The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)into semiconductors can effectively optimize their electronic configuration and enhance their photocatalytic properties.Therefore,it is crucial to clarify the corresponding p...The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)into semiconductors can effectively optimize their electronic configuration and enhance their photocatalytic properties.Therefore,it is crucial to clarify the corresponding principles and photocatalytic mechanisms for efficient and sustainable photocatalytic water remediation systems.Herein,a promising Fe single-atom photocatalyst(Fe_(SA)-CN)is obtained by anchoring Fe SAs in graphitic carbon nitride using a simple calcination strategy.Characterization and experimental results indicate that the modification of Fe SAs not only introduces a doping energy level,but also changes the valence band position,which expands the light absorption range,enhances the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons,and improves the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.Subsequently,contaminants adsorbed on the FeSA-CN surface trigger their oxidation removal by h^(+),and the H_(2)O_(2)generated via two-electron direct reductions is converted in situ into OH by self-Fenton reaction for the synergistic contaminant degradation.In summary,FeSA-CN offers a promising pathway for single-atom photocatalysts in water remediation because of outstanding contamination removal efficiency,adaptability,and stability.展开更多
The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)are effective approaches to mod-ify electronic configuration of semiconductors,whereas recognizing the synergistic effects of metal SAs and NPs are stil...The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)are effective approaches to mod-ify electronic configuration of semiconductors,whereas recognizing the synergistic effects of metal SAs and NPs are still challenging in photocatalytic water purification.Herein,a general strategy is achieved by subsequentially anchoring Fe SAs and Fe NPs in graphitic carbon nitride.The modification of Fe SAs and Fe NPs improves the energy band structure and constructs a gradient charge polarization,directly expanding the optical absorption range and facilitating the efficient separation and transfer of charge car-riers.With the assistance of the gradient charge polarization,pollutants are readily oxidated by h+,which strengthens the continuous reduction of O2 on Fe NPs for pollutant oxidation in water.This work rein-forces the synergistic effect of SAs and NPs on electronic configuration modulation at the atomic level,which exhibits great potential for the construction of an efficient and sustainable water purification sys-tem.展开更多
The photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol using molecule oxygen directly is an attractive catalytic reaction,but designing catalysts to avoid over-oxidation remains a significant challenge.Herein,Cu single-a...The photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol using molecule oxygen directly is an attractive catalytic reaction,but designing catalysts to avoid over-oxidation remains a significant challenge.Herein,Cu single-atom anchored on the defective carbon nitride structure(Cu SA/Def-CN)is designed for selective photocatalytic oxidation of methane into methanol using O_(2) under mild conditions.The Cu SA/Def-CN catalyst exhibits a high methanol selectivity of 92.8%under optimized conditions.Mechanistic studies reveal a synergistic effect between Def-CN and Cu SA,where Def-CN is responsible for the in-situ generation of hydrogen peroxide,which is subsequently decomposed by the Cu SA sites to produce·OH radicals that play a key role in the rate-determining step of methane activation to form methanol.Additionally,the presence of Cu SA not only enhances the electron-hole separation efficiency and improves the transfer of the photo-generated charges,but also increases the number of active sites for methane adsorption and activation.These insights provide valuable guidance for designing efficient catalysts for the highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol.展开更多
Platinum-based(Pt)catalysts are notoriously susceptible to deactivation in industrial chemical processes due to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Overcoming this poisoning deactivation of Pt-based catalysts while enhancing...Platinum-based(Pt)catalysts are notoriously susceptible to deactivation in industrial chemical processes due to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Overcoming this poisoning deactivation of Pt-based catalysts while enhancing their catalytic activity,selectivity,and durability remains a major challenge.Herein,we propose a strategy to enhance the CO tolerance of Pt clusters(Pt_n)by introducing neighboring functionalized vip single atoms(such as Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Sb,and Bi).Among them,antimony(Sb)single atoms(SAs)exhibit significant performance enhancement,achieving 99%CO selectivity and 33.6%CO_(2)conversion at 450℃,Experimental results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate the optimization arises from the electronic interaction between neighboring functionalized Sb SAs and Pt clusters,leading to optimal 5d electron redistribution in Pt clusters compared to other functionalized vip single atoms.The redistribution of 5d electrons weaken both theσdonation andπbackdonation interactions,resulting in a weakened bond strength with CO and enhancing catalyst activity and selectivity.In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy(ETEM)further demonstrates the exception thermal stability of the catalyst,even under H_(2)at 700℃.Notably,the functionalized Sb SAs also improve CO tolerance in various heterogenous catalysts,including Co/CeO_(2),Ni/CeO_(2),Pt/Al_(2)O_(3),and Pt/CeO_(2)-C.This finding provides an effective approach to overcome the primary challenge of CO poisoning in Pt-based catalysts,making their broader applications in various industrial catalysts.展开更多
