Single crystal Ni-rich cathode materials(SCNCM)are a good supplement in the market of nickel-based materials due to their safety and excellent electrochemical performance.However,the challenges of cation mixing,phase ...Single crystal Ni-rich cathode materials(SCNCM)are a good supplement in the market of nickel-based materials due to their safety and excellent electrochemical performance.However,the challenges of cation mixing,phase change during charge/discharge,and low thermal stability remain unresolved in single crystal particles.To address these issues,SCNCM are rationally modified by incorporating transition metal(TM)oxides,and the influence of metal ions with different valence states on the electrochemical properties of SCNCM is methodically explored through experimental results and theoretical calculations.Enhanced structural stability is demonstrated in SCNCM after the modifications,and the degree of improvement in the matrix materials varies depending on the valence state of doped TM ions.The highest structural stability is found in WO_(3)-modified SCNCM,due to the smaller effective ion radii,higher electro-negativity,stronger W-O bond,and efficient suppression of oxygen vacancy generation.As a result,WO_(3)-modified SCNCM have outstanding cycle performance,with a capacity retention rate of90.2%after 200 cycles.This study provides an insight into the design of advanced SCNCM with enhanced reversibility and cyclability.展开更多
An analytical surface potential model for the single material double work function gate （SMDWG） MOSFET is developed based on the exact resultant solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The model includes t...An analytical surface potential model for the single material double work function gate （SMDWG） MOSFET is developed based on the exact resultant solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The model includes the effects of drain biases, gate oxide thickness, different combinations of S-gate and D-gate length and values of substrate doping concentration. More attention has been paid to seeking to explain the attributes of the SMDWG MOSFET, such as suppressing drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL）, accelerating carrier drift velocity and device speed. The model is verified by comparison to the simulated results using the device simulator MEDICI. The accuracy of the results obtained using our analytical model is verified using numerical simulations. The model not only offers the physical insight into device physics but also provides the basic designing guideline for the device.展开更多
Based on the traditional measurement theory of transient plane source (TPS) technique, single-side TPS method is proposed for measuring the thermal conductivity of single specimen. The problem of transient heat conduc...Based on the traditional measurement theory of transient plane source (TPS) technique, single-side TPS method is proposed for measuring the thermal conductivity of single specimen. The problem of transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite boundary condition is studied and the theoretical formula of single-side TPS method is deduced. During the measurement, the influence of the probe heat capacity on the results is analyzed and the corresponding mathematical compensation model is established, and a series of experiments on different materials are conducted by hot disk probe at normal temperature and pressure. The results show that the relative error with the single-side TPS method is less than 5% and the relative standard deviation is no greater than 3%. This method has high accuracy and good reproducibility, which provides a feasible measuring method for single material that does not meet the requirements of the standard TPS theory.展开更多
For emerging renewable and sustainable energy technologies,single crystal materials have become key materials to enhance electrocatalytic performance because of their atomic-level ordered structures and tailorable sur...For emerging renewable and sustainable energy technologies,single crystal materials have become key materials to enhance electrocatalytic performance because of their atomic-level ordered structures and tailorable surface and interfacial properties.Various single crystal types,including metals,semiconductors,ceramics,organics,and nanocrystals,exhibit superior catalytic selectivity and stability in reactions such as water splitting and carbon/nitrogen cycles,benefiting from high electrical conductivity,tunable energy bands,and active sites with high surface energy.Through surface modification,interfacial atomic doping,and heterostructure construction,the distribution of active sites,electronic structure,and mass transport can be precisely regulated,significantly optimizing the catalytic kinetics of single crystal materials.In situ characterizations elucidate catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale,while emerging methods like AI-assisted synthesis and bio-template directed growth offer pathways to overcome bottlenecks in the precision and cost of single crystal preparation.In addressing stability challenges in complex environments,strategies such as organic-inorganic hybridization and gradient interface design effectively mitigate interfacial instability.Future research should focus on cross-scale structural regulation and multidisciplinary integration to facilitate the transition of single crystal electrocatalysts from fundamental research to industrial applications,enabling efficient energy conversion.展开更多
Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and ...Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and biomass energy,SAMs have realized ultra-high efficiency and show an appealing future in practical application.More than high activity,the uniform active sites also provide a convincible model for chemists to design and comprehend the mechanism behind the phenomenon.Therefore,we presented an insightful review of the application of the single-atom material in the field of energy conversion.The challenges(e.g.,accurate synthesis and practical application)and future directions(e.g.,machine learning and efficient design)of the applications of SAMs in energy conversion are included,aiming to provide guidance for the research in the next step.展开更多
