Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effec...Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effects of the compatibility of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR)and Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)on the metabolic level of rats,and observe the changes in body weight and behavior.Discover the mechanism of preventing the occurrence of diseases by using PRR and ASR.Methods:Two animal models were induced by levothyroxine and low-temperature stimulation,followed by 21 days of edible traditional Chinese medicine administration.The changes in the rats’water intake,food intake,body temperature,and thermotactic behavior were recorded.Results:The results showed that PRR could cause an increase in the body weight of rats,a decrease in body temperature,and a stronger preference for warm environments.PRR inhibited thyroid function,the excitability of the nervous system,and energy metabolism.PRR upregulated the expressions of mTOR and TRPM8 while downregulating the expressions of AMPK and TRPV1.Conclusion:Our research findings suggest that the cold-natured PRR can inhibit the material and energy metabolism of the body and lower the body temperature,increasing the thermophilic behavior of rats.In contrast,ASR exhibited an antagonistic effect against PRR.展开更多
Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirec...Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirect database and Web of Science database,163 related articles were found,of which 36 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activities of A.sinensis.In this paper,the chemical structures and different derivatives were systematically summarized by reviewing relevant literatures,and the pharmacological effects were also summarized.展开更多
Anthracnose is a devastating disease caused by Colletotrichum that significantly affects the yield and economic value of the tea plant(Camellia sinensis). However, few studies have addressed the genetic mechanism of a...Anthracnose is a devastating disease caused by Colletotrichum that significantly affects the yield and economic value of the tea plant(Camellia sinensis). However, few studies have addressed the genetic mechanism of anthracnoseresistance(AR). This study investigated the QTL associated with AR in a 'Longjing 43'×'Baijiguan'(LJ43×BJG)population. The field surveys conducted in this study led to the identification of several QTLs for AR on the linkagemap. One major QTL(qAR-12.4) accounted for 12% of the phenotypic variance explained over two years. The BSA-seq results also revealed two genomic regions, q ARChr1 on chromosome 1 and qARChr13 on chromosome 13,which showed strong correlations with AR. Time-course RNA-seq was performed on LJ43 and BJG inoculated withanthracnose at 0, 24, and 48 hours to screen for candidate genes. The results showed the gradual post-inoculationexpression of a nuclear-localized ERF transcription factor(CsERF105) within the qARChr1 locus in BJG but not inLJ43. The AR of BJG was significantly reduced after feeding with CsERF105-specific antisense oligonucleotides,suggesting that CsERF105 may be a positive regulator. The findings of this study add to our general knowledge ofthe genetic factors involved in the tea plant's AR and potential breeding targets.展开更多
The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,...The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.展开更多
The members of the fourth subgroup of R2R3-MYB(Sg4 members)are well-known inhibitors of phenylpropanoid and lignin synthesis pathways.The C2 domain is closely related to the transcriptional inhibitory activity of Sg4 ...The members of the fourth subgroup of R2R3-MYB(Sg4 members)are well-known inhibitors of phenylpropanoid and lignin synthesis pathways.The C2 domain is closely related to the transcriptional inhibitory activity of Sg4 members.Phosphorylation modification enhances the transcriptional inhibitory activity of Sg4 members.Here,we identified a phosphorylation site on the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a from tea plants(Camellia sinensis).A mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),named Cs MPK3-2,phosphorylated this site on the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a.Further experiments revealed that phosphorylation of Cs MYB4a weakened its ability to inhibit the gene expression of PAL,C4H,and 4CL in the phenylpropanoid pathway and activated the expression of transcription factor YABBY5,maintaining the adaxial-abaxial polarity of the leaf.Knocking out Nt YAB5 in Cs MYB4a transgenic tobacco partially repaired the leaf wrinkling phenotype caused by Cs MYB4a.The C1 domain exhibited an activation function when the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a was phosphorylated by Cs MPK3-2,causing this reversal phenomenon.These results enrich our understanding of the regulatory diversity of Sg4 members.展开更多
Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and reli...Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.展开更多
As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),or...As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.展开更多
