Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is cur...Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is currently attending a training course for makeup展开更多
In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confi...In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.展开更多
In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron ca...In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO₂copolymerization and novel photoresist materials.Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering,defect control,and enhanced interlayer entanglement.For separating functional polymers,Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation,liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms,and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis.In biomedical functional polymers,a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)waste into biodegradable plastics.Additionally,immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings,and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion.Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing,utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA)occluders,and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers.Finally,in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers,precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence.Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation.Also,solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater,and high-performance non-solvated C60 single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating.Lastly,the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE)lamellar single crystals.The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.展开更多
Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses...Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulat...The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.展开更多
Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,d...Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)da...AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.展开更多
High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their b...High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their ballistic limits.In this paper,a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed.To begin with,in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens,the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale,thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers.In addition,tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)methods were employed to realize non-contact,high-precision,and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars,respectively.Meanwhile,a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples.The experimental setup and procedures were introduced,and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory.Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out,followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 105,an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates.Furthermore,during the loading process,the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects.This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers,enabling the development of comprehensive strain-ratedependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.展开更多
Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types ...Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic d...Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.展开更多
High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging ...High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging foundation models and multimodal learning frameworks are enabling scalable and transferable representations of cellular states,while advances in interpretability and real-world data integration are bridging the gap between discovery and clinical application.This paper outlines a concise roadmap for AI-driven,transcriptome-centered multi-omics integration in precision medicine(Figure 1).展开更多
To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite ...To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite element model of the middle tower column during the construction stage was established using ABAQUS to analyze the effects of key parameters,including the angle and pretension of temporary cables,as well as the wall thickness and diameter of temporary diagonal braces.The study examines how these parameters influence the stresses at the towergirder consolidation.The results indicate that the angle of temporary cables significantly affects the tensile stresses at the tower-girder consolidation,while its impact on compressive stresses is minimal.Among all parameters,the pretension of temporary cables has the most pronounced effect on the stresses at the tower-girder consolidation.In contrast,the wall thickness of temporary diagonal braces has only a minor influence,whereas the diameter of temporary diagonal braces has an almost negligible impact.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and arrangement of temporary support structures in similar bridge construction projects.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.展开更多
Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low...Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.展开更多
Single-molecule electroluminescence(SMEL)confines light emission to a well-defined molecular junction,creating a unique platform for probing light-matter interactions at the ultimate spatial limit.This perspective arg...Single-molecule electroluminescence(SMEL)confines light emission to a well-defined molecular junction,creating a unique platform for probing light-matter interactions at the ultimate spatial limit.This perspective argues that four controllable levers—nanocavity plasmons,interface engineering,electric-field modulation,and molecular design—collectively govern the quantum efficiency,spectral characteristics,and excited-state dynamics of SMEL[1].This multifaceted control scheme opens up pathways to transformative technologies,including quantum light sources,single-molecule light-emitting diodes(LEDs),andprogrammable optoelectronic chips.展开更多
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a global challenge,with limited effective treatment options for advanced-stage disease.The HIMALAYA trial(phase III randomized study that evaluated the STRIDE regimen)...Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a global challenge,with limited effective treatment options for advanced-stage disease.The HIMALAYA trial(phase III randomized study that evaluated the STRIDE regimen)introduced the Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab(STRIDE)regimen,an immunotherapy-based approach that achieved a median overall survival(OS)of 16.43 months compared to 13.77 months with sorafenib.While statistically significant,this~2.7 months OS gain warrants scrutiny in light of STRIDE’s increased immune-related toxicity and cost.This commentary evaluates STRIDE’s impact within the broader landscape of first-line systemic therapy for unresectable HCC,alongside other regimens such as atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab.We explore STRIDE’s mechanism of action,safety profile,modest progression-free survival(PFS)improvement,and implementation challenges,incorporating insights from 2023-2025 research.In addition,we discussed its limitations in non-viral HCC and Child-Pugh B patients,the role of emerging biomarkers,and the potential of radiation to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.As a dual immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)strategy,STRIDE offers an important advance that may not only extend survival but also open the door to future curative approaches.However,optimizing its use will require refined patient selection and further investigation of synergistic combination therapies.展开更多
