The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets ...The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates, the single camera′s orientation and location can be calculated. After orientation, the global coordinate system is obtained. During measurement, the camera is fixed firstly, then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly. The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor. Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets, the feature point can be measured. Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1 mm.展开更多
Multicolor imaging has been widely applied across various biological and medical applications,especially essential for probing diverse biological structures.However,existing multicolor imaging methods often sacrifice ...Multicolor imaging has been widely applied across various biological and medical applications,especially essential for probing diverse biological structures.However,existing multicolor imaging methods often sacrifice either simultaneity or speed,posing a challenge for simultaneous imaging of over three fluorophores.Here,we proposed off-axis spectral encoding multicolor microscopy(OSEM)with a single camera that simultaneously captures encoded multicolor signals and reconstructs monochromatic images by decoding.Based on the natural intensity modulation difference of a single illumination spot across off-axis detection positions,we adjusted the multicolor excitation beams with distinct off-axis offsets from the same detection position to achieve spectral encoding.The method achieved multicolor simultaneous imaging in a single camera without extra sacrifice of frame rate.We evaluated OSEM's imaging performance by imaging multicolor synthetic samples and fluorescent microbeads.We also demonstrated that OSEM reduced imaging time by 5.8 times and achieved 99%accuracy in classifying and counting multicolor fluorescent bacteria,outperforming sequential imaging.We obtained four-color fluorescent optical-sectioning images of a mouse brain slice at a speed of 2.85 mm^(2)∕s,demonstrating its effectiveness for high-throughput multicolor imaging of large tissue samples.These results indicate that OSEM offers a reliable and efficient tool for multicolor fluorescent imaging of large biological tissues.展开更多
A novel single color camera trichromatic mask 3D-PIV technique suitable for measurement of complex flow fields in confined spaces is presented in this paper.By using a trichromatic mask to modulate the imaging optical...A novel single color camera trichromatic mask 3D-PIV technique suitable for measurement of complex flow fields in confined spaces is presented in this paper.By using a trichromatic mask to modulate the imaging optical path of a color camera,the RGB(Red,Green,and Blue)channels of the photosensitive chip were used to record full-frame full-resolution images of tracer particles from three viewing angles.The MLOS-SMART particle reconstruction algorithm was used to obtain three-dimensional particle distribution matrix from particle trichromatic mask images.The impact of parameters such as the inter-hole spacing and hole diameter of the trichromatic mask on the quality of particle reconstruction was analyzed.Through numerical simulation experiments on artificially synthesized three-dimensional flow fields of Gaussian vortex rings,the practicality of this technique in measuring three-dimensional transient velocity fields and the accuracy of velocity measurements were examined.The accuracy and feasibility of the technique are illustrated based on experimental measurements of a zero-net-mass-flux jet.展开更多
A novel virtual four-ocular stereo measurement system based on single high speed camera is proposed for measuring double beating wings of a high speed flapping insect. The principle of virtual monocular system consist...A novel virtual four-ocular stereo measurement system based on single high speed camera is proposed for measuring double beating wings of a high speed flapping insect. The principle of virtual monocular system consisting of a few planar mirrors and a single high speed camera is introduced. The stereo vision measurement principle based on optic triangulation is explained. The wing kinematics parameters are measured. Results show that this virtual stereo system not only decreases system cost extremely but also is effective to insect motion measurement.