Asian citrus psyllid(ACP)is a significant pest of citrus crops that can transmit citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)by feeding on the phloem sap of citrus plants,which poses a significant threat to citrus production.Volatile si...Asian citrus psyllid(ACP)is a significant pest of citrus crops that can transmit citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)by feeding on the phloem sap of citrus plants,which poses a significant threat to citrus production.Volatile signal chemicals with plant communication functions can effectively enhance the resistance of recipient plants to herbivorous insects with minimal impacts on plant growth.While(E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene(DMNT),(E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecene(TMTT),(E)-β-caryophyllene,and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS),are known as signaling molecules in guava-sweet orange communication,whether these four chemical signals can enhance the resistance of Citrus sinensis to feeding by ACP adults with no apparent costs in terms of plant growth remains unclear.Therefore,this study measured the effect of non-damaging induction by DMNT,TMTT,(E)-β-caryophyllene,and DMDS on the ability of C.sinensis to resist feeding by ACP,as well as their impacts on the defensive phytochemicals,defensive enzymes,functional nutrients,Photosystem II's utilization and allocation of light energy,photosynthetic pigments,growth conditions,and leaf stomatal aperture in C.sinensis.The results indicate that non-damaging induction by these four chemicals can enhance the activity of the defensive enzyme polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and increase the contents of total phenols,tannins,and terpenoid defensive phytochemicals within C.sinensis,thereby enhancing the resistance of C.sinensis to ACP feeding.Specifically,DMNT and DMDS exhibit more significant effects in inducing resistance compared to TMTT and(E)-β-caryophyllene.The characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and changes in photosynthetic pigments in C.sinensis during different post-exposure induction periods revealed these chemicals can maintain the stability of the photosynthetic system in C.sinensis and regulate its capacity to capture,transmit,and distribute light energy,which significantly enhances the non-photochemical quenching ability of C.sinensis.In addition,detailed measurements of the water content,leaf mass per unit area(LMA),functional nutrients(soluble protein,soluble sugar,and amino acids),and stomatal parameters in C.sinensis leaves further indicated that the non-destructive induction by these chemicals can optimize the levels of functional nutrients in C.sinensis,primarily manifesting as the upregulation of soluble sugars,proline,or soluble proteins,and reduction of stomatal area and aperture,which maintains a stable leaf water content and LMA,thereby enhancing resistance to ACP while sustaining the healthy growth of C.sinensis.These results fully substantiate that the non-damaging induction by the signal chemicals DMNT,TMTT,(E)-β-caryophyllene,and DMDS can enhance the resistance of C.sinensis to ACP feeding while maintaining the balance between pest resistance and growth.This balance prevents any catastrophic effects on the growth of C.sinensis,so these agents can potentially be integrated with other pest management strategies for the collective protection of crops.This study provides theoretical support and assistance for the development of signal chemical inducers for the prevention and management of ACP in agricultural systems.展开更多
In crustaceans,20-hydroxyecdysone(20E),the primary bioactive form of ecdysteroid hormones,regulates molting and ovarian development.In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to examine the potential nongenomic mechani...In crustaceans,20-hydroxyecdysone(20E),the primary bioactive form of ecdysteroid hormones,regulates molting and ovarian development.In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to examine the potential nongenomic mechanisms through which 20E modulates ovarian maturation in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)and its effects on signaling components and associated genes within the phospholipase C(PLC)-protein kinase C(PKC)pathway.The results demonstrate that the administration of 20E considerably upregulated the hepatopancreatic mRNA expression of G proteins(Gs and Gq),calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors.Concurrent increases in phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC activity were observed,along with elevated levels of its catalytic products(i.e.,inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol).Moreover,20E stimulation activated the phosphorylation and enhanced the transcriptional expression of PKC.Notably,in vitro pharmacological inhibition with U73122(a PLC inhibitor)and Go6983(a PKC inhibitor)resulted in the effective suppression of 20E-induced expression of downstream target genes,including the ecdysone receptor(Ec R),retinoid X receptor(RXR),vitellogenin(Vg),and Vg receptor(VgR).These findings suggest that 20E modulates hepatopancreatic Vg synthesis in the Chinese mitten crab through PLC-PKC signaling transduction,thereby exerting indirect regulatory effects on ovarian development.展开更多
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis...Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis.However,very few studies have provided detailed descriptions of crustacean GRP78 genes.The complete coding sequence of the GRP78 of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis was obtained and termed NdGRP78 in this study.Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame of NdGRP78 encodes a protein of 656 amino acid residues,and the encoded protein includes three heat shock proteins 70(HSP70)family conservational motifs,one ATP/GTP binding site A,and one ER homolog region.Multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were highly conserved.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NdGRP78 protein belongs to a member of the HSP70 family.The NdGRP78 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR),suggesting that the NdGRP78 mRNA was the constituent expression in N.denticulata sinensis.The in-situ hybridization result showed that the expression of NdGRP78 mRNA occurred in all types of hepatopancreas cells.Furthermore,the NdGRP78 expression was significantly increased when shrimp were transferred into Vibrio parahaemolyticus-EGFP infected conditions,low or high temperature,and hypoxia.The above results indicate that NdGRP78 expressions were associated with stress responses.This study provided a theoretical support to the good understanding of the role of NdGRP78 in response to different types of environmental stress tolerance.展开更多