With the assistance of grinding dynamic model,this paper studied she dynamic parameters of single size ball grinding of single grade size material and mixed materials as well as multi-size ball grinding of single-grad...With the assistance of grinding dynamic model,this paper studied she dynamic parameters of single size ball grinding of single grade size material and mixed materials as well as multi-size ball grinding of single-grade material,and analog-calculated the product size distribution of multi-size ball grinding of mixed materials.The study showed:in a certain grinding timet the analog-calculation achieved the same result as the experiment.展开更多
Liquid water is essential for life,but many other substances that exist in the liquid state under standard conditions can have severe detrimental effects on living organisms and the environment.Isolation of these subs...Liquid water is essential for life,but many other substances that exist in the liquid state under standard conditions can have severe detrimental effects on living organisms and the environment.Isolation of these substances and determination of their three-dimensional structures are important to understand and,ultimately,to eliminate their harmful effects.Unfortunately,the mobility and disorder inherent in liquid molecules present major challenges for their structure elucidation.Consequently,very few structures of liquid molecules have been determined with certainty.Here,a hexazirconium-based MOF[ZrFMOF,Zr_(6)(μ_(3)-O)_(8)(COO)_(8)(H_(2)O)8(DEF)7]was synthesized and shown to act as a host framework to capture and facilitate the crystal structure determination of a series of liquid molecules.In this respect,the ZrFMOF serves as a robust pre-organized single crystalline coating(PSCC)material on the target vip.The ZrFMOF successfully encapsulated 12 toxic liquid molecules through weak interactions within two binding cavities(A and B),enabling accurate structural determination of individual vip molecules,two mixtures and an unknown liquid,all without the need for activation.Three distinct binding modes were identified,involving cavities A,B and A and B together.Furthermore,the ZrFMOF showed excellent adsorption capacities on iodine,various dyes and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),which was confirmed by solid-state NMR.In particular,the ZrFMOF has been so far the strongest absorbent on PFAS(absorption capacity:1.23 mg mg^(−1)).In summary,it is demonstrated for the first time that the ZrFMOF is a versatile PSCC material that can be used to sequester and identify a range of toxic liquid molecules and remove three kinds of pollutants(iodine,dyes and PFAS)in water.展开更多
Crystallization is of fundamental importance in nature and industry[1,2].Single-crystal materials,with their excellent mechanical,optical,and electrical properties,have drawn much attention in semiconductor technologi...Crystallization is of fundamental importance in nature and industry[1,2].Single-crystal materials,with their excellent mechanical,optical,and electrical properties,have drawn much attention in semiconductor technologies regarding singlenucleus crystallization[3].展开更多
A lead-based coordination polymer,Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)],has been synthesized through a hydrothermalreaction by combining Pb(NO3)2,2,6-NC5H3(CO_(2)H)2,and H_(2)O at 180℃.Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]exhibits arhom...A lead-based coordination polymer,Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)],has been synthesized through a hydrothermalreaction by combining Pb(NO3)2,2,6-NC5H3(CO_(2)H)2,and H_(2)O at 180℃.Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]exhibits arhombic-like pseudo-two-dimensional(2D)structure consisting of PbO4N polyhedra and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate linkers that are connected through O and N atoms.Photoluminescence measurementreveals that Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]is a single component white light emitting material with a remarkably highquantum efficiency.Thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction performed at differenttemperatures indicate that Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]displays a very high thermal stability.A complete characterizationincluding infrared and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,elemental analysis,and energy dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy are also presented.展开更多
Efficient generation of synthetic gas(syngas)through the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)and H_(2)O is a promising route to realize the conversion and storage of electricity.The production of syngas with a controll...Efficient generation of synthetic gas(syngas)through the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)and H_(2)O is a promising route to realize the conversion and storage of electricity.The production of syngas with a controlled CO/H_(2)ratio is significant for the subsequent preparation of value-added chemicals.Herein,a vip–host pyrolysis strategy is employed to synthesize Co–C/N_(x)-based single-site catalytic materials.The as-prepared materials possess a high graphitic degree of carbon,which supports the rapid electron transport and promotes efficient electrochemical reduction reactions.As a result,these materials can serve as excellent electrocatalysts for the production of syngas by the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,which exhibits high production rates and steady CO/H_(2)ratio(v:v=1:2)at wide-range electrochemical windows.The faradaic efficiency reaches nearly 100%,and the formation rate reaches as high as 1.08 mol g^(-1)h^(-1)at 1.0 V vs.RHE.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(52004103,51974137,52274229,22350410378 and 52304328)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(2020M671361 and 2023M733189)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20220534)the Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(2020Z090)the Senior Talents Fund of Jiangsu University,China(5501220014)the Key Research and Development Project of Ningxia Province,China(2024BEE02001)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province,China(KLABM-2024092403).
