As intelligent sensors for marine applications rapidly advance,there is a growing emphasis on developing efficient,low-cost,and sustainable power sources to enhance their performance.With the continuous development of...As intelligent sensors for marine applications rapidly advance,there is a growing emphasis on developing efficient,low-cost,and sustainable power sources to enhance their performance.With the continuous development of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),known for their simple structure and versatile operational modes,these devices exhibit promising technological potential and have garnered extensive attention from a broad spectrum of researchers.The single-electrode mode of TENGs presents an effective means to harness eco-friendly energy sourced from flowing water.In this study,the factors affecting the output performance were investigated using different structures of single-electrode solid-liquid TENGs placed in a circulating water tank.In addition,the solid‒liquid contact process was numerically simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics software,and significant potential energy changes were obtained for the solid‒liquid contact and liquid flow processes.Finally,the energy generated is collected and converted to power several light-emitting diodes,demonstrating that solid‒liquid TENGs can generate effective electrical power in a flowing water environment.Through several experimental investigations,we finally determined that the flow rate of the liquid,the thickness of the friction electrode material,and the contact area have the most significant effect on the output efficiency of TENGs in the form of flowing water,which provides a guide for improving their performance in the future.展开更多
Polytetrafluoroethylene films are treated by room temperature helium atmospheric pressure plasma plumes, which are generated with a home-made single liquid electrode plasma device. After plasma treatment, the water co...Polytetrafluoroethylene films are treated by room temperature helium atmospheric pressure plasma plumes, which are generated with a home-made single liquid electrode plasma device. After plasma treatment, the water contact angle of polytetrafiuoroethylene fihn drops from 114° to 46° and the surface free energy increases from 22.0 mJ/m2 to 59.1 mJ/m2. The optical emission spectrum indicates that there are reactive species such as O2＋, O and He in the plasma plume. After plasma treatment, a highly crosslinking structure is formed on the fihn surface and the oxygen element is incorporated into the film surface in the forms of C O-C-, -C=O, and O C=O groups. Over a period of 10 days, the contact angle of the treated film is recovered by only about 10°, which indicates that the plasma surface modification is stable with time.展开更多
One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as...One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as a single electrode and examine the scenario where a positive voltage is applied.Because of electrostatic induction phenomenon,single-electrode electrostatics only generates electrostatic attraction forces.Here,we discover that single-electrode electrostatics can generate electrostatic repulsion forces and define this new phenomenon as single-electrode electrostatic repulsion phenomenon.We investigate the fundamental electrostatic phenomena,giving a curve of electrostatic force versus voltage and then defining 3 regions.Remote actuation and manipulation are essential technologies that are of enormous concern,with tweezers playing an important role.Various tweezers designed on the basis of external fields of optics,acoustics,and magnetism can be used for remote actuation and manipulation,but some inherent drawbacks still exist.Tweezers would benefit greatly from our discovery in electrostatics.On the basis of this discovery,we propose the concept of electrostatic tweezers,which can achieve noncontact and remote actuation and manipulation.Experimental characterizations and successful applications in metamaterials,robots,and manipulating objects demonstrated that electrostatic tweezers can produce large deformation rates(>6,000%),fast actuation(>100 Hz),and remote manipulating distance(~15 cm)and have the advantages of simple device structure,easy control,lightweight,no dielectric breakdown,and low cost.Our work may deepen people's understanding of single-electrode electrostatics and opens new opportunities for remote actuation and manipulation.展开更多
In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves,...In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves, the cyclic voltammetry and the charge/discharge experiment. The results shows that in 6.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution the corrosion rate of Zn polycrystal, Zn（100） and Zn（002） single crystals decreases in turn; and the reversibility and the charge/discharge performance of Zn single crystal was superior to Zn polycrystal. The dendrite growth of the surface of Zn polycrvstal was easier than Zn single crystal during the stages of charge/discharge.展开更多