The employment of single atom catalysts(SACs)remarkably increases atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency in various electrochemical processes,especially when coupled with metal clusters/nanoparticles.However,the ...The employment of single atom catalysts(SACs)remarkably increases atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency in various electrochemical processes,especially when coupled with metal clusters/nanoparticles.However,the synergistic effects mainly focus on the energetics of key intermediates during the electrocatalysis,while the properties of electrode surface and electric-double-layer(EDL)structure are largely overlooked.Herein,we report the synthesis of Ru nanoparticles integrated with neighboring Ru single atoms on nitrogen doped carbon(Ru1,n/NC)as efficient catalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)under alkaline electrolytes.Electrochemical data,in situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy,and density functional theory calculations reveal that the positively charged Ru single atoms could lead to the dynamically regulated proportion of strongly hydrogen-bonded interfacial water structure with O-down conformation and optimized connectivity of the hydrogen-bond network in the EDL region,which contribute to the accelerated diffusion of hydroxide ions to the electrified interfaces.Consequently,the obtained Ru1,n/NC catalyst displays remarkable HOR performance with the mass activity of 1.15 mAμgPGM^(-1) under alkaline electrolyte.This work demonstrates the promise of single atoms for interfacial water environment adjustment and mass transfer process modulation,providing new insights into rational design of highly-effective SAC-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolu...Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti^(3+)states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti^(3+),appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec^(-1) of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s^(-1) at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.展开更多
Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrog...Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion.Here,we demonstrate a g-C_(3)N_(4)-based(UCN)catalyst with dispersed Ag single atoms(Ag SAs)and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)for synergistically broad-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that both Ag SAs and Ag NPs serve as active sites,with the Schottky junction between Ag NPs and g-C_(3)N_(4)effectively promoting charge separation,while Ag NPs induce localized surface plasmon resonance,extending the light response range from visible to near-infrared regions.The optimized catalyst Ag-UCN-3 exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate as high as 22.11 mmol/g/h and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 10.16%under 420 nm light illumination.Notably,it still had a high hydrogen evolution rate of 633.57μmol/g/h under 700 nm irradiation.This work unveils dual active sites engineering strategy that couples Ag SAs and Ag NPs with plasma and hot electrons,offering a new strategy for designing high-performance solar-driven energy systems.展开更多
Concurrent activation of lattice oxygen(O_L)and molecular oxygen(O_(2))is crucial for the efficient catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived molecules over metal oxides.Herein,we report that the introduction of ultralow...Concurrent activation of lattice oxygen(O_L)and molecular oxygen(O_(2))is crucial for the efficient catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived molecules over metal oxides.Herein,we report that the introduction of ultralow-loading of Ru single atoms(0.42 wt%)into Mn_(2)O_(3)matrix(0.4%Ru-Mn_(2)O_(3))greatly boosts its catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).The FDCA productivity over the 0.4%Ru-Mn_(2)O_(3)(5.4 mmol_(FDCA)g_(cat)h^(-1))is 4.9 times higher than the Mn_(2)O_(3).Especially,this FDCAproductivity is also significantly higher than that of existing Ru and Mn-based catalysts.Experimental and theoretical investigations discovered that the Ru single atom facilitated the formation of oxygen vacancy(O_(v))in the catalyst,which synergistically weakened the Mn-O bond and promoted the activation of O_L.The co-presence of Ru single atoms and O_(v)also promote the adsorption and activation of both O_(2)and HMF.Consequently,the dehydrogenation reaction energy barrier of the rate-determining step was reduced via both the O_L and chemisorbed O_(2)dehydrogenation pathways,thus boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions.展开更多
The synergy of single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR);however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportio...The synergy of single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR);however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst design.Herein,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly(ionic liquids)(PIL)precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing temperature.The catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into CO.Operando Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and NPs.The charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active sites.In the electroreduction of CO_(2),the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO_(2)activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO_(2)→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.展开更多
Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))from H_(2)O and O_(2)is considered to be a promising approach.However,limited to the rapid recombination of photo-generated carriers and sluggish kinetics of O_(2)re-duct...Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))from H_(2)O and O_(2)is considered to be a promising approach.However,limited to the rapid recombination of photo-generated carriers and sluggish kinetics of O_(2)re-duction to H_(2)O_(2),it is a challenge for polymeric photocatalysts to achieve efficient photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.Herein,Ag single atoms and nitrogen defects decorated carbon nitride(Ag@MCT)are con-structed through self-assembly and pyrolysis methods.The optimized photocatalyst displays exceptional performance in pure water,with an H_(2)O_(2) production rate of as high as 528.4μmol g^(-1) h^(-1) and an apparent quantum yield for H_(2)O_(2)production of 4.5%at 420 nm.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Ag atomic sites act as electron mediators that promote the capture and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers,while nitrogen defects as electron collectors and reaction sites to enhance the adsorption and activation of O_(2),accelerating reduction kinetics from O_(2) to H_(2)O_(2).This work presents a re-liable strategy to design excellent photocatalysts by rationally modulating electronic structures and active sites for accelerating photo-generated charge carriers transfer and surface reaction kinetics.展开更多
Plastics are ubiquitous in human life and pose certain hazards to the environment and human body.The increasing amount of CO_(2)in the atmosphere will lead to the greenhouse effect.Therefore,it is urgent to treat micr...Plastics are ubiquitous in human life and pose certain hazards to the environment and human body.The increasing amount of CO_(2)in the atmosphere will lead to the greenhouse effect.Therefore,it is urgent to treat microplastic waste and CO_(2)by using environmentally friendly and efficient technologies.In this work,we developed an efficient photoelectrocatalytic system composed of Ni single atoms(Ni SAs)supported by P,N-doped amorphous NiFe_(2)O_(4)(Ni SAs/A-P-N-NFO)as anode and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)supported by CuO/Cu_(2)O nanocubes(Ag NPs@CuO/Cu_(2)O NCs)as cathode for microplastic oxidation and CO_(2)reduction.The Ni SAs/A-P-N-NFO was synthesized by calcination-H_(2)reduction method,and it achieved a Faraday efficiency of 93%for the oxidation reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)solution under AM 1.5 G light.As a photocathode,the synthesized Ag NPs@CuO/Cu_(2)O NCs was utilized to reduce CO_(2)to ethylene and CO at 1.5 V vs.RHE with selectivity of 42%and 55%,respectively.This work shows that the photoelectrocatalysis,as an environmentally friendly technology,is a feasible strategy for reducing the environmental and biological hazards of light plastics,as well as for efficient CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
