lasers.展开更多
In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confi...In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.展开更多
The b-factories,such as BelleII,BarBar,and LHCb,emphasize the increasing importance of exotic hadron research.In this paper,we discuss the possible production of singly anti-charmed pentaquark states cqqqq from B meso...The b-factories,such as BelleII,BarBar,and LHCb,emphasize the increasing importance of exotic hadron research.In this paper,we discuss the possible production of singly anti-charmed pentaquark states cqqqq from B mesons in a b-factory under SU(3)symmetry analysis.Discussions of both possibilities have been driven by the hypothesis that the pentaquark state considered in this work,known as the lowest lying state P_(c),could be bound or unbound.We find the golden channels for the production of the pentaquark ground states,such as B^(0)→P_(csudu)^((′)0)Σ^(0).We further estimate the branching ratios for the production of the ground states P_(c) from B meson decays.Thus,multiple channels are available for experiments,which may remove certain obstacles to the discovery of new pentaquark states.展开更多
In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron ca...In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO₂copolymerization and novel photoresist materials.Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering,defect control,and enhanced interlayer entanglement.For separating functional polymers,Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation,liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms,and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis.In biomedical functional polymers,a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)waste into biodegradable plastics.Additionally,immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings,and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion.Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing,utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA)occluders,and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers.Finally,in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers,precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence.Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation.Also,solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater,and high-performance non-solvated C60 single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating.Lastly,the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE)lamellar single crystals.The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.展开更多
Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses...Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibite...Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.展开更多
The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulat...The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.展开更多
Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,d...Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.展开更多
The increase in human population has led to imminent pressures to develop new edible proteins with decreased environmental footprints.The most promising approach involves the production of single cell protein(SCP)from...The increase in human population has led to imminent pressures to develop new edible proteins with decreased environmental footprints.The most promising approach involves the production of single cell protein(SCP)from yeasts,which have been utilized in a wide variety of foods for thousands of years.In this study,102 yeast strains isolated from traditional fermented pork(Nanx Wudl)were investigated for their potential as SCP producer for the first time.Based on preliminary screening,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y70 and Candida parapsilosis H5Y13,both showing high protein content and excellent growth capability,were selected for further analysis via 4D-DIA proteomics technology.Proteomic analysis indicated that the oxidative metabolism pathways,including TCA cycle,oxidative phosphorylation and pentose phosphate pathway,may have a significant impact on global protein synthesis and production.This study provides useful information for selecting SCP-producing yeast from Chinese fermented meat products and contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms behind global protein synthesis in yeast.Furthermore,these findings also provide potential molecular targets for genetic engineering modifications in yeast,aimed at constructing highly efficient cell factories for protein production.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)da...AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1100429 and 51275519)
文摘The acoustic properties of anechoic layers with a singly periodic array of cylindrical scatterers are investigated. A method combined plane wave expansion and finite element analysis is extended for out-of-plane incidence. The reflection characteristics of the anechoic layers with cavities and locally resonant scatterers are discussed. The backing is a steel plate followed by an air half space. Under this approximate zero transmission backing condition, the reflection reduction is induced by the absorption enhancement. The absorption mechanism is explained by the scattering/absorption cross section of the isolated scatterer. Three types of resonant modes which can induce efficient absorption are revealed. Due to the fact that the frequencies of the resonant modes are related to the size of the scatterers, anechoic layers with scatterers of mixed size can broaden the absorption band. A genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to design the anechoic layer with scatterers of mixed size at a desired frequency band from 2 kHz to l0 kHz for normal incidence, and the influence of the incident angle is also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60878003)the Science Fund for Excellent Research Team of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60821004)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB923101)
文摘We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.
基金The NSF(11601020,11501014) of China2017 Commercial Specialty Project(19005757053) of BTBU2018 Postgraduate Research Capacity Improvement Project(19008001491) of BTBU
文摘Linked partitions were introduced by Dykema(Dykema K J. Multilinear function series and transforms in free probability theory. Adv. Math., 2005, 208(1):351–407) in the study of the unsymmetrized T-transform in free probability theory.Permutation is one of the most classical combinatorial structures. According to the linear representation of linked partitions, Chen et al.(Chen W Y C, Wu S Y J, Yan C H. Linked partitions and linked cycles. European J. Combin., 2008, 29(6): 1408–1426) de?ned the concept of singly covered minimal elements. Let L(n, k) denote the set of linked partitions of [n] with k singly covered minimal elements and let P(n, k) denote the set of permutations of [n] with k cycles. In this paper, we mainly establish two bijections between L(n, k) and P(n, k). The two bijections from a different perspective show the one-to-one correspondence between the singly covered minimal elements in L(n, k) and the cycles in P(n, k).