Variable temperature in situ FTIR spectroscopy has been used as the primary tool to investigate the effects of temperature(10 to 50 ℃) on formaldehyde dissociative adsorption and electro oxidation on the Ru(00...Variable temperature in situ FTIR spectroscopy has been used as the primary tool to investigate the effects of temperature(10 to 50 ℃) on formaldehyde dissociative adsorption and electro oxidation on the Ru(0001) electrode in perchloric acid solution, and the results were interpreted in terms of the surface chemistry of the Ru(0001) electrode and compared to those obtained during our previous studies on the adsorption of CO under the same conditions. It was found that formaldehyde did undergo dissociative adsorption, even at -200 mV vs . Ag/AgCl, to form linear(CO L) and 3 fold hollow(CO H) binding CO adsorbates. In contrast to the adsorption of CO, it was found that increasing the temperature to 50 ℃ markedly increased the amount of CO adsorbates formed on the Ru(0001) surface from the adsorption of formaldehyde. On increasing the potential, the electro oxidation of the CO adsorbates to CO 2 took place via reaction with the active (1×1) O oxide. A significant increase in the surface reactivity was observed on the RuO 2(100) phase formed at higher potentials. Formic acid was detected as a partial oxidation product during formaldehyde electro oxidation. The data obtained at 50 ℃ are markedly different from those collected at 10 and 25 ℃ in terms of the amount of both CO 2 and formic acid formed and the adsorbed CO L and CO H species observed. These results were rationalized by the thermal effects on both the loosening of the CO adlayer and the activation of surface oxide on increasing the temperature.展开更多
This paper presented 51 cases of intractable epilepsy, of which 36 were males, and 15 females,with a mean age of 21. They were all verified through CT/MRI, among which 17 were proved to have lesions on the brain, and ...This paper presented 51 cases of intractable epilepsy, of which 36 were males, and 15 females,with a mean age of 21. They were all verified through CT/MRI, among which 17 were proved to have lesions on the brain, and 34 to bave no lesion. Before operation all the patients were identified by SPECT and cerebral blood flow imaging (CBF). During the operation they were monitored under subdural strip electrode ECoG for the localization of corticoepileptogenic focus. The results showed that the sensitivity rate of localization with SPECT for corticoepileptogenic focus location was 97.87 %.展开更多
Triboelectric interfaces have already been extensively researched in the area of human–machine interaction owing to their selfsustainability,low cost,easy manufacturing,and diverse configurations.However,some limitat...Triboelectric interfaces have already been extensively researched in the area of human–machine interaction owing to their selfsustainability,low cost,easy manufacturing,and diverse configurations.However,some limitations(e.g.,a large number of electrodes,multiple lines,and chunks)observed in previous works hinder the further development of human–machine interaction applications.Herein,a triboelectric encoding interface is proposed by designing the reverse polarity of the tribo-layers to encode the triboelectric output signals.Owing to the inversion of the tribo-layers and the number of strip electrodes,this encoding method can realize multipurpose interactive commands by using fewer electrodes and a simple structure only in one macroscopic triboelectric device,which greatly reduces the size of the device as well as the influence of external factors on the coded signal output.As a demonstration,a ring with the patterned triboelectric interface(15 mm×20 mm)achieves slide presentation and remote electric device control.In addition,the triboelectric sensor has good sensitivity(1.55 V/N)and durability(>30,000 cycles).This new encoding mode shows the high applicability of the operation mode in diversified interactive applications,which provides more design strategies for intelligent control.展开更多
Surface processes of CO_(2)reduction on Pt(210),Pt(310),and Pt(510)electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.Different surface structures of these platinum single crystal electrodes were obtained by various treatm...Surface processes of CO_(2)reduction on Pt(210),Pt(310),and Pt(510)electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.Different surface structures of these platinum single crystal electrodes were obtained by various treatment conditions.The experimental results illustrated that the electrocatalytic activity of Pt single crystal electrodes towards CO_(2)reduction is decreased in an order of Pt(210)>Pt(310)>Pt(510),i.e.,with the decrease of(110)step density on well-defined surfaces.When the surfaces were reconstructed due to oxygen adsorption,the catalytic activity of all the three electrodes has been enhanced to a cer-tain extent.Although the activity order remains unchanged,the electrocatalytic activity has been en-hanced more significantly as the density of(110)step sites is more intensive on the Pt single crystal surface.It has revealed that the more open the surface structure is,the more active the Pt single crystal electrode will be,and the easier for the electrode to be transformed into a surface structure that exhib-its higher activity under external inductions.However,the relatively ordered surfaces of Pt single crystal electrode are comparatively stable under the same external inductions.The present study has gained knowledge on the interaction between CO_(2)and Pt single crystal electrode surfaces at a micro-scopic level,and thrown new insight into understanding the surface processes of electrocatalytic re-duction of CO_(2).展开更多
基金the support from Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2022A004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372268,No.12332014).