The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon ...The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.展开更多
The single electron capture processes in Si^(3,4+)+He collisions have been investigated theoretically employing the two-center atomic orbital close-coupling method in the energy range 0.01-100 keV/u.Total and state-se...The single electron capture processes in Si^(3,4+)+He collisions have been investigated theoretically employing the two-center atomic orbital close-coupling method in the energy range 0.01-100 keV/u.Total and state-selective electron capture cross sections for the dominant and subdominant reaction channels are calculated and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.For the total charge transfer cross sections,the present results show better agreements with the available experimental data than the other theoretical ones in the overlapping energy region for both collision systems.For the state-selective cross sections,the present results for 3s and 3p states are in general agreement with the previous MOCC results in the low energy region for both collision systems.Furthermore,the cross sections for electron captured to the 3d,4l and 5l(l=0,1,...,n-1)states of Si^(2+)and Si^(3+)ions are first provided in a broad energy region in our work.These results are useful for the investigations in astrophysics.The datasets presented in this paper,including the total and state-selective electron capture cross sections of Si^(3,4+)+He collisions in 0.01-100 ke V/u,are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00257.展开更多
Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous...Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous.Considering the challenge mentioned,this article proposes a clustering-based machine learning(ML)framework to enhance the stability of EPS networks by suppressing LFOs through real-time tuning of key power system stabilizer(PSS)parameters.To validate the proposed strategy,two distinct EPS networks are selected:the single-machine infinite-bus(SMIB)with a single-stage PSS and the unified power flow controller(UPFC)coordinated SMIB with a double-stage PSS.To generate data under various loading conditions for both networks,an efficient but offline meta-heuristic algorithm,namely the grey wolf optimizer(GWO),is used,with the loading conditions as inputs and the key PSS parameters as outputs.The generated loading conditions are then clustered using the fuzzy k-means(FKM)clustering method.Finally,the group method of data handling(GMDH)and long short-term memory(LSTM)ML models are developed for clustered data to predict PSS key parameters in real time for any loading condition.A few well-known statistical performance indices(SPI)are considered for validation and robustness of the training and testing procedure of the developed FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM models based on the prediction of PSS parameters.The performance of the ML models is also evaluated using three stability indices(i.e.,minimum damping ratio,eigenvalues,and time-domain simulations)after optimally tuned PSS with real-time estimated parameters under changing operating conditions.Besides,the outputs of the offline(GWO-based)metaheuristic model,proposed real-time(FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM)machine learning models,and previously reported literature models are compared.According to the results,the proposed methodology outperforms the others in enhancing the stability of the selected EPS networks by damping out the observed unwanted LFOs under various loading conditions.展开更多
文摘Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is currently attending a training course for makeup
文摘In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2025-00031).
文摘In 2024,the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas.In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO₂copolymerization and novel photoresist materials.Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering,defect control,and enhanced interlayer entanglement.For separating functional polymers,Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation,liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms,and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis.In biomedical functional polymers,a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)waste into biodegradable plastics.Additionally,immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings,and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion.Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing,utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA)occluders,and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers.Finally,in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers,precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence.Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation.Also,solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater,and high-performance non-solvated C60 single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating.Lastly,the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE)lamellar single crystals.The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH)Grants AG063944 and AG080047 to KAM.
文摘Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level.Over the past 2 decades,transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance,endurance,and concurrent exercise,focusing on variables such as training status,nutrition,age,sex,and metabolic health profile.Multi-omics approaches,such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data,along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements,have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan.Downstream of the transcriptome,proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations,while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells.This narrative review highlights(a)the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle,(b)current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade(DNA,RNA,and protein),and(c)applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)the Science and Technology Development Fund+2 种基金Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)。
文摘The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.