基金Supported by Science Research Project of Higher Schools of Guangxi(2015ZD019)Key Project of Guangxi University for Nationalities(2012MD033)
文摘Bi-f-harmonic maps are the critical points of bi-f-energy functional. This class of maps tends to integrate bi-harmonic maps and f-harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that bi-f-harmonic maps are not only an extension of f-harmonic maps but also an extension of bi-harmonic maps, and that there should exist many examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps. In order to find some concrete examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps, we study the basic properties of bi-f-harmonic maps from two directions which are conformal maps between the same dimensionM manifolds and some special maps from or into a warped product manifold.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB923101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61227015 and 61121064)
文摘We report on the generation of self-oscillations from a continuously pumped singly resonant frequency doubler based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal （PPKTP）. The sustained square-wave and staircase curve of self-oscillations are obtained when the incident pump powers are below and above the threshold of subharmonic-pumped parametric oscillation （SPO）, respectively. The self-oscillations can be explained by the competition between the phase shifts induced by cascading nonlinearity and thermal effect, and the influence of fundamental nonlinear phase shift by the generation of SPO. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20971042 and 50772035)the Science and Technology Office of Educa-tion Department of Hunan Province (10A070)the Science and Technology Bureau of Changsha City Government (K0902014-11)
文摘The establishment of an approach to design tunable yellow emission through singly doped single-phased phosphors to obtain white LED-based InGaN chip was reported. BaY2–xS4：xHo3＋ phosphors were prepared by the high temperature solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra. Under the excitation of 465 nm,the emission spectra of these phosphors exhibited three sharp emission lines peaked at about 492,543 and 661 nm of Ho3＋ corresponding to 5F3,5F4 （5S2） and 5F5→5I8 transitions,respectively,with comparable intensities,resulting in a yellow light emission. The luminescence mechanism for Ho3＋ in BaY2S4 was explained.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10347126）, National High Technology Development Program of China （Grant No 2004AA306H10） and the Program ＂Excellence in the Research Institutes Supervised by the General Secretariat for Research and Technology / Ministry of Development＂, Greece.Acknowledgments Xiong Zhuang would like to express his appreciation for the partial support from the Greek State Scholarship Foundation （I.K.Y.） and the National Hellenic Research Foundation Scholarship for this work.
文摘By taking full account of the non-orthogonality of the orbitals between the low-lying doubly excited states ^1po and the singly excited states ^1S^e and ^1D^e of He, the corresponding radiative decay rates have been investigated theoretically via analytic generalized Laguerre-type atomic orbitals at a nearly numerical multi-conflguration self-consistent field accuracy in a general non-orthogonal configuration interaction scheme. From these rates, we calculate the VUV photon emission and metastable atom spectra, and both are found to be in good qualitative agreement with recent excellent measurements. We obtain, successfully, the enhancement of the VUV photon spectrum, experimentally observed at the energy of （2s4p-4s2p）/（2p,3d） ^1po as compared with other nearby lying states. The mechanism proposed by Odling-Smee et al is verified, implying that taking appropriate account of the overlap existing between orbitals of the low-lying doubly excited and singly excited states （especially important for the compact orbitals） can reveal basic physical dominant mechanism and is crucial in understanding these spectra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772159)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ17E020001)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘High quality LiLuF4 single crystals doped with various Pr3+ ions were synthesized by a vertical Bridgman method in completely sealed platinum crucibles. The excitation spectra spans from 420 nm to 500 nm. The prepared single crystals exhibit a blue band at 480 nm(3P0→3H4), a green band at 522 nm (3P1→3H5), and a red band at 605 nm (1D2→3H4)when excited at 446 nm;their corresponding average lifetimes are 38.5μs, 37.3μs, and 36.8μs, respectively, which are much longer than those in oxide single crystals. The effects of excitation wavelength and doping concentration on emission intensities and chromaticity coordinates are investigated. The optimal Pr3+ concentration is confirmed to be 0.5%.The temperature dependent emission shows that the emission intensity constantly decreases with the increase of temperature from 298 K to 443 K due to the enhancement of nonradiative quenching at high temperature. The 3P0→3H4 transition is the most vulnerable to temperature, followed by the 3P1→3H5 transition and 1D2→3H4 transition.