The natural estrogens,including estrone(E_(1)),17β-estradiol(E_(2)),and estriol(E_(3)),are frequently detected in aquatic environment at relatively high levels.The most commonly used biomarkers for estrogens are main...The natural estrogens,including estrone(E_(1)),17β-estradiol(E_(2)),and estriol(E_(3)),are frequently detected in aquatic environment at relatively high levels.The most commonly used biomarkers for estrogens are mainly expressed in the liver of fish.Analyses of the global gene profiling in fish liver cells under estrogens treatment will provide precise toxicogenomic information of the natural estrogens which is still not well known.In this study,we developed methods for isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of male Chinese medaka(Oryzias sinensis),and analyzed the global gene expression profiling in the primary hepatocytes treated with E_(1)(1,10,and 100 nmol/L),E_(2)(0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 nmol/L),and E_(3)(1,10,and 100 nmol/L)using RNA-seq.It was found that 175,248,and 218 genes were differentially expressed in the E_(1),E_(2),and E_(3) groups,respectively.These differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology(GO)terms of“response to estradiol”,“response to estrogen”,and“lipid transport”.Of the DEGs,vitellogenin genes,including vtg1,vtg2,and vtg3,were the mostly up-regulated and followed by zona pellucida genes which include zp2.3,zp2l1 and zp3a.2.In addition,genes of slc41a1,zp2.1,esr1,pkd1l1,fam^(2)0ca,best3,etc.were also obviously up-regulated by the estrogens in concentration-dependent patterns.RT-qPCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq and found that vtg2 should be the best biomarker gene for estrogen study,which could well response to natural estrogens and weak estrogenic chemical,propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.展开更多
Using microsatellite markers, we analysed genetic polymorphism in four populations of Eriocheir sinensis, sampled from Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning and Tianjin. Twenty-four pairs of primers were used to amplify the target...Using microsatellite markers, we analysed genetic polymorphism in four populations of Eriocheir sinensis, sampled from Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning and Tianjin. Twenty-four pairs of primers were used to amplify the target fragments ranging from 80 bp to 445 bp, which included 16 pairs designed in our laboratory and eight pairs published internationally. Two to 10 alleles per locus in four populations were amplified, and there were 155 alleles in all populations. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.458. The average number of effective alleles per locus （Ne） was 4.349l to 4.7234; the average observed heterozygosity （Ho） was 0.5690 to 0.6722; and the average expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.7238 to 0.7546. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis （Z2 test, P 〈 0.05） revealed that seven loci in the four populations were in equilibrium. The genetic distances between the four populations were calculated and revealed that the Anhui, Jiangsu and Tianjin crabs belong to a Yangtse River population, while the Liaohe crabs form another branch.展开更多
Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in t...Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in the methanol extract ofDanggui. A total of 24 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra, containing11 phenolic compounds, 12 phthalides and 1 amino acid. Three dicaffeoylquinic acids, 5-feruoylquinic acid and ferulic acidhexoside were detected in A. sinensis for the first time. According to Chinese medicine theories, the three parts of Danggui（Guitou, Guishen, Guiwei） have different therapeutic effects and their substantial evidence has not been clearly elucidatedyet. In the present study, the chemical compositions of different parts of Danggui were investigated by using the establishedHPLC method. The result indicated that the content of tryptophan was getting lower and the contents of low polarity constituentslike phthalides trended to get higher from Guitou to Guiwei. This might partly explain the therapeutic effects of differentparts of Danggui.展开更多
The ultrastructure of the X organ sinus gland complex in sexually immature Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was examined under the electron microscope. The sinus gland (SG) is composed primarily of nerve te...The ultrastructure of the X organ sinus gland complex in sexually immature Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was examined under the electron microscope. The sinus gland (SG) is composed primarily of nerve terminals and glial cells. The terminal contains a great number of membrane bound granules, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron lucent vesicles. The profiles of the terminals are sometimes exhibited finger like projections. The X organ (XO) locates at the ventral surface of the medulla terminalis ganglion in the eyestalk, oppositing to SG. According to the features of granule size, shape, electron density and cytoplasm, 6 types of terminals in SG and 7 types of neurosecretory (NS) cells in XO were identified. The release process by exocytosis of the granules in SG was observed and a tentative comparison was made for the granules between different types of terminals and NS cells. It seemed that they had a good correspondence since no change in electron density and just a slight increase of sizes was shown.展开更多
基金the preparation of this manuscript.This study was supported by the General Projects-Youth project(2022JQ-817)the Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research Open Project(KF202303)+1 种基金the Research on process optimization and quality standard enhancement of five large varieties,including Four Seasons Antiviral Combination(2024CY-JJQ-36)the Shaanxi provincial science and technology department project(2025JC-YBMS-1033).
