The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-a...The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Comparative analysis of the heavy-ion irradiation effects on three device structures reveals distinct susceptibility characteristics.The gate oxide region is identified as the most sensitive position in planar devices,while trench and doubletrench structures exhibit no localized sensitive regions.Furthermore,the single-event susceptibility demonstrates strong depth dependence across all three structures,with enhanced vulnerability observed at greater ion penetration depths.展开更多
This study presents a real-time tracking algorithm derived from the retina algorithm,designed for the rapid,real-time tracking of straight-line particle trajectories.These trajectories are detected by pixel detectors ...This study presents a real-time tracking algorithm derived from the retina algorithm,designed for the rapid,real-time tracking of straight-line particle trajectories.These trajectories are detected by pixel detectors to localize single-event effects in two-dimensional space.Initially,we developed a retina algorithm to track the trajectory of a single heavy ion and achieved a positional accuracy of 40μm.This was accomplished by analyzing trajectory samples from the simulations using a pixel sensor with a 72×72 pixel array and an 83μm pixel pitch.Subsequently,we refined this approach to create an iterative retina algorithm for tracking multiple heavy-ion trajectories in single events.This iterative version demonstrated a tracking efficiency of over 97%,with a positional resolution comparable to that of single-track events.Furthermore,it exhibits significant parallelism,requires fewer resources,and is ideally suited for implementation in field-programmable gate arrays on board-level systems,facilitating real-time online trajectory tracking.展开更多
Identifying sensitive areas in integrated circuits susceptible to single-event effects(SEE)is crucial for improving radiation hardness.This study presents an online multi-track location(OML)framework to enhance the hi...Identifying sensitive areas in integrated circuits susceptible to single-event effects(SEE)is crucial for improving radiation hardness.This study presents an online multi-track location(OML)framework to enhance the high-resolution online trajectory detection for the Hi’Beam-SEE system,which aims to localize SEE-sensitive positions on the IC at the micrometer scale and in real time.We employed a reparameterization method to accelerate the inference speed,merging the branches of the backbone of the location in the deployment scenario.Additionally,we designed an irregular convolution kernel,an attention mechanism,and a fused loss function to improve the positioning accuracy.OML demonstrates exceptional realtime processing capabilities,achieving a positioning accuracy of 1.83μm in processing data generated by the Hi’Beam-SEE system at 163 frames per second per GPU.展开更多
Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the...Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the threshold linear energy transfer of a tested device is a critical parameter for determining the maximum proton energy. The inner mechanisms are further revealed. Highenergy deposition events(>10 MeV) in sensitive volumes are attributed to the interaction between protons and the tungsten vias in the metallization layers.展开更多
Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,r...Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,respectively.Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed,and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test.The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar.Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed,and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm^2 mg^-1.The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.展开更多
With extensive use of flash-based field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) in military and aerospace applications, single-event effects(SEEs) of FPGAs induced by radiations have been a major concern. In this paper, we pr...With extensive use of flash-based field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) in military and aerospace applications, single-event effects(SEEs) of FPGAs induced by radiations have been a major concern. In this paper, we present SEE experimental study of a flash-based FPGA from Microsemi Pro ASIC3 product family. The relation between the cross section and different linear energy transfer(LET) values for the logic tiles and embedded RAM blocks is obtained. The results show that the sequential logic cross section depends not too much on operating frequency of the device. And the relationship between 0 →1 upsets(zeros) and 1 →0 upsets(ones) is different for different kinds of D-flip-flops. The devices are not sensitive to SEL up to a LET of 99.0 Me V cm2/mg.Post-beam tests show that the programming module is damaged due to the high-LET ions.展开更多
This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate t...This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.展开更多
Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from pref...Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.展开更多
The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,rem...The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationshi...Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based ...[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continu...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.展开更多
Existing studies on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)mainly focused on institutional features,macro-economic impacts,and trade-network structures,while its geographic attributes and their implicati...Existing studies on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)mainly focused on institutional features,macro-economic impacts,and trade-network structures,while its geographic attributes and their implications remain underexplored.Taking the RCEP as a case,this paper examines how the FTA reshapes China’s trade geography and validates these effects with an enhanced GTAP model,providing an empirical basis for advancing trade-geography theory.Key findings include:(1)RCEP significantly reduces regional trade costs.After full implementation of the agreement,the average tariffs among member countries will decrease to 40.5%of the pre-implementation level,while import and export trade facilitation levels improve by 34.3%and 29.6%,respectively.However,these improvements exhibit marked regional disparities.(2)RCEP asymmetrically promotes China’s foreign trade growth,with stronger import stimulation than export expansion,alongside significant product-specific variations.(3)The agreement reshapes China’s trade geography,driving a 7.66%increase in intra-RCEP trade while reducing extra-RCEP trade by 0.80%.(4)The restructuring of China’s trade patterns under RCEP emerges from the complex interplay of trade creation,diversion,and crowding-out effects.Accordingly,China should further harmonize regional tariff schedules,enhance trade-facilitation mechanisms,strengthen industrial competitiveness and expand multilateral partnerships.展开更多
Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages ha...Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.展开更多
When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may aff...When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may affect the initiation and propagation of fractures within brittle materials.Understanding the physical mechanisms leading to failure is crucial for underground engineering applications and geo-energy exploration and storage.We conducted triaxial compression experiments on porous Bentheim sandstone samples at different stress paths and pressure change rates.First,at a constant confining pressure of 35 MPa and pore pressure of 5 MPa,intact cylindrical samples were axially loaded up to about 85%of the peak strength.Subsequently,the axial piston position was fixed,and then either the pore pressure was increased or the confining pressure was decreased at two different rates(0.5 MPa/min or 2 MPa/min),leading to final catastrophic failure.The mechanical results revealed that samples subjected to higher rates of decreasing effective confining pressure exhibited larger stress drop rates,higher slip rates,higher total breakdown work,higher rates of acoustic emissions(AEs)before failure,and higher post-failure AE decay rates.In contrast,the applied stress path did not significantly affect rock failure characteristics.Comparison of located AE events with post-mortem microstructures of deformed samples shows a good agreement.The AE source type determined from the P-wave first-motion polarity shows that shear failure dominated the fracture process when approaching failure.Gutenberg-Richter b-values revealed a significant decrease before failure in all tests.Our results indicate that,in contrast to the stress path,the rate of effective stress change strongly affects fracturing behavior and AE rate changes.展开更多
Significant progress has been recently made in studying artemisinin and its derivatives for treating cardiovascular diseases,making this area a prominent research focus.Artemisinin,discovered with great acclaim,was in...Significant progress has been recently made in studying artemisinin and its derivatives for treating cardiovascular diseases,making this area a prominent research focus.Artemisinin,discovered with great acclaim,was initially and widely adopted in antimalarial treatments.As scientific research steadily progressed,its latent potential role in the cardiovascular system gradually captured the attention of the global scientific community.Artemisinin and its derivatives can reportedly play a protective role in the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory,anti-angiogenic,antioxidant,and anti-fibrotic effects,as well as the regulation of blood lipids and blood pressure.In particular,they have shown promising therapeutic effects in models of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,myocardial ischaemia,and cardiac hypertrophy.In addition,artemisinin and its derivatives can improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular injury by regulating signalling pathways closely related to cardiovascular disease,such as AMPK and NF-kB.Although numerous ex vivo and in vivo experiments have verified the potential role of artemisinin in treating cardiovascular diseases,systematic studies to comprehensively elucidate its specific mechanism of action remain scarce.Further exploration of the precise roles of artemisinin and its derivatives in cardiovascular disease therapy,along with their potential clinical applications,could offer valuable insights for future research and treatment strategies.展开更多
Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain y...Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain yield and contributes to food security remains unclear.Therefore,using panel data from 327 Chinese cities(2013–2021),this study employs spatial econometric models to analyze the spatial spillover effects of agricultural modernization level(AML)on grain yield and to reveal regional heterogeneity across nine major agricultural zones.The results showed a cumulative grain yield increase of 23.7 million tons,with peak productivity concentrated along the Hu Line and declining eastward and westward.AML also exhibited a steady increase but a clear spatial gradient,decreasing from coastal to inland regions,with the highest level observed in Southern China(SC).A key finding was that a 1%increase in AML directly raised local grain yield by an average of 4.185%,accompanied by significant positive spillover effects on neighboring regions.Regional variations revealed distinct patterns:the direct effects of AML were more pronounced in southern and eastern zones,while spillover effects dominated in northern and western zones.The largest positive direct impact of AML on grain yield was observed in the SC(8.499%),while Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain ranked second but exhibited the strongest positive spatial spillover effect(4.534%).These findings highlight the critical role of agricultural modernization in promoting grain production and provide a solid basis for optimizing regional agricultural systems,ensuring food security,and advancing sustainable agriculture.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1609000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474190,U22B2043,U2267210)。
文摘The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Comparative analysis of the heavy-ion irradiation effects on three device structures reveals distinct susceptibility characteristics.The gate oxide region is identified as the most sensitive position in planar devices,while trench and doubletrench structures exhibit no localized sensitive regions.Furthermore,the single-event susceptibility demonstrates strong depth dependence across all three structures,with enhanced vulnerability observed at greater ion penetration depths.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205224)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hubei Province China(No.Q20221703)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12035006,U2032140)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFE0202000)。