Based on our work on single cesium atoms trapped in a large-magnetic-gradient vapour-cell magneto-optical trap （MOT）, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is remarkably improved. Also a far-off-resonance optical dipole...Based on our work on single cesium atoms trapped in a large-magnetic-gradient vapour-cell magneto-optical trap （MOT）, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is remarkably improved. Also a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap （FORT） formed by a strongly-focused 1064 nm single frequency Nd：YVO4 laser beam is introduced. One cesium atom is prepared in the MOT, and then it can transfer successfully between the MOT and the FORT which is overlapped with the MOT. Utilizing the effective transfer, the lifetime of single atoms trapped in the FORT is measured to be 6.9± 0.3 s. Thus we provide a system where the atomic qubit can be coherently manipulated.展开更多
Pt/CeO2 catalysts with unitary Pt species,nanoparticles,clusters or single atoms,often exhibit excellent activity and unique selectivity in many catalytic reactions benefiting from their small size,abundant unsaturate...Pt/CeO2 catalysts with unitary Pt species,nanoparticles,clusters or single atoms,often exhibit excellent activity and unique selectivity in many catalytic reactions benefiting from their small size,abundant unsaturated active sites,and unique electro nic structure.In recent years,a tre mendous number of related articles have provided great inspiration to future research and development of Pt/CeO2 catalysts.In this review,the state-of-the-art evolution of Pt nanoparticles to Pt single atoms on CeO2 is reviewed with the emphasis on synthetic strategies,advanced characterization techniques(allowing one to clarify the single atoms from clusters),the catalytic applications and mechanisms from the viewpoint of theoretical calculation.Finally,the critical outlooks and the challenges faced in developing the single-atom Pt/CeO2 catalysts are highlighted.展开更多
Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-N_(xCs)) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal s...Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-N_(xCs)) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal single atoms and the dielectric loss properties of M-N_(xCs) at the atomic-level is still lacking.Herein,we report a general approach to synthesize a series of three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like M-N_xC(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,or Ni) containing metal single atoms.Experimental results indicate that 3D M-N_(xCs) exhibit a greatly enhanced dielectric loss compared with that of the NC matrix.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the density of states of the d orbitals near the Fermi level is significantly increased and additional electrical dipoles are induced due to the destruction of the symmetry of the local microstructure,which enhances conductive loss and dipolar polarization loss of 3D M-N_(xCs),respectively.Consequently,these 3D M-N_(xCs) exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,outperforming the most commonly reported absorbers.This study systematically explains the mechanism of dielectric loss at the atomic level for the first time and is of significance to the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbing materials containing metal single atoms.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as an advanced frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their potential to maximize the atomic efficiency.Herein,covalent triazine-based frameworks(CTFs)confining cobalt singl...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as an advanced frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their potential to maximize the atomic efficiency.Herein,covalent triazine-based frameworks(CTFs)confining cobalt single atoms(Co-SA/CTF)photocatalysts have been synthesized and used for efficient CO_(2) reduction and hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.The resulted Co-SA/CTF demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity,with the CO and H2 evolution rates reaching 1665.74μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and 1293.18μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),respectively,far surpassing those of Co nanoparticles anchored CTF and pure CTF.A variety of instrumental analyses collectively indicated that Co single atoms sites served as the reaction center for activating the adsorbed CO_(2) molecules,which significantly improved the CO_(2) reduction performance.Additionally,the introduction of Co single atoms could accelerate the separation/transfer of photogenerated charge carriers,thus boosting the photocatalytic performance.This study envisions a novel strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts for energy conversion and showcases the application of CTFs as attractive support for confining metal single atoms.展开更多
ABSTRACT Rationally designing broad-spectrum photocatalysts to harvest whole visible-light region photons and enhance solar energy conversion is a“holy grail”for researchers,but is still a challenging issue.Herein,b...ABSTRACT Rationally designing broad-spectrum photocatalysts to harvest whole visible-light region photons and enhance solar energy conversion is a“holy grail”for researchers,but is still a challenging issue.Herein,based on the common polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),a hybrid co-catalysts system comprising plasmonic Au nanoparticles(NPs)and atomically dispersed Pt single atoms(PtSAs)with different functions was constructed to address this challenge.For the dual co-catalysts decorated PCN(PtSAs–Au_(2.5)/PCN),the PCN is photoexcited to generate electrons under UV and short-wavelength visible light,and the synergetic Au NPs and PtSAs not only accelerate charge separation and transfer though Schottky junctions and metal-support bond but also act as the co-catalysts for H_(2) evolution.Furthermore,the Au NPs absorb long-wavelength visible light owing to its localized surface plasmon resonance,and the adjacent PtSAs trap the plasmonic hot-electrons for H_(2) evolution via direct electron transfer effect.Consequently,the PtSAs–Au_(2.5)/PCN exhibits excellent broad-spectrum photocatalytic H_(2) evolution activity with the H_(2) evolution rate of 8.8 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) at 420 nm and 264μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) at 550 nm,much higher than that of Au_(2.5)/PCN and PtSAs–PCN,respectively.This work provides a new strategy to design broad-spectrum photocatalysts for energy conversion reaction.展开更多