文摘Single crystal Ni-rich cathode materials(SCNCM)are a good supplement in the market of nickel-based materials due to their safety and excellent electrochemical performance.However,the challenges of cation mixing,phase change during charge/discharge,and low thermal stability remain unresolved in single crystal particles.To address these issues,SCNCM are rationally modified by incorporating transition metal(TM)oxides,and the influence of metal ions with different valence states on the electrochemical properties of SCNCM is methodically explored through experimental results and theoretical calculations.Enhanced structural stability is demonstrated in SCNCM after the modifications,and the degree of improvement in the matrix materials varies depending on the valence state of doped TM ions.The highest structural stability is found in WO_(3)-modified SCNCM,due to the smaller effective ion radii,higher electro-negativity,stronger W-O bond,and efficient suppression of oxygen vacancy generation.As a result,WO_(3)-modified SCNCM have outstanding cycle performance,with a capacity retention rate of90.2%after 200 cycles.This study provides an insight into the design of advanced SCNCM with enhanced reversibility and cyclability.
基金supported by the National Youth Science Foundation of China(No.61006064)the Natural Science Foundation of Education Office,Anhui Province(No.KJ2013A071)
文摘An analytical surface potential model for the single material double work function gate （SMDWG） MOSFET is developed based on the exact resultant solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The model includes the effects of drain biases, gate oxide thickness, different combinations of S-gate and D-gate length and values of substrate doping concentration. More attention has been paid to seeking to explain the attributes of the SMDWG MOSFET, such as suppressing drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL）, accelerating carrier drift velocity and device speed. The model is verified by comparison to the simulated results using the device simulator MEDICI. The accuracy of the results obtained using our analytical model is verified using numerical simulations. The model not only offers the physical insight into device physics but also provides the basic designing guideline for the device.
文摘Based on the traditional measurement theory of transient plane source (TPS) technique, single-side TPS method is proposed for measuring the thermal conductivity of single specimen. The problem of transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite boundary condition is studied and the theoretical formula of single-side TPS method is deduced. During the measurement, the influence of the probe heat capacity on the results is analyzed and the corresponding mathematical compensation model is established, and a series of experiments on different materials are conducted by hot disk probe at normal temperature and pressure. The results show that the relative error with the single-side TPS method is less than 5% and the relative standard deviation is no greater than 3%. This method has high accuracy and good reproducibility, which provides a feasible measuring method for single material that does not meet the requirements of the standard TPS theory.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202366)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tstp20240515,tsqn202312217)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(China,No.2025HWYQ-050,ZR2021QE011,ZR2022QH072,ZR2021QE284)the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,the Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies.
文摘For emerging renewable and sustainable energy technologies,single crystal materials have become key materials to enhance electrocatalytic performance because of their atomic-level ordered structures and tailorable surface and interfacial properties.Various single crystal types,including metals,semiconductors,ceramics,organics,and nanocrystals,exhibit superior catalytic selectivity and stability in reactions such as water splitting and carbon/nitrogen cycles,benefiting from high electrical conductivity,tunable energy bands,and active sites with high surface energy.Through surface modification,interfacial atomic doping,and heterostructure construction,the distribution of active sites,electronic structure,and mass transport can be precisely regulated,significantly optimizing the catalytic kinetics of single crystal materials.In situ characterizations elucidate catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale,while emerging methods like AI-assisted synthesis and bio-template directed growth offer pathways to overcome bottlenecks in the precision and cost of single crystal preparation.In addressing stability challenges in complex environments,strategies such as organic-inorganic hybridization and gradient interface design effectively mitigate interfacial instability.Future research should focus on cross-scale structural regulation and multidisciplinary integration to facilitate the transition of single crystal electrocatalysts from fundamental research to industrial applications,enabling efficient energy conversion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22325101。
文摘Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and biomass energy,SAMs have realized ultra-high efficiency and show an appealing future in practical application.More than high activity,the uniform active sites also provide a convincible model for chemists to design and comprehend the mechanism behind the phenomenon.Therefore,we presented an insightful review of the application of the single-atom material in the field of energy conversion.The challenges(e.g.,accurate synthesis and practical application)and future directions(e.g.,machine learning and efficient design)of the applications of SAMs in energy conversion are included,aiming to provide guidance for the research in the next step.