文摘This study presents a real-time tracking algorithm derived from the retina algorithm,designed for the rapid,real-time tracking of straight-line particle trajectories.These trajectories are detected by pixel detectors to localize single-event effects in two-dimensional space.Initially,we developed a retina algorithm to track the trajectory of a single heavy ion and achieved a positional accuracy of 40μm.This was accomplished by analyzing trajectory samples from the simulations using a pixel sensor with a 72×72 pixel array and an 83μm pixel pitch.Subsequently,we refined this approach to create an iterative retina algorithm for tracking multiple heavy-ion trajectories in single events.This iterative version demonstrated a tracking efficiency of over 97%,with a positional resolution comparable to that of single-track events.Furthermore,it exhibits significant parallelism,requires fewer resources,and is ideally suited for implementation in field-programmable gate arrays on board-level systems,facilitating real-time online trajectory tracking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2032209,12222512,12375193,12305210)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1601300)the CAS“Light of West China”Program,the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talent Program,the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030008).
文摘Identifying sensitive areas in integrated circuits susceptible to single-event effects(SEE)is crucial for improving radiation hardness.This study presents an online multi-track location(OML)framework to enhance the high-resolution online trajectory detection for the Hi’Beam-SEE system,which aims to localize SEE-sensitive positions on the IC at the micrometer scale and in real time.We employed a reparameterization method to accelerate the inference speed,merging the branches of the backbone of the location in the deployment scenario.Additionally,we designed an irregular convolution kernel,an attention mechanism,and a fused loss function to improve the positioning accuracy.OML demonstrates exceptional realtime processing capabilities,achieving a positioning accuracy of 1.83μm in processing data generated by the Hi’Beam-SEE system at 163 frames per second per GPU.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11505033)the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong,China(Nos.2015B090901048 and 2017B090901068)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou,China(No.201707010186)
文摘Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the threshold linear energy transfer of a tested device is a critical parameter for determining the maximum proton energy. The inner mechanisms are further revealed. Highenergy deposition events(>10 MeV) in sensitive volumes are attributed to the interaction between protons and the tungsten vias in the metallization layers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575138,11835006,11690040,and 11690043)
文摘Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,respectively.Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed,and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test.The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar.Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed,and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm^2 mg^-1.The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11079045,11179003 and 11305233)
文摘With extensive use of flash-based field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) in military and aerospace applications, single-event effects(SEEs) of FPGAs induced by radiations have been a major concern. In this paper, we present SEE experimental study of a flash-based FPGA from Microsemi Pro ASIC3 product family. The relation between the cross section and different linear energy transfer(LET) values for the logic tiles and embedded RAM blocks is obtained. The results show that the sequential logic cross section depends not too much on operating frequency of the device. And the relationship between 0 →1 upsets(zeros) and 1 →0 upsets(ones) is different for different kinds of D-flip-flops. The devices are not sensitive to SEL up to a LET of 99.0 Me V cm2/mg.Post-beam tests show that the programming module is damaged due to the high-LET ions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62174180 and 62304258)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1609000)。
文摘This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on the Multi-scale Regional Industrial Spatial Evolution Mechanism,Resource and Environmental Effects,and Green Transformation in the Yellow River Basin”[Grant No.42371194]Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province[Grant Nos.tsqn202408148 and tstp20240821].
文摘Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.
文摘The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金supported by the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(No.2022GDASZH-2022010104-2)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000006).
文摘Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021CG0013)Bayannur City Science and Technology Plan Project(K202014)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(2022YFHH0088)Research Special Project of the Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(STAQZX202320).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82003977,82274134 and 82274139)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC1702200)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C04020)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2025C02183).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471202,No.72441005。
文摘Existing studies on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)mainly focused on institutional features,macro-economic impacts,and trade-network structures,while its geographic attributes and their implications remain underexplored.Taking the RCEP as a case,this paper examines how the FTA reshapes China’s trade geography and validates these effects with an enhanced GTAP model,providing an empirical basis for advancing trade-geography theory.Key findings include:(1)RCEP significantly reduces regional trade costs.After full implementation of the agreement,the average tariffs among member countries will decrease to 40.5%of the pre-implementation level,while import and export trade facilitation levels improve by 34.3%and 29.6%,respectively.However,these improvements exhibit marked regional disparities.(2)RCEP asymmetrically promotes China’s foreign trade growth,with stronger import stimulation than export expansion,alongside significant product-specific variations.(3)The agreement reshapes China’s trade geography,driving a 7.66%increase in intra-RCEP trade while reducing extra-RCEP trade by 0.80%.(4)The restructuring of China’s trade patterns under RCEP emerges from the complex interplay of trade creation,diversion,and crowding-out effects.Accordingly,China should further harmonize regional tariff schedules,enhance trade-facilitation mechanisms,strengthen industrial competitiveness and expand multilateral partnerships.