Single-atom(SA)catalysts with nearly 100%atom utilization have been widely employed in electrolysis for decades,due to the outperforming catalytic activity and selectivity.However,most of the reported SA catalysts are...Single-atom(SA)catalysts with nearly 100%atom utilization have been widely employed in electrolysis for decades,due to the outperforming catalytic activity and selectivity.However,most of the reported SA catalysts are fixed through the strong bonding between the dispersed single metallic atoms with nonmetallic atoms of the substrates,which greatly limits the controllable regulation of electrocatalytic activity of SA catalysts.In this work,Pt-Ni bonded Pt SA catalyst with adjustable electronic states was successfully constructed through a controllable electrochemical reduction on the coordination unsaturated amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays.Based on the X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and first-principles calculations,Pt SA was bonded with Ni sites of amorphous Ni(OH)_(2),rather than conventional O sites,resulting in negatively charged Pt^(δ-).In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the changed configuration and electronic states greatly enhanced absorbability for activated hydrogen atoms,which were the essential intermediate for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.The hydrogen spillover process was revealed from amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)that effectively cleave the H-O-H bond of H_(2)O and produce H atom to the Pt SA sites,leading to a low overpotential of 48 mV in alkaline electrolyte at-1000 mA cm^(-2)mg^(-1)_(Pt),evidently better than commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provided new strategy for the control-lable modulation of the local structure of SA catalysts and the systematic regulation of the electronic states.展开更多
Two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides have been evidenced as potential electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER);however,their application is limited by a poor oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity due to...Two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides have been evidenced as potential electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER);however,their application is limited by a poor oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity due to insufficient number/types of multi-integrated active sites.In this study,we report a novel bifunctional catalyst developed by simultaneous engineering of single nickel atoms(Ni_(SA)) and nickel phosphate clusters(Ni_(Pi)) to synergistically trigger surface-functionalized MoS_(2) nanosheets(NSs)resulting in high reactivities for both HER and OER.The Ni_(SA)-Ni_(Pi)/MoS_(2)NSs material exhibits a fairly Pt-like HER behavior with an overpotential of 94.0 mV and a small OER overpotential of 314.0 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(-2) in freshwater containing 1.0 M KOH.Experimental results of the catalyst are well supported by theoretical study,which reveals the significant modulation of electronic structure and enrichment of electroactive site number/types with their reasonably adjusted free adsorption energy.For evaluating practicability,the Ni_(SA)-Ni_(Pi)/MoS_(2)NSs-based electrolyzer delivers effective operation voltage of 1.62,1.52,and 1.66 V at 10 mA cm^(-2) and superior long-term stability as compared to Pt/C//RuO_(2) system in freshwater,mimic seawater,and natural seawater,respectively.The present study indicates that the catalyst is a promising candidate for the practical production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis.展开更多
Hydrogen storage plays a pivotal role in the hydrogen industry,yet its current status presents a bottle-neck.Diverse strategies have emerged in recent years to address this challenge.MgH_(2) has stood out as a promisi...Hydrogen storage plays a pivotal role in the hydrogen industry,yet its current status presents a bottle-neck.Diverse strategies have emerged in recent years to address this challenge.MgH_(2) has stood out as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material due to its impressive gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density,but its practical application is hampered by elevated thermal stability and sluggish kinetics.In this study,we introduce a solution by synthesizing Pd metallene through a one-pot solvothermal method,revealing a distinctive highly curved lamellar structure with a thickness of around 1.6 nm.Incorporating this Pd metallene into MgH_(2) results in a composite system wherein the starting dehydrogenation temperature is significantly lowered to 439 K and complete dehydrogenation occurs at 583 K,releasing 6.14 wt.%hydrogen.The activation energy of dehydrogenation for MgH_(2) was reduced from 170.4 kJ mol^(-1) to 79.85 kJ mol^(-1) after Pd metallene decoration.The enthalpy of dehydrogenation of the MgH_(2)-10 wt.%Pd sample was calculated to be 73 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)^(-1) and decreased by 4.4 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)^(-1) from that of dehydrogenation of pure MgH_(2)(77.4 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)-1).Theoretical calculations show that the average formation energy and average adsorption energy of hydrogen vacancies can be significantly reduced in the presence of both Pd clusters and Pd single atoms on the surface of MgH_(2)/Mg,respectively.It suggests that the synergistic effect of in situ formed Pd single atoms and clusters significantly improves the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics.The identified active sites in this study hold potential as references for forthcoming multi-sized active site catalysts,underscoring a significant advancement toward resolving hydrogen storage limitations.展开更多