文摘With the assistance of grinding dynamic model,this paper studied she dynamic parameters of single size ball grinding of single grade size material and mixed materials as well as multi-size ball grinding of single-grade material,and analog-calculated the product size distribution of multi-size ball grinding of mixed materials.The study showed:in a certain grinding timet the analog-calculation achieved the same result as the experiment.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82293681(82293680)]the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515011191).
文摘Liquid water is essential for life,but many other substances that exist in the liquid state under standard conditions can have severe detrimental effects on living organisms and the environment.Isolation of these substances and determination of their three-dimensional structures are important to understand and,ultimately,to eliminate their harmful effects.Unfortunately,the mobility and disorder inherent in liquid molecules present major challenges for their structure elucidation.Consequently,very few structures of liquid molecules have been determined with certainty.Here,a hexazirconium-based MOF[ZrFMOF,Zr_(6)(μ_(3)-O)_(8)(COO)_(8)(H_(2)O)8(DEF)7]was synthesized and shown to act as a host framework to capture and facilitate the crystal structure determination of a series of liquid molecules.In this respect,the ZrFMOF serves as a robust pre-organized single crystalline coating(PSCC)material on the target vip.The ZrFMOF successfully encapsulated 12 toxic liquid molecules through weak interactions within two binding cavities(A and B),enabling accurate structural determination of individual vip molecules,two mixtures and an unknown liquid,all without the need for activation.Three distinct binding modes were identified,involving cavities A,B and A and B together.Furthermore,the ZrFMOF showed excellent adsorption capacities on iodine,various dyes and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),which was confirmed by solid-state NMR.In particular,the ZrFMOF has been so far the strongest absorbent on PFAS(absorption capacity:1.23 mg mg^(−1)).In summary,it is demonstrated for the first time that the ZrFMOF is a versatile PSCC material that can be used to sequester and identify a range of toxic liquid molecules and remove three kinds of pollutants(iodine,dyes and PFAS)in water.
文摘Crystallization is of fundamental importance in nature and industry[1,2].Single-crystal materials,with their excellent mechanical,optical,and electrical properties,have drawn much attention in semiconductor technologies regarding singlenucleus crystallization[3].
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Grant 2016R1A2A2A05005298).
文摘A lead-based coordination polymer,Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)],has been synthesized through a hydrothermalreaction by combining Pb(NO3)2,2,6-NC5H3(CO_(2)H)2,and H_(2)O at 180℃.Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]exhibits arhombic-like pseudo-two-dimensional(2D)structure consisting of PbO4N polyhedra and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate linkers that are connected through O and N atoms.Photoluminescence measurementreveals that Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]is a single component white light emitting material with a remarkably highquantum efficiency.Thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction performed at differenttemperatures indicate that Pb[NC_(5)H_(3)(CO_(2))_(2)]displays a very high thermal stability.A complete characterizationincluding infrared and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,elemental analysis,and energy dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy are also presented.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0700104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071182,21931007,21861001,and 21790052)+1 种基金the 111 Project of China(D17003)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2018KJ129).
文摘Efficient generation of synthetic gas(syngas)through the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)and H_(2)O is a promising route to realize the conversion and storage of electricity.The production of syngas with a controlled CO/H_(2)ratio is significant for the subsequent preparation of value-added chemicals.Herein,a vip–host pyrolysis strategy is employed to synthesize Co–C/N_(x)-based single-site catalytic materials.The as-prepared materials possess a high graphitic degree of carbon,which supports the rapid electron transport and promotes efficient electrochemical reduction reactions.As a result,these materials can serve as excellent electrocatalysts for the production of syngas by the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,which exhibits high production rates and steady CO/H_(2)ratio(v:v=1:2)at wide-range electrochemical windows.The faradaic efficiency reaches nearly 100%,and the formation rate reaches as high as 1.08 mol g^(-1)h^(-1)at 1.0 V vs.RHE.