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to establish and validate a portable device for the local three dimensional deformation measurements using a single camera combined with a triangular prism mirror and two mirrors. The mirrors ...The aim of this paper is to establish and validate a portable device for the local three dimensional deformation measurements using a single camera combined with a triangular prism mirror and two mirrors. The mirrors were utilized to convert a single camera into a stereo image system, which views a test object from two different directions and records the surface images of the test specimen on the two halves of the camera sensor in order to achieve a three-dimensional measurement. The proposed system consists of a single camera and the reflection system was integrated into a portable device to achieve a truly portable, low-cost, local three-dimensional deformation measurement, one-time calibration and easy implementation in situ. The optical design and measurement procedures to obtain the three-dimensional （3D） deformation measurements of the proposed system were described in detail. The efficiency and precision of the proposed system were verified by measuring the displacements of a translated fiat plate. As a practical application, the proposed system is used to measure the out-of-plane displacement of an aluminum circular plate with a central load. Moreover, the normal strain measurement of a plastic beam under symmetric four-point bending via an outer loading frame was also presented. The measurement results are in good accordance with the data obtained by strain gauges. The experimental results revealed that the proposed system was practicable and effective for the local three-dimensional deformation measurement. This system well-suited to both laboratory and field condition and will have significant application in the fields of engineering.展开更多
A novel 3 D digital image correlation(DIC) system based on a single three charge-couple device(3 CCD) color camera is proposed in this paper. Images from three different perspectives are captured by a 3 CCD camera usi...A novel 3 D digital image correlation(DIC) system based on a single three charge-couple device(3 CCD) color camera is proposed in this paper. Images from three different perspectives are captured by a 3 CCD camera using a reflective-based pseudo-vision system. These images are then separated by the different CCD channels, and the correlation algorithm for the multi-camera DIC system is adopted to evaluate the images. Compared to the conventional multi-camera DIC system, the proposed system is much more compact. In addition, the proposed system has no loss of spatial resolution, compares to the traditional single camera DIC system. The complex surface measurement ability and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved through the use of the multi-camera DIC algorithm. The principle of the proposed system is described in detail as well as the experimental setup. A series of validation tests are performed, and the results are verified with the commercial 3 D-DIC system.展开更多
According to the operational conditions of an aviation module reticule,a measurement mode is proposed,which is based on an industrial photogrammetry system,with matching by a measuring pen.Meanwhile,the factors affect...According to the operational conditions of an aviation module reticule,a measurement mode is proposed,which is based on an industrial photogrammetry system,with matching by a measuring pen.Meanwhile,the factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement have been analyzed and verified by examples.The analysis is described as follows:①Along the optical axis of the camera,the error is larger than the ones in other directions using the“single camera+measuring pen”mode;②By avoiding the error along the optical axis of the camera,the accuracy of the“single camera+measuring pen”mode is better than 0.1 mm when the measuring pen is moving parallel to the optical axis.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper looks to examine notable inconsistencies in language and practice between production practices in film, television, Internet and related production models. The disconnect between actual ...The main purpose of this paper looks to examine notable inconsistencies in language and practice between production practices in film, television, Internet and related production models. The disconnect between actual production practices and how they are describedis notably affected by advances in technology. Furthermore, practitioners insider language usage, and a lack of understanding between process verses exhibition contributes to the divide within theory and practice of these models. By inspecting how traditional entertainment content is physically produced, making comparisons with the most common production models, the realms of production practices and terminology bring clarity and consistency. The language distinction illuminates any production process and is certainly critical for the producer responsible for putting together an experienced crew to shoot the project and vice versa concerning anyone looking for a job in those communities. Content creation for public consumption is expensive to produce, thus requires experienced people who must perform specific tasks on time and on budget, achieving entertainment goals and bringing in a profitable return. Understanding this information about production models is vital to the student or anyone preparing to be a part of the entertainment community.展开更多