Combining single atoms with clusters or nanoparticles is an emerging tactic to design efficient electrocatalysts.Both synergy effect and high atomic utilization of active sites in the composite catalysts result in enh...Combining single atoms with clusters or nanoparticles is an emerging tactic to design efficient electrocatalysts.Both synergy effect and high atomic utilization of active sites in the composite catalysts result in enhanced electrocatalytic performance,simultaneously provide a radical analysis of the interrelationship between structure and activity.In this review,the recent advances of single-atomic site catalysts coupled with clusters or nanoparticles are emphasized.Firstly,the synthetic strategies,characterization,dynamics and types of single atoms coupled with clusters/nanoparticles are introduced,and then the key factors controlling the structure of the composite catalysts are discussed.Next,several clean energy catalytic reactions performed over the synergistic composite catalysts are illustrated.Eventually,the encountering challenges and recommendations for the future advancement of synergistic structure in energy-transformation electrocatalysis are outlined.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100032 and 52350005)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.2024A04J3679 and 2024A03J0088)+2 种基金the Introduced Innovative Research and Development Team Project under the“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”of Guangdong Province(No.2019ZT08L387)the Opening Project of Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Intensification,North University of China(No.2023-HOCE10)the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202211078135)
文摘The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)into semiconductors can effectively optimize their electronic configuration and enhance their photocatalytic properties.Therefore,it is crucial to clarify the corresponding principles and photocatalytic mechanisms for efficient and sustainable photocatalytic water remediation systems.Herein,a promising Fe single-atom photocatalyst(Fe_(SA)-CN)is obtained by anchoring Fe SAs in graphitic carbon nitride using a simple calcination strategy.Characterization and experimental results indicate that the modification of Fe SAs not only introduces a doping energy level,but also changes the valence band position,which expands the light absorption range,enhances the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons,and improves the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.Subsequently,contaminants adsorbed on the FeSA-CN surface trigger their oxidation removal by h^(+),and the H_(2)O_(2)generated via two-electron direct reductions is converted in situ into OH by self-Fenton reaction for the synergistic contaminant degradation.In summary,FeSA-CN offers a promising pathway for single-atom photocatalysts in water remediation because of outstanding contamination removal efficiency,adaptability,and stability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100032 and 52350005)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.2024A04J3679, 2024A03J0088)+2 种基金the Introduced Innovative Research and Development Team Project under the“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”of Guangdong Province(No.2019ZT08L387)the Special Basic Research Fund for Central Public Research Institutes of China(No.PMzx703-202204-152)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology(No.2023B1212060016).
文摘The introduction of metal single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)are effective approaches to mod-ify electronic configuration of semiconductors,whereas recognizing the synergistic effects of metal SAs and NPs are still challenging in photocatalytic water purification.Herein,a general strategy is achieved by subsequentially anchoring Fe SAs and Fe NPs in graphitic carbon nitride.The modification of Fe SAs and Fe NPs improves the energy band structure and constructs a gradient charge polarization,directly expanding the optical absorption range and facilitating the efficient separation and transfer of charge car-riers.With the assistance of the gradient charge polarization,pollutants are readily oxidated by h+,which strengthens the continuous reduction of O2 on Fe NPs for pollutant oxidation in water.This work rein-forces the synergistic effect of SAs and NPs on electronic configuration modulation at the atomic level,which exhibits great potential for the construction of an efficient and sustainable water purification sys-tem.
文摘The photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol using molecule oxygen directly is an attractive catalytic reaction,but designing catalysts to avoid over-oxidation remains a significant challenge.Herein,Cu single-atom anchored on the defective carbon nitride structure(Cu SA/Def-CN)is designed for selective photocatalytic oxidation of methane into methanol using O_(2) under mild conditions.The Cu SA/Def-CN catalyst exhibits a high methanol selectivity of 92.8%under optimized conditions.Mechanistic studies reveal a synergistic effect between Def-CN and Cu SA,where Def-CN is responsible for the in-situ generation of hydrogen peroxide,which is subsequently decomposed by the Cu SA sites to produce·OH radicals that play a key role in the rate-determining step of methane activation to form methanol.Additionally,the presence of Cu SA not only enhances the electron-hole separation efficiency and improves the transfer of the photo-generated charges,but also increases the number of active sites for methane adsorption and activation.These insights provide valuable guidance for designing efficient catalysts for the highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol.
基金financially supported by the Shanghai RisingStar Program(No.23QA1403700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.U2230102)+1 种基金the sponsored by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3502200)the Shanghai Technical Service Center of Science and Engineering Computing,Shanghai University.
文摘Platinum-based(Pt)catalysts are notoriously susceptible to deactivation in industrial chemical processes due to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Overcoming this poisoning deactivation of Pt-based catalysts while enhancing their catalytic activity,selectivity,and durability remains a major challenge.Herein,we propose a strategy to enhance the CO tolerance of Pt clusters(Pt_n)by introducing neighboring functionalized vip single atoms(such as Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Sb,and Bi).Among them,antimony(Sb)single atoms(SAs)exhibit significant performance enhancement,achieving 99%CO selectivity and 33.6%CO_(2)conversion at 450℃,Experimental results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate the optimization arises from the electronic interaction between neighboring functionalized Sb SAs and Pt clusters,leading to optimal 5d electron redistribution in Pt clusters compared to other functionalized vip single atoms.The redistribution of 5d electrons weaken both theσdonation andπbackdonation interactions,resulting in a weakened bond strength with CO and enhancing catalyst activity and selectivity.In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy(ETEM)further demonstrates the exception thermal stability of the catalyst,even under H_(2)at 700℃.Notably,the functionalized Sb SAs also improve CO tolerance in various heterogenous catalysts,including Co/CeO_(2),Ni/CeO_(2),Pt/Al_(2)O_(3),and Pt/CeO_(2)-C.This finding provides an effective approach to overcome the primary challenge of CO poisoning in Pt-based catalysts,making their broader applications in various industrial catalysts.