文摘As intelligent sensors for marine applications rapidly advance,there is a growing emphasis on developing efficient,low-cost,and sustainable power sources to enhance their performance.With the continuous development of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),known for their simple structure and versatile operational modes,these devices exhibit promising technological potential and have garnered extensive attention from a broad spectrum of researchers.The single-electrode mode of TENGs presents an effective means to harness eco-friendly energy sourced from flowing water.In this study,the factors affecting the output performance were investigated using different structures of single-electrode solid-liquid TENGs placed in a circulating water tank.In addition,the solid‒liquid contact process was numerically simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics software,and significant potential energy changes were obtained for the solid‒liquid contact and liquid flow processes.Finally,the energy generated is collected and converted to power several light-emitting diodes,demonstrating that solid‒liquid TENGs can generate effective electrical power in a flowing water environment.Through several experimental investigations,we finally determined that the flow rate of the liquid,the thickness of the friction electrode material,and the contact area have the most significant effect on the output efficiency of TENGs in the form of flowing water,which provides a guide for improving their performance in the future.
基金Project supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10735090)the Young Scientist Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11005151)
文摘Polytetrafluoroethylene films are treated by room temperature helium atmospheric pressure plasma plumes, which are generated with a home-made single liquid electrode plasma device. After plasma treatment, the water contact angle of polytetrafiuoroethylene fihn drops from 114° to 46° and the surface free energy increases from 22.0 mJ/m2 to 59.1 mJ/m2. The optical emission spectrum indicates that there are reactive species such as O2＋, O and He in the plasma plume. After plasma treatment, a highly crosslinking structure is formed on the fihn surface and the oxygen element is incorporated into the film surface in the forms of C O-C-, -C=O, and O C=O groups. Over a period of 10 days, the contact angle of the treated film is recovered by only about 10°, which indicates that the plasma surface modification is stable with time.
基金supported by International Cooperation Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.52261135542(to J.Z.)National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.52305074(to W.T.)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.LD22E050002(to J.Z.)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents under grant no.BX20220267(to W.T.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant no.2023M733066(to W.T.).
文摘One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as a single electrode and examine the scenario where a positive voltage is applied.Because of electrostatic induction phenomenon,single-electrode electrostatics only generates electrostatic attraction forces.Here,we discover that single-electrode electrostatics can generate electrostatic repulsion forces and define this new phenomenon as single-electrode electrostatic repulsion phenomenon.We investigate the fundamental electrostatic phenomena,giving a curve of electrostatic force versus voltage and then defining 3 regions.Remote actuation and manipulation are essential technologies that are of enormous concern,with tweezers playing an important role.Various tweezers designed on the basis of external fields of optics,acoustics,and magnetism can be used for remote actuation and manipulation,but some inherent drawbacks still exist.Tweezers would benefit greatly from our discovery in electrostatics.On the basis of this discovery,we propose the concept of electrostatic tweezers,which can achieve noncontact and remote actuation and manipulation.Experimental characterizations and successful applications in metamaterials,robots,and manipulating objects demonstrated that electrostatic tweezers can produce large deformation rates(>6,000%),fast actuation(>100 Hz),and remote manipulating distance(~15 cm)and have the advantages of simple device structure,easy control,lightweight,no dielectric breakdown,and low cost.Our work may deepen people's understanding of single-electrode electrostatics and opens new opportunities for remote actuation and manipulation.
文摘In this article, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes of zinc polycrystal, Zn（002） and Zn（100） single crystals were studied by the Tafel line extrapolation of the potentio-dynamic polarization curves, the cyclic voltammetry and the charge/discharge experiment. The results shows that in 6.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution the corrosion rate of Zn polycrystal, Zn（100） and Zn（002） single crystals decreases in turn; and the reversibility and the charge/discharge performance of Zn single crystal was superior to Zn polycrystal. The dendrite growth of the surface of Zn polycrvstal was easier than Zn single crystal during the stages of charge/discharge.