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United State and surgery remains the primary treatment for most solid mass tumors. However, accurately identifying tumor margins in real-time remains a challenge. In ...Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United State and surgery remains the primary treatment for most solid mass tumors. However, accurately identifying tumor margins in real-time remains a challenge. In this study, the design and testing of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system based on a single-pixel camera engine is discussed. The primary advantage of a single pixel architecture over traditional scanning HSI techniques is its high sensitivity and potential to function at low light levels. The objective for the imaging system described here is to detect changes in the reflectance spectra of tissue and to use these differences to delineate tumor margins. This paper presents the results of a 19-patient pilot study that assesses the ability of the HSI system to use reflectance imaging to delineate adenocarcinoma tumor margins in human pancreatic tissue imaged<em> ex vivo</em>. Pancreatic tissue excised during pancreatectomy was imaged immediately after being sent to the pathology lab. A pathologist sectioned the tissue and placed samples into standard tissue embedding cassettes. These tissue samples were then imaged using the HSI system. After imaging, the samples were returned to the pathologist for processing and analysis. The HSI was later compared to the histological analysis. The spectral angle mapping (SAM) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were used to classify pixels in the HSI images as healthy or unhealthy in order to delineate margins. Good agreement between margins determined via HSI (using both SAM and SVM) and histology/white light imaging was found.展开更多
文摘The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates, the single camera′s orientation and location can be calculated. After orientation, the global coordinate system is obtained. During measurement, the camera is fixed firstly, then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly. The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor. Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets, the feature point can be measured. Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1 mm.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325502,81827901)。
文摘Multicolor imaging has been widely applied across various biological and medical applications,especially essential for probing diverse biological structures.However,existing multicolor imaging methods often sacrifice either simultaneity or speed,posing a challenge for simultaneous imaging of over three fluorophores.Here,we proposed off-axis spectral encoding multicolor microscopy(OSEM)with a single camera that simultaneously captures encoded multicolor signals and reconstructs monochromatic images by decoding.Based on the natural intensity modulation difference of a single illumination spot across off-axis detection positions,we adjusted the multicolor excitation beams with distinct off-axis offsets from the same detection position to achieve spectral encoding.The method achieved multicolor simultaneous imaging in a single camera without extra sacrifice of frame rate.We evaluated OSEM's imaging performance by imaging multicolor synthetic samples and fluorescent microbeads.We also demonstrated that OSEM reduced imaging time by 5.8 times and achieved 99%accuracy in classifying and counting multicolor fluorescent bacteria,outperforming sequential imaging.We obtained four-color fluorescent optical-sectioning images of a mouse brain slice at a speed of 2.85 mm^(2)∕s,demonstrating its effectiveness for high-throughput multicolor imaging of large tissue samples.These results indicate that OSEM offers a reliable and efficient tool for multicolor fluorescent imaging of large biological tissues.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102284,12172242,12332017)the Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths,China(No.20210302124262)the Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China(No.202200257)。
文摘A novel single color camera trichromatic mask 3D-PIV technique suitable for measurement of complex flow fields in confined spaces is presented in this paper.By using a trichromatic mask to modulate the imaging optical path of a color camera,the RGB(Red,Green,and Blue)channels of the photosensitive chip were used to record full-frame full-resolution images of tracer particles from three viewing angles.The MLOS-SMART particle reconstruction algorithm was used to obtain three-dimensional particle distribution matrix from particle trichromatic mask images.The impact of parameters such as the inter-hole spacing and hole diameter of the trichromatic mask on the quality of particle reconstruction was analyzed.Through numerical simulation experiments on artificially synthesized three-dimensional flow fields of Gaussian vortex rings,the practicality of this technique in measuring three-dimensional transient velocity fields and the accuracy of velocity measurements were examined.The accuracy and feasibility of the technique are illustrated based on experimental measurements of a zero-net-mass-flux jet.
基金The work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China under Grant No. 50125518.