文摘The employment of single atom catalysts(SACs)remarkably increases atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency in various electrochemical processes,especially when coupled with metal clusters/nanoparticles.However,the synergistic effects mainly focus on the energetics of key intermediates during the electrocatalysis,while the properties of electrode surface and electric-double-layer(EDL)structure are largely overlooked.Herein,we report the synthesis of Ru nanoparticles integrated with neighboring Ru single atoms on nitrogen doped carbon(Ru1,n/NC)as efficient catalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)under alkaline electrolytes.Electrochemical data,in situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy,and density functional theory calculations reveal that the positively charged Ru single atoms could lead to the dynamically regulated proportion of strongly hydrogen-bonded interfacial water structure with O-down conformation and optimized connectivity of the hydrogen-bond network in the EDL region,which contribute to the accelerated diffusion of hydroxide ions to the electrified interfaces.Consequently,the obtained Ru1,n/NC catalyst displays remarkable HOR performance with the mass activity of 1.15 mAμgPGM^(-1) under alkaline electrolyte.This work demonstrates the promise of single atoms for interfacial water environment adjustment and mass transfer process modulation,providing new insights into rational design of highly-effective SAC-based electrocatalysts.
基金support from the European Union Horizon 2020 program(project HERMES,nr.952184)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for supporting CEMNAT(LM2023037)+1 种基金Czech-NanoLab(LM2023051)infrastructures for providing ALD,SEM,EDX,XPS,TEM,and XRDCzech Science Foundation(project 23-08019X,EXPRO).
文摘Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti^(3+)states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti^(3+),appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec^(-1) of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s^(-1) at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
文摘Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion.Here,we demonstrate a g-C_(3)N_(4)-based(UCN)catalyst with dispersed Ag single atoms(Ag SAs)and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)for synergistically broad-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that both Ag SAs and Ag NPs serve as active sites,with the Schottky junction between Ag NPs and g-C_(3)N_(4)effectively promoting charge separation,while Ag NPs induce localized surface plasmon resonance,extending the light response range from visible to near-infrared regions.The optimized catalyst Ag-UCN-3 exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate as high as 22.11 mmol/g/h and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 10.16%under 420 nm light illumination.Notably,it still had a high hydrogen evolution rate of 633.57μmol/g/h under 700 nm irradiation.This work unveils dual active sites engineering strategy that couples Ag SAs and Ag NPs with plasma and hot electrons,offering a new strategy for designing high-performance solar-driven energy systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208137 and 22068022)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202101BE070001-033,202401AT070825,202201BE070001007 and 202301AV070005)。
文摘Concurrent activation of lattice oxygen(O_L)and molecular oxygen(O_(2))is crucial for the efficient catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived molecules over metal oxides.Herein,we report that the introduction of ultralow-loading of Ru single atoms(0.42 wt%)into Mn_(2)O_(3)matrix(0.4%Ru-Mn_(2)O_(3))greatly boosts its catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).The FDCA productivity over the 0.4%Ru-Mn_(2)O_(3)(5.4 mmol_(FDCA)g_(cat)h^(-1))is 4.9 times higher than the Mn_(2)O_(3).Especially,this FDCAproductivity is also significantly higher than that of existing Ru and Mn-based catalysts.Experimental and theoretical investigations discovered that the Ru single atom facilitated the formation of oxygen vacancy(O_(v))in the catalyst,which synergistically weakened the Mn-O bond and promoted the activation of O_L.The co-presence of Ru single atoms and O_(v)also promote the adsorption and activation of both O_(2)and HMF.Consequently,the dehydrogenation reaction energy barrier of the rate-determining step was reduced via both the O_L and chemisorbed O_(2)dehydrogenation pathways,thus boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 22072065,22178162,and 22222806)Distinguished Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant BK20220053)Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province(grant JNHB-035)。
文摘The synergy of single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR);however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst design.Herein,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly(ionic liquids)(PIL)precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing temperature.The catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into CO.Operando Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and NPs.The charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active sites.In the electroreduction of CO_(2),the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO_(2)activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO_(2)→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Program for Ordered Energy Conversion of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52488201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52276213)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-459)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))from H_(2)O and O_(2)is considered to be a promising approach.However,limited to the rapid recombination of photo-generated carriers and sluggish kinetics of O_(2)re-duction to H_(2)O_(2),it is a challenge for polymeric photocatalysts to achieve efficient photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.Herein,Ag single atoms and nitrogen defects decorated carbon nitride(Ag@MCT)are con-structed through self-assembly and pyrolysis methods.The optimized photocatalyst displays exceptional performance in pure water,with an H_(2)O_(2) production rate of as high as 528.4μmol g^(-1) h^(-1) and an apparent quantum yield for H_(2)O_(2)production of 4.5%at 420 nm.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Ag atomic sites act as electron mediators that promote the capture and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers,while nitrogen defects as electron collectors and reaction sites to enhance the adsorption and activation of O_(2),accelerating reduction kinetics from O_(2) to H_(2)O_(2).This work presents a re-liable strategy to design excellent photocatalysts by rationally modulating electronic structures and active sites for accelerating photo-generated charge carriers transfer and surface reaction kinetics.