文摘Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.
文摘AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302472)the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230874)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Fund(ASF)(Grant No.2023Z057052005)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)(Grant No.MCAS-I-0124G02)the funding received from Jiangsu Hanvo Safety Product Co.,Ltd。
文摘High-performance fiber fabrics and composites experienced transverse compression deformation at ultrahigh strain rates near the impact point when subjected to high-velocity impacts,which significantly affected their ballistic limits.In this paper,a fiber-scale experimental method for characterizing ultrahigh strain-rate transverse compression behavior was proposed.To begin with,in order to measure the extremely low stress and strain in small specimens,the conventional Hopkinson bar was reduced to the hundred-micron scale,thereby achieving wave impedance matching with single fibers.In addition,tangential and normal laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)methods were employed to realize non-contact,high-precision,and high-speed axial velocity measurements of micron-scale incident and transmission bars,respectively.Meanwhile,a microscopic observation system was used to facilitate the installation of miniature fiber samples.The experimental setup and procedures were introduced,and the system accuracy was verified through sample-free loading tests based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory.Dynamic compression experiments on Graphene-UHMWPE fibers were carried out,followed by post-compression microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results demonstrated that successful mechanical characterization was achieved at strain rates exceeding 105,an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported maximum rates.Furthermore,during the loading process,the fibers underwent uniform compression deformation while exhibiting pronounced strain-rate effects.This method offers a novel approach for dynamic mechanical characterization of microscale single fibers,enabling the development of comprehensive strain-ratedependent material models to guide the design of advanced composites and high-performance fibers.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Development Plan Project,Nos.MS2023113(to JC),MS2022090Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Jiangsu Qing-Lan Project(to GL).
文摘Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000201)National Scientific Foundation of China(32272861)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)。
文摘Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.
文摘High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging foundation models and multimodal learning frameworks are enabling scalable and transferable representations of cellular states,while advances in interpretability and real-world data integration are bridging the gap between discovery and clinical application.This paper outlines a concise roadmap for AI-driven,transcriptome-centered multi-omics integration in precision medicine(Figure 1).
文摘To investigate the impact of temporary structures on the mechanical behavior of shaped bridge towers during the construction process,the Dianbu River Special Bridge was selected as the engineering background.A finite element model of the middle tower column during the construction stage was established using ABAQUS to analyze the effects of key parameters,including the angle and pretension of temporary cables,as well as the wall thickness and diameter of temporary diagonal braces.The study examines how these parameters influence the stresses at the towergirder consolidation.The results indicate that the angle of temporary cables significantly affects the tensile stresses at the tower-girder consolidation,while its impact on compressive stresses is minimal.Among all parameters,the pretension of temporary cables has the most pronounced effect on the stresses at the tower-girder consolidation.In contrast,the wall thickness of temporary diagonal braces has only a minor influence,whereas the diameter of temporary diagonal braces has an almost negligible impact.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and arrangement of temporary support structures in similar bridge construction projects.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611100,2023YFA1406100,and 2018YFA0704201)the Systematic Fundamental Research Program Leveraging Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704385,11874359,and 12274444)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)。
文摘Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1208100,2021YFA1200102,2021YFA1200101,2023YFF1205803,and 2022YFE0128700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22173050 and 22595390)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS-CXXM-202407).
文摘Single-molecule electroluminescence(SMEL)confines light emission to a well-defined molecular junction,creating a unique platform for probing light-matter interactions at the ultimate spatial limit.This perspective argues that four controllable levers—nanocavity plasmons,interface engineering,electric-field modulation,and molecular design—collectively govern the quantum efficiency,spectral characteristics,and excited-state dynamics of SMEL[1].This multifaceted control scheme opens up pathways to transformative technologies,including quantum light sources,single-molecule light-emitting diodes(LEDs),andprogrammable optoelectronic chips.