文摘A novel virtual four-ocular stereo measurement system based on single high speed camera is proposed for measuring double beating wings of a high speed flapping insect. The principle of virtual monocular system consisting of a few planar mirrors and a single high speed camera is introduced. The stereo vision measurement principle based on optic triangulation is explained. The wing kinematics parameters are measured. Results show that this virtual stereo system not only decreases system cost extremely but also is effective to insect motion measurement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11272089&11532005)Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(YBJJ1553)
文摘The aim of this paper is to establish and validate a portable device for the local three dimensional deformation measurements using a single camera combined with a triangular prism mirror and two mirrors. The mirrors were utilized to convert a single camera into a stereo image system, which views a test object from two different directions and records the surface images of the test specimen on the two halves of the camera sensor in order to achieve a three-dimensional measurement. The proposed system consists of a single camera and the reflection system was integrated into a portable device to achieve a truly portable, low-cost, local three-dimensional deformation measurement, one-time calibration and easy implementation in situ. The optical design and measurement procedures to obtain the three-dimensional （3D） deformation measurements of the proposed system were described in detail. The efficiency and precision of the proposed system were verified by measuring the displacements of a translated fiat plate. As a practical application, the proposed system is used to measure the out-of-plane displacement of an aluminum circular plate with a central load. Moreover, the normal strain measurement of a plastic beam under symmetric four-point bending via an outer loading frame was also presented. The measurement results are in good accordance with the data obtained by strain gauges. The experimental results revealed that the proposed system was practicable and effective for the local three-dimensional deformation measurement. This system well-suited to both laboratory and field condition and will have significant application in the fields of engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51375136&11672045)
文摘A novel 3 D digital image correlation(DIC) system based on a single three charge-couple device(3 CCD) color camera is proposed in this paper. Images from three different perspectives are captured by a 3 CCD camera using a reflective-based pseudo-vision system. These images are then separated by the different CCD channels, and the correlation algorithm for the multi-camera DIC system is adopted to evaluate the images. Compared to the conventional multi-camera DIC system, the proposed system is much more compact. In addition, the proposed system has no loss of spatial resolution, compares to the traditional single camera DIC system. The complex surface measurement ability and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved through the use of the multi-camera DIC algorithm. The principle of the proposed system is described in detail as well as the experimental setup. A series of validation tests are performed, and the results are verified with the commercial 3 D-DIC system.
文摘According to the operational conditions of an aviation module reticule,a measurement mode is proposed,which is based on an industrial photogrammetry system,with matching by a measuring pen.Meanwhile,the factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement have been analyzed and verified by examples.The analysis is described as follows:①Along the optical axis of the camera,the error is larger than the ones in other directions using the“single camera+measuring pen”mode;②By avoiding the error along the optical axis of the camera,the accuracy of the“single camera+measuring pen”mode is better than 0.1 mm when the measuring pen is moving parallel to the optical axis.
文摘The main purpose of this paper looks to examine notable inconsistencies in language and practice between production practices in film, television, Internet and related production models. The disconnect between actual production practices and how they are describedis notably affected by advances in technology. Furthermore, practitioners insider language usage, and a lack of understanding between process verses exhibition contributes to the divide within theory and practice of these models. By inspecting how traditional entertainment content is physically produced, making comparisons with the most common production models, the realms of production practices and terminology bring clarity and consistency. The language distinction illuminates any production process and is certainly critical for the producer responsible for putting together an experienced crew to shoot the project and vice versa concerning anyone looking for a job in those communities. Content creation for public consumption is expensive to produce, thus requires experienced people who must perform specific tasks on time and on budget, achieving entertainment goals and bringing in a profitable return. Understanding this information about production models is vital to the student or anyone preparing to be a part of the entertainment community.
文摘Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United State and surgery remains the primary treatment for most solid mass tumors. However, accurately identifying tumor margins in real-time remains a challenge. In this study, the design and testing of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system based on a single-pixel camera engine is discussed. The primary advantage of a single pixel architecture over traditional scanning HSI techniques is its high sensitivity and potential to function at low light levels. The objective for the imaging system described here is to detect changes in the reflectance spectra of tissue and to use these differences to delineate tumor margins. This paper presents the results of a 19-patient pilot study that assesses the ability of the HSI system to use reflectance imaging to delineate adenocarcinoma tumor margins in human pancreatic tissue imaged<em> ex vivo</em>. Pancreatic tissue excised during pancreatectomy was imaged immediately after being sent to the pathology lab. A pathologist sectioned the tissue and placed samples into standard tissue embedding cassettes. These tissue samples were then imaged using the HSI system. After imaging, the samples were returned to the pathologist for processing and analysis. The HSI was later compared to the histological analysis. The spectral angle mapping (SAM) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were used to classify pixels in the HSI images as healthy or unhealthy in order to delineate margins. Good agreement between margins determined via HSI (using both SAM and SVM) and histology/white light imaging was found.