文摘Plastics are ubiquitous in human life and pose certain hazards to the environment and human body.The increasing amount of CO_(2)in the atmosphere will lead to the greenhouse effect.Therefore,it is urgent to treat microplastic waste and CO_(2)by using environmentally friendly and efficient technologies.In this work,we developed an efficient photoelectrocatalytic system composed of Ni single atoms(Ni SAs)supported by P,N-doped amorphous NiFe_(2)O_(4)(Ni SAs/A-P-N-NFO)as anode and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)supported by CuO/Cu_(2)O nanocubes(Ag NPs@CuO/Cu_(2)O NCs)as cathode for microplastic oxidation and CO_(2)reduction.The Ni SAs/A-P-N-NFO was synthesized by calcination-H_(2)reduction method,and it achieved a Faraday efficiency of 93%for the oxidation reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)solution under AM 1.5 G light.As a photocathode,the synthesized Ag NPs@CuO/Cu_(2)O NCs was utilized to reduce CO_(2)to ethylene and CO at 1.5 V vs.RHE with selectivity of 42%and 55%,respectively.This work shows that the photoelectrocatalysis,as an environmentally friendly technology,is a feasible strategy for reducing the environmental and biological hazards of light plastics,as well as for efficient CO_(2)reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 60578018 and 10434080)the project for excellent research team from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60821004)+4 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents of the Education Ministry of China (Grant No NCET-07-0524)the State Basic Key Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB921102)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No 20070108003)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China (Grant No 2007011003)the Scientific Research Funds for Returned Scholars Abroad of Shanxi Province,China
文摘Based on our work on single cesium atoms trapped in a large-magnetic-gradient vapour-cell magneto-optical trap （MOT）, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is remarkably improved. Also a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap （FORT） formed by a strongly-focused 1064 nm single frequency Nd：YVO4 laser beam is introduced. One cesium atom is prepared in the MOT, and then it can transfer successfully between the MOT and the FORT which is overlapped with the MOT. Utilizing the effective transfer, the lifetime of single atoms trapped in the FORT is measured to be 6.9± 0.3 s. Thus we provide a system where the atomic qubit can be coherently manipulated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21906063,21876061,21805112)Key Technology R&D Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF109042)。
文摘Pt/CeO2 catalysts with unitary Pt species,nanoparticles,clusters or single atoms,often exhibit excellent activity and unique selectivity in many catalytic reactions benefiting from their small size,abundant unsaturated active sites,and unique electro nic structure.In recent years,a tre mendous number of related articles have provided great inspiration to future research and development of Pt/CeO2 catalysts.In this review,the state-of-the-art evolution of Pt nanoparticles to Pt single atoms on CeO2 is reviewed with the emphasis on synthetic strategies,advanced characterization techniques(allowing one to clarify the single atoms from clusters),the catalytic applications and mechanisms from the viewpoint of theoretical calculation.Finally,the critical outlooks and the challenges faced in developing the single-atom Pt/CeO2 catalysts are highlighted.
基金financial supports from the NNSF of China(Grant No.51972077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072020CF2518,3072020CFT2505+1 种基金3072021CFT2506,3072021CF2523 and 3072021CF2524)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.
文摘Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-N_(xCs)) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal single atoms and the dielectric loss properties of M-N_(xCs) at the atomic-level is still lacking.Herein,we report a general approach to synthesize a series of three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like M-N_xC(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,or Ni) containing metal single atoms.Experimental results indicate that 3D M-N_(xCs) exhibit a greatly enhanced dielectric loss compared with that of the NC matrix.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the density of states of the d orbitals near the Fermi level is significantly increased and additional electrical dipoles are induced due to the destruction of the symmetry of the local microstructure,which enhances conductive loss and dipolar polarization loss of 3D M-N_(xCs),respectively.Consequently,these 3D M-N_(xCs) exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,outperforming the most commonly reported absorbers.This study systematically explains the mechanism of dielectric loss at the atomic level for the first time and is of significance to the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbing materials containing metal single atoms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672047,21707173)the Youth Talent Support Program of Fujian Province(00387077)the National Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2019J01648,2019J01226)。
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as an advanced frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their potential to maximize the atomic efficiency.Herein,covalent triazine-based frameworks(CTFs)confining cobalt single atoms(Co-SA/CTF)photocatalysts have been synthesized and used for efficient CO_(2) reduction and hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.The resulted Co-SA/CTF demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity,with the CO and H2 evolution rates reaching 1665.74μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and 1293.18μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),respectively,far surpassing those of Co nanoparticles anchored CTF and pure CTF.A variety of instrumental analyses collectively indicated that Co single atoms sites served as the reaction center for activating the adsorbed CO_(2) molecules,which significantly improved the CO_(2) reduction performance.Additionally,the introduction of Co single atoms could accelerate the separation/transfer of photogenerated charge carriers,thus boosting the photocatalytic performance.This study envisions a novel strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts for energy conversion and showcases the application of CTFs as attractive support for confining metal single atoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51871078 and 52071119)Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT(Grant No.IR2021208)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(No.2022TS38)Heilongjiang Science Foundation(No.LH2020B006).
文摘ABSTRACT Rationally designing broad-spectrum photocatalysts to harvest whole visible-light region photons and enhance solar energy conversion is a“holy grail”for researchers,but is still a challenging issue.Herein,based on the common polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),a hybrid co-catalysts system comprising plasmonic Au nanoparticles(NPs)and atomically dispersed Pt single atoms(PtSAs)with different functions was constructed to address this challenge.For the dual co-catalysts decorated PCN(PtSAs–Au_(2.5)/PCN),the PCN is photoexcited to generate electrons under UV and short-wavelength visible light,and the synergetic Au NPs and PtSAs not only accelerate charge separation and transfer though Schottky junctions and metal-support bond but also act as the co-catalysts for H_(2) evolution.Furthermore,the Au NPs absorb long-wavelength visible light owing to its localized surface plasmon resonance,and the adjacent PtSAs trap the plasmonic hot-electrons for H_(2) evolution via direct electron transfer effect.Consequently,the PtSAs–Au_(2.5)/PCN exhibits excellent broad-spectrum photocatalytic H_(2) evolution activity with the H_(2) evolution rate of 8.8 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) at 420 nm and 264μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) at 550 nm,much higher than that of Au_(2.5)/PCN and PtSAs–PCN,respectively.This work provides a new strategy to design broad-spectrum photocatalysts for energy conversion reaction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373221,U1910208,52250119)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710403)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(NO.23B0114).