文摘Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effects of the compatibility of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR)and Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)on the metabolic level of rats,and observe the changes in body weight and behavior.Discover the mechanism of preventing the occurrence of diseases by using PRR and ASR.Methods:Two animal models were induced by levothyroxine and low-temperature stimulation,followed by 21 days of edible traditional Chinese medicine administration.The changes in the rats’water intake,food intake,body temperature,and thermotactic behavior were recorded.Results:The results showed that PRR could cause an increase in the body weight of rats,a decrease in body temperature,and a stronger preference for warm environments.PRR inhibited thyroid function,the excitability of the nervous system,and energy metabolism.PRR upregulated the expressions of mTOR and TRPM8 while downregulating the expressions of AMPK and TRPV1.Conclusion:Our research findings suggest that the cold-natured PRR can inhibit the material and energy metabolism of the body and lower the body temperature,increasing the thermophilic behavior of rats.In contrast,ASR exhibited an antagonistic effect against PRR.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirect database and Web of Science database,163 related articles were found,of which 36 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activities of A.sinensis.In this paper,the chemical structures and different derivatives were systematically summarized by reviewing relevant literatures,and the pharmacological effects were also summarized.
基金supported by Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding-Tea Plant, China (2021C02067-6)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1200200)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1610212022009)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Z24C160010) to Chunlei Ma。
文摘Anthracnose is a devastating disease caused by Colletotrichum that significantly affects the yield and economic value of the tea plant(Camellia sinensis). However, few studies have addressed the genetic mechanism of anthracnoseresistance(AR). This study investigated the QTL associated with AR in a 'Longjing 43'×'Baijiguan'(LJ43×BJG)population. The field surveys conducted in this study led to the identification of several QTLs for AR on the linkagemap. One major QTL(qAR-12.4) accounted for 12% of the phenotypic variance explained over two years. The BSA-seq results also revealed two genomic regions, q ARChr1 on chromosome 1 and qARChr13 on chromosome 13,which showed strong correlations with AR. Time-course RNA-seq was performed on LJ43 and BJG inoculated withanthracnose at 0, 24, and 48 hours to screen for candidate genes. The results showed the gradual post-inoculationexpression of a nuclear-localized ERF transcription factor(CsERF105) within the qARChr1 locus in BJG but not inLJ43. The AR of BJG was significantly reduced after feeding with CsERF105-specific antisense oligonucleotides,suggesting that CsERF105 may be a positive regulator. The findings of this study add to our general knowledge ofthe genetic factors involved in the tea plant's AR and potential breeding targets.
文摘The anti-hair loss mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis leaf extract(ASE)has been studied by using metabolomics and network pharmacology.Metabolomics was utilized to comprehensively identify the active constituents of ASE,and the network pharmacology was used to elucidate their anti-hair loss mechanism,which was verified by molecular docking technology.572 active compounds were identified from the ASE by metabolomics methods,where there are 1447 corresponding targets and 492 targets related to hair loss,totaling 88 targets.20 core active substances were identified by constructing a network between common targets and active substances,which include vanillic acid,chorionic acid,caffeic acid and apigenin.The five key targets of TNF,TP53,IL6,PPARG,and EGFR were screened out by the PPI network analysis on 88 common targets.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inflammation,hormone balance,cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress are involved.Molecular docking studies have confirmed the high binding affinity between core active compounds and key targets.The drug similarity assessment on these core compounds suggested that they have the potential to be used as potential hair loss treatment drugs.This study elucidates the complex molecular mechanism of ASE in treating hair loss,and provides a reference for the future applications in hair care products.