基金supported by the National Science and Tech-nology Major Project of China(Nos.2017-II-0007-0021 and J2019-II-0017-0038)。
文摘Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.
文摘When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may affect the initiation and propagation of fractures within brittle materials.Understanding the physical mechanisms leading to failure is crucial for underground engineering applications and geo-energy exploration and storage.We conducted triaxial compression experiments on porous Bentheim sandstone samples at different stress paths and pressure change rates.First,at a constant confining pressure of 35 MPa and pore pressure of 5 MPa,intact cylindrical samples were axially loaded up to about 85%of the peak strength.Subsequently,the axial piston position was fixed,and then either the pore pressure was increased or the confining pressure was decreased at two different rates(0.5 MPa/min or 2 MPa/min),leading to final catastrophic failure.The mechanical results revealed that samples subjected to higher rates of decreasing effective confining pressure exhibited larger stress drop rates,higher slip rates,higher total breakdown work,higher rates of acoustic emissions(AEs)before failure,and higher post-failure AE decay rates.In contrast,the applied stress path did not significantly affect rock failure characteristics.Comparison of located AE events with post-mortem microstructures of deformed samples shows a good agreement.The AE source type determined from the P-wave first-motion polarity shows that shear failure dominated the fracture process when approaching failure.Gutenberg-Richter b-values revealed a significant decrease before failure in all tests.Our results indicate that,in contrast to the stress path,the rate of effective stress change strongly affects fracturing behavior and AE rate changes.
基金supported by the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant number:ZR2022QH340).
文摘Significant progress has been recently made in studying artemisinin and its derivatives for treating cardiovascular diseases,making this area a prominent research focus.Artemisinin,discovered with great acclaim,was initially and widely adopted in antimalarial treatments.As scientific research steadily progressed,its latent potential role in the cardiovascular system gradually captured the attention of the global scientific community.Artemisinin and its derivatives can reportedly play a protective role in the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory,anti-angiogenic,antioxidant,and anti-fibrotic effects,as well as the regulation of blood lipids and blood pressure.In particular,they have shown promising therapeutic effects in models of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,myocardial ischaemia,and cardiac hypertrophy.In addition,artemisinin and its derivatives can improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular injury by regulating signalling pathways closely related to cardiovascular disease,such as AMPK and NF-kB.Although numerous ex vivo and in vivo experiments have verified the potential role of artemisinin in treating cardiovascular diseases,systematic studies to comprehensively elucidate its specific mechanism of action remain scarce.Further exploration of the precise roles of artemisinin and its derivatives in cardiovascular disease therapy,along with their potential clinical applications,could offer valuable insights for future research and treatment strategies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471455,No.42230113National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3800804-01。
文摘Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain yield and contributes to food security remains unclear.Therefore,using panel data from 327 Chinese cities(2013–2021),this study employs spatial econometric models to analyze the spatial spillover effects of agricultural modernization level(AML)on grain yield and to reveal regional heterogeneity across nine major agricultural zones.The results showed a cumulative grain yield increase of 23.7 million tons,with peak productivity concentrated along the Hu Line and declining eastward and westward.AML also exhibited a steady increase but a clear spatial gradient,decreasing from coastal to inland regions,with the highest level observed in Southern China(SC).A key finding was that a 1%increase in AML directly raised local grain yield by an average of 4.185%,accompanied by significant positive spillover effects on neighboring regions.Regional variations revealed distinct patterns:the direct effects of AML were more pronounced in southern and eastern zones,while spillover effects dominated in northern and western zones.The largest positive direct impact of AML on grain yield was observed in the SC(8.499%),while Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain ranked second but exhibited the strongest positive spatial spillover effect(4.534%).These findings highlight the critical role of agricultural modernization in promoting grain production and provide a solid basis for optimizing regional agricultural systems,ensuring food security,and advancing sustainable agriculture.