文摘Variable temperature in situ FTIR spectroscopy has been used as the primary tool to investigate the effects of temperature(10 to 50 ℃) on formaldehyde dissociative adsorption and electro oxidation on the Ru(0001) electrode in perchloric acid solution, and the results were interpreted in terms of the surface chemistry of the Ru(0001) electrode and compared to those obtained during our previous studies on the adsorption of CO under the same conditions. It was found that formaldehyde did undergo dissociative adsorption, even at -200 mV vs . Ag/AgCl, to form linear(CO L) and 3 fold hollow(CO H) binding CO adsorbates. In contrast to the adsorption of CO, it was found that increasing the temperature to 50 ℃ markedly increased the amount of CO adsorbates formed on the Ru(0001) surface from the adsorption of formaldehyde. On increasing the potential, the electro oxidation of the CO adsorbates to CO 2 took place via reaction with the active (1×1) O oxide. A significant increase in the surface reactivity was observed on the RuO 2(100) phase formed at higher potentials. Formic acid was detected as a partial oxidation product during formaldehyde electro oxidation. The data obtained at 50 ℃ are markedly different from those collected at 10 and 25 ℃ in terms of the amount of both CO 2 and formic acid formed and the adsorbed CO L and CO H species observed. These results were rationalized by the thermal effects on both the loosening of the CO adlayer and the activation of surface oxide on increasing the temperature.
文摘This paper presented 51 cases of intractable epilepsy, of which 36 were males, and 15 females,with a mean age of 21. They were all verified through CT/MRI, among which 17 were proved to have lesions on the brain, and 34 to bave no lesion. Before operation all the patients were identified by SPECT and cerebral blood flow imaging (CBF). During the operation they were monitored under subdural strip electrode ECoG for the localization of corticoepileptogenic focus. The results showed that the sensitivity rate of localization with SPECT for corticoepileptogenic focus location was 97.87 %.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51675069 and 51775070)the Natural Science Foundation of Innovative Research Groups(No cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0005)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018CDQYGD0020 and cqu2018CDHB1A05)the Scientific And Technological Research Program Of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ1703047)the Natural Science Foundation Projects of Chongqing(Nos.cstc2017shmsA40018 and cstc2018jcyjAX0076).
文摘Triboelectric interfaces have already been extensively researched in the area of human–machine interaction owing to their selfsustainability,low cost,easy manufacturing,and diverse configurations.However,some limitations(e.g.,a large number of electrodes,multiple lines,and chunks)observed in previous works hinder the further development of human–machine interaction applications.Herein,a triboelectric encoding interface is proposed by designing the reverse polarity of the tribo-layers to encode the triboelectric output signals.Owing to the inversion of the tribo-layers and the number of strip electrodes,this encoding method can realize multipurpose interactive commands by using fewer electrodes and a simple structure only in one macroscopic triboelectric device,which greatly reduces the size of the device as well as the influence of external factors on the coded signal output.As a demonstration,a ring with the patterned triboelectric interface(15 mm×20 mm)achieves slide presentation and remote electric device control.In addition,the triboelectric sensor has good sensitivity(1.55 V/N)and durability(>30,000 cycles).This new encoding mode shows the high applicability of the operation mode in diversified interactive applications,which provides more design strategies for intelligent control.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20673091,20433060 and 20373059)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project of China(Grant No.2002CB211804)
文摘Surface processes of CO_(2)reduction on Pt(210),Pt(310),and Pt(510)electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.Different surface structures of these platinum single crystal electrodes were obtained by various treatment conditions.The experimental results illustrated that the electrocatalytic activity of Pt single crystal electrodes towards CO_(2)reduction is decreased in an order of Pt(210)>Pt(310)>Pt(510),i.e.,with the decrease of(110)step density on well-defined surfaces.When the surfaces were reconstructed due to oxygen adsorption,the catalytic activity of all the three electrodes has been enhanced to a cer-tain extent.Although the activity order remains unchanged,the electrocatalytic activity has been en-hanced more significantly as the density of(110)step sites is more intensive on the Pt single crystal surface.It has revealed that the more open the surface structure is,the more active the Pt single crystal electrode will be,and the easier for the electrode to be transformed into a surface structure that exhib-its higher activity under external inductions.However,the relatively ordered surfaces of Pt single crystal electrode are comparatively stable under the same external inductions.The present study has gained knowledge on the interaction between CO_(2)and Pt single crystal electrode surfaces at a micro-scopic level,and thrown new insight into understanding the surface processes of electrocatalytic re-duction of CO_(2).