基金supported by the joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A20232,32372756,32072621)。
文摘The members of the fourth subgroup of R2R3-MYB(Sg4 members)are well-known inhibitors of phenylpropanoid and lignin synthesis pathways.The C2 domain is closely related to the transcriptional inhibitory activity of Sg4 members.Phosphorylation modification enhances the transcriptional inhibitory activity of Sg4 members.Here,we identified a phosphorylation site on the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a from tea plants(Camellia sinensis).A mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),named Cs MPK3-2,phosphorylated this site on the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a.Further experiments revealed that phosphorylation of Cs MYB4a weakened its ability to inhibit the gene expression of PAL,C4H,and 4CL in the phenylpropanoid pathway and activated the expression of transcription factor YABBY5,maintaining the adaxial-abaxial polarity of the leaf.Knocking out Nt YAB5 in Cs MYB4a transgenic tobacco partially repaired the leaf wrinkling phenotype caused by Cs MYB4a.The C1 domain exhibited an activation function when the C2 domain of Cs MYB4a was phosphorylated by Cs MPK3-2,causing this reversal phenomenon.These results enrich our understanding of the regulatory diversity of Sg4 members.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301,2023YFF1104403)Key R&D Project of Henan Province(231111112100)。
文摘Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
基金Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(21A320018).
文摘As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971424)。
文摘Asian citrus psyllid(ACP)is a significant pest of citrus crops that can transmit citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)by feeding on the phloem sap of citrus plants,which poses a significant threat to citrus production.Volatile signal chemicals with plant communication functions can effectively enhance the resistance of recipient plants to herbivorous insects with minimal impacts on plant growth.While(E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene(DMNT),(E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecene(TMTT),(E)-β-caryophyllene,and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS),are known as signaling molecules in guava-sweet orange communication,whether these four chemical signals can enhance the resistance of Citrus sinensis to feeding by ACP adults with no apparent costs in terms of plant growth remains unclear.Therefore,this study measured the effect of non-damaging induction by DMNT,TMTT,(E)-β-caryophyllene,and DMDS on the ability of C.sinensis to resist feeding by ACP,as well as their impacts on the defensive phytochemicals,defensive enzymes,functional nutrients,Photosystem II's utilization and allocation of light energy,photosynthetic pigments,growth conditions,and leaf stomatal aperture in C.sinensis.The results indicate that non-damaging induction by these four chemicals can enhance the activity of the defensive enzyme polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and increase the contents of total phenols,tannins,and terpenoid defensive phytochemicals within C.sinensis,thereby enhancing the resistance of C.sinensis to ACP feeding.Specifically,DMNT and DMDS exhibit more significant effects in inducing resistance compared to TMTT and(E)-β-caryophyllene.The characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and changes in photosynthetic pigments in C.sinensis during different post-exposure induction periods revealed these chemicals can maintain the stability of the photosynthetic system in C.sinensis and regulate its capacity to capture,transmit,and distribute light energy,which significantly enhances the non-photochemical quenching ability of C.sinensis.In addition,detailed measurements of the water content,leaf mass per unit area(LMA),functional nutrients(soluble protein,soluble sugar,and amino acids),and stomatal parameters in C.sinensis leaves further indicated that the non-destructive induction by these chemicals can optimize the levels of functional nutrients in C.sinensis,primarily manifesting as the upregulation of soluble sugars,proline,or soluble proteins,and reduction of stomatal area and aperture,which maintains a stable leaf water content and LMA,thereby enhancing resistance to ACP while sustaining the healthy growth of C.sinensis.These results fully substantiate that the non-damaging induction by the signal chemicals DMNT,TMTT,(E)-β-caryophyllene,and DMDS can enhance the resistance of C.sinensis to ACP feeding while maintaining the balance between pest resistance and growth.This balance prevents any catastrophic effects on the growth of C.sinensis,so these agents can potentially be integrated with other pest management strategies for the collective protection of crops.This study provides theoretical support and assistance for the development of signal chemical inducers for the prevention and management of ACP in agricultural systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20248)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University。
文摘In crustaceans,20-hydroxyecdysone(20E),the primary bioactive form of ecdysteroid hormones,regulates molting and ovarian development.In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to examine the potential nongenomic mechanisms through which 20E modulates ovarian maturation in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)and its effects on signaling components and associated genes within the phospholipase C(PLC)-protein kinase C(PKC)pathway.The results demonstrate that the administration of 20E considerably upregulated the hepatopancreatic mRNA expression of G proteins(Gs and Gq),calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors.Concurrent increases in phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC activity were observed,along with elevated levels of its catalytic products(i.e.,inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol).Moreover,20E stimulation activated the phosphorylation and enhanced the transcriptional expression of PKC.Notably,in vitro pharmacological inhibition with U73122(a PLC inhibitor)and Go6983(a PKC inhibitor)resulted in the effective suppression of 20E-induced expression of downstream target genes,including the ecdysone receptor(Ec R),retinoid X receptor(RXR