文摘Single-atom(SA)catalysts with nearly 100%atom utilization have been widely employed in electrolysis for decades,due to the outperforming catalytic activity and selectivity.However,most of the reported SA catalysts are fixed through the strong bonding between the dispersed single metallic atoms with nonmetallic atoms of the substrates,which greatly limits the controllable regulation of electrocatalytic activity of SA catalysts.In this work,Pt-Ni bonded Pt SA catalyst with adjustable electronic states was successfully constructed through a controllable electrochemical reduction on the coordination unsaturated amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays.Based on the X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and first-principles calculations,Pt SA was bonded with Ni sites of amorphous Ni(OH)_(2),rather than conventional O sites,resulting in negatively charged Pt^(δ-).In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the changed configuration and electronic states greatly enhanced absorbability for activated hydrogen atoms,which were the essential intermediate for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.The hydrogen spillover process was revealed from amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)that effectively cleave the H-O-H bond of H_(2)O and produce H atom to the Pt SA sites,leading to a low overpotential of 48 mV in alkaline electrolyte at-1000 mA cm^(-2)mg^(-1)_(Pt),evidently better than commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provided new strategy for the control-lable modulation of the local structure of SA catalysts and the systematic regulation of the electronic states.
基金supported by the Regional Leading Research Center Program(2019R1A5A8080326)Basic Science Research Program(2020R1F1A1075921)BRL Program(2020R1A4A1018259)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Republic of Korea.
文摘Two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides have been evidenced as potential electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER);however,their application is limited by a poor oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity due to insufficient number/types of multi-integrated active sites.In this study,we report a novel bifunctional catalyst developed by simultaneous engineering of single nickel atoms(Ni_(SA)) and nickel phosphate clusters(Ni_(Pi)) to synergistically trigger surface-functionalized MoS_(2) nanosheets(NSs)resulting in high reactivities for both HER and OER.The Ni_(SA)-Ni_(Pi)/MoS_(2)NSs material exhibits a fairly Pt-like HER behavior with an overpotential of 94.0 mV and a small OER overpotential of 314.0 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(-2) in freshwater containing 1.0 M KOH.Experimental results of the catalyst are well supported by theoretical study,which reveals the significant modulation of electronic structure and enrichment of electroactive site number/types with their reasonably adjusted free adsorption energy.For evaluating practicability,the Ni_(SA)-Ni_(Pi)/MoS_(2)NSs-based electrolyzer delivers effective operation voltage of 1.62,1.52,and 1.66 V at 10 mA cm^(-2) and superior long-term stability as compared to Pt/C//RuO_(2) system in freshwater,mimic seawater,and natural seawater,respectively.The present study indicates that the catalyst is a promising candidate for the practical production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4005402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.NSFC-NSAF U2330111,52071177)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province,China(No.BK20221473).
文摘Hydrogen storage plays a pivotal role in the hydrogen industry,yet its current status presents a bottle-neck.Diverse strategies have emerged in recent years to address this challenge.MgH_(2) has stood out as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material due to its impressive gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density,but its practical application is hampered by elevated thermal stability and sluggish kinetics.In this study,we introduce a solution by synthesizing Pd metallene through a one-pot solvothermal method,revealing a distinctive highly curved lamellar structure with a thickness of around 1.6 nm.Incorporating this Pd metallene into MgH_(2) results in a composite system wherein the starting dehydrogenation temperature is significantly lowered to 439 K and complete dehydrogenation occurs at 583 K,releasing 6.14 wt.%hydrogen.The activation energy of dehydrogenation for MgH_(2) was reduced from 170.4 kJ mol^(-1) to 79.85 kJ mol^(-1) after Pd metallene decoration.The enthalpy of dehydrogenation of the MgH_(2)-10 wt.%Pd sample was calculated to be 73 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)^(-1) and decreased by 4.4 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)^(-1) from that of dehydrogenation of pure MgH_(2)(77.4 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2)-1).Theoretical calculations show that the average formation energy and average adsorption energy of hydrogen vacancies can be significantly reduced in the presence of both Pd clusters and Pd single atoms on the surface of MgH_(2)/Mg,respectively.It suggests that the synergistic effect of in situ formed Pd single atoms and clusters significantly improves the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics.The identified active sites in this study hold potential as references for forthcoming multi-sized active site catalysts,underscoring a significant advancement toward resolving hydrogen storage limitations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279036)the Innovation Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry Device(B21003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.2019kfyRCPY100).
文摘Combining single atoms with clusters or nanoparticles is an emerging tactic to design efficient electrocatalysts.Both synergy effect and high atomic utilization of active sites in the composite catalysts result in enhanced electrocatalytic performance,simultaneously provide a radical analysis of the interrelationship between structure and activity.In this review,the recent advances of single-atomic site catalysts coupled with clusters or nanoparticles are emphasized.Firstly,the synthetic strategies,characterization,dynamics and types of single atoms coupled with clusters/nanoparticles are introduced,and then the key factors controlling the structure of the composite catalysts are discussed.Next,several clean energy catalytic reactions performed over the synergistic composite catalysts are illustrated.Eventually,the encountering challenges and recommendations for the future advancement of synergistic structure in energy-transformation electrocatalysis are outlined.