文摘Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a global challenge,with limited effective treatment options for advanced-stage disease.The HIMALAYA trial(phase III randomized study that evaluated the STRIDE regimen)introduced the Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab(STRIDE)regimen,an immunotherapy-based approach that achieved a median overall survival(OS)of 16.43 months compared to 13.77 months with sorafenib.While statistically significant,this~2.7 months OS gain warrants scrutiny in light of STRIDE’s increased immune-related toxicity and cost.This commentary evaluates STRIDE’s impact within the broader landscape of first-line systemic therapy for unresectable HCC,alongside other regimens such as atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab.We explore STRIDE’s mechanism of action,safety profile,modest progression-free survival(PFS)improvement,and implementation challenges,incorporating insights from 2023-2025 research.In addition,we discussed its limitations in non-viral HCC and Child-Pugh B patients,the role of emerging biomarkers,and the potential of radiation to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.As a dual immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)strategy,STRIDE offers an important advance that may not only extend survival but also open the door to future curative approaches.However,optimizing its use will require refined patient selection and further investigation of synergistic combination therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12494604,12393834,12393831,62274014,6223501662335015)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1208900)。
文摘The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274040 and U2430208)。
文摘The single electron capture processes in Si^(3,4+)+He collisions have been investigated theoretically employing the two-center atomic orbital close-coupling method in the energy range 0.01-100 keV/u.Total and state-selective electron capture cross sections for the dominant and subdominant reaction channels are calculated and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.For the total charge transfer cross sections,the present results show better agreements with the available experimental data than the other theoretical ones in the overlapping energy region for both collision systems.For the state-selective cross sections,the present results for 3s and 3p states are in general agreement with the previous MOCC results in the low energy region for both collision systems.Furthermore,the cross sections for electron captured to the 3d,4l and 5l(l=0,1,...,n-1)states of Si^(2+)and Si^(3+)ions are first provided in a broad energy region in our work.These results are useful for the investigations in astrophysics.The datasets presented in this paper,including the total and state-selective electron capture cross sections of Si^(3,4+)+He collisions in 0.01-100 ke V/u,are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00257.
基金supported by the Deanship of Research at the King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals,Dhahran,31261,Saudi Arabia,under Project No.EC241001.
文摘Various factors,including weak tie-lines into the electric power system(EPS)networks,can lead to low-frequency oscillations(LFOs),which are considered an instant,non-threatening situation,but slow-acting and poisonous.Considering the challenge mentioned,this article proposes a clustering-based machine learning(ML)framework to enhance the stability of EPS networks by suppressing LFOs through real-time tuning of key power system stabilizer(PSS)parameters.To validate the proposed strategy,two distinct EPS networks are selected:the single-machine infinite-bus(SMIB)with a single-stage PSS and the unified power flow controller(UPFC)coordinated SMIB with a double-stage PSS.To generate data under various loading conditions for both networks,an efficient but offline meta-heuristic algorithm,namely the grey wolf optimizer(GWO),is used,with the loading conditions as inputs and the key PSS parameters as outputs.The generated loading conditions are then clustered using the fuzzy k-means(FKM)clustering method.Finally,the group method of data handling(GMDH)and long short-term memory(LSTM)ML models are developed for clustered data to predict PSS key parameters in real time for any loading condition.A few well-known statistical performance indices(SPI)are considered for validation and robustness of the training and testing procedure of the developed FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM models based on the prediction of PSS parameters.The performance of the ML models is also evaluated using three stability indices(i.e.,minimum damping ratio,eigenvalues,and time-domain simulations)after optimally tuned PSS with real-time estimated parameters under changing operating conditions.Besides,the outputs of the offline(GWO-based)metaheuristic model,proposed real-time(FKM-GMDH and FKM-LSTM)machine learning models,and previously reported literature models are compared.According to the results,the proposed methodology outperforms the others in enhancing the stability of the selected EPS networks by damping out the observed unwanted LFOs under various loading conditions.