基金Supported by the Open Project of Guangxi Key Lab of Nuclear Physics and Technology(NLK2023-04)the Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development in China(Guike ZY22096024)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province-ZK[2024](General Project)650the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11675265,12175068)the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project(WDJC-2019-13)the Leading Innovation Project(LC 192209000701)。
文摘The rigorous calculation of the spin-orbit terms in a three-quark system is realized based on the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions in the framework of the relativized quark model,by ignoring the mixing between different excited states.Then,the complete mass spectra of the singly heavy baryons are obtained rigorously,under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism.Accordingly,systematical analyses are performed for the reliability and predictive power of the model,the fine structure of the singly heavy baryon spectra,the assignments of the excited baryons,and some important topics about heavy baryon spectroscopy,such as the missing states,"spin-orbit puzzle,"and clustering effect.The results confirm that,under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism,the relativized quark model can describe the excitation spectra and the fine structures of the singly heavy baryons correctly and precisely.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51272109 and 50972061)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.R4100364)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City(No.2012A610115)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Mid-infrared（MIR） emissions of 2.4 and 3.5 μm from Tm3＋：LiYF4 single crystals attributed to3H4 →3H5 and3H5 →3F4 transitions as well as MIR emissions of 4.2,4.3,and 4.5 μm from Nd3＋：LiYF4 lasers attributed to4I15/2 →4I13/2,4I13/2 →4I11/2,and4I11/2 →4I9/2 transitions,respectively,are observed.LiYF4 single crystals possess high transmittance of over 85% in the 2.5-6 μm range.The large emission crosssections of Tm-doped crystals at 2.4 μm（1.9×10-20cm2） and Nd-doped crystals at 4.2 μm（0.84×10-20 cm2） as well as the high rare-earth doping concentrations,excellent optical transmission,and chemicalphysical properties of the resultant samples indicate that Nd3＋and Tm3＋singly doped crystals may be promising materials for application in MIR lasers.
文摘In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.
基金Supported in part by the Youth Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology(JN210003)。
文摘The b-factories,such as BelleII,BarBar,and LHCb,emphasize the increasing importance of exotic hadron research.In this paper,we discuss the possible production of singly anti-charmed pentaquark states cqqqq from B mesons in a b-factory under SU(3)symmetry analysis.Discussions of both possibilities have been driven by the hypothesis that the pentaquark state considered in this work,known as the lowest lying state P_(c),could be bound or unbound.We find the golden channels for the production of the pentaquark ground states,such as B^(0)→P_(csudu)^((′)0)Σ^(0).We further estimate the branching ratios for the production of the ground states P_(c) from B meson decays.Thus,multiple channels are available for experiments,which may remove certain obstacles to the discovery of new pentaquark states.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2025-00031).
文摘In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO₂copolymerization and novel photoresist materials.Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering,defect control,and enhanced interlayer entanglement.For separating functional polymers,Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation,liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms,and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis.In biomedical functional polymers,a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)waste into biodegradable plastics.Additionally,immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings,and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion.Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing,utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA)occluders,and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers.Finally,in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers,precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence.Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation.Also,solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater,and high-performance non-solvated C60 single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating.Lastly,the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE)lamellar single crystals.The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH)Grants AG063944 and AG080047 to KAM.
文摘Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406081,22276086,22306086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BAB213029),all of which are greatly acknowledged by the authors.
文摘Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)the Science and Technology Development Fund+2 种基金Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)。
文摘The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.
文摘Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102016)the Taishan Industrial Experts Program,Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(2323ZZ122).
文摘The increase in human population has led to imminent pressures to develop new edible proteins with decreased environmental footprints.The most promising approach involves the production of single cell protein(SCP)from yeasts,which have been utilized in a wide variety of foods for thousands of years.In this study,102 yeast strains isolated from traditional fermented pork(Nanx Wudl)were investigated for their potential as SCP producer for the first time.Based on preliminary screening,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y70 and Candida parapsilosis H5Y13,both showing high protein content and excellent growth capability,were selected for further analysis via 4D-DIA proteomics technology.Proteomic analysis indicated that the oxidative metabolism pathways,including TCA cycle,oxidative phosphorylation and pentose phosphate pathway,may have a significant impact on global protein synthesis and production.This study provides useful information for selecting SCP-producing yeast from Chinese fermented meat products and contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms behind global protein synthesis in yeast.Furthermore,these findings also provide potential molecular targets for genetic engineering modifications in yeast,aimed at constructing highly efficient cell factories for protein production.
文摘AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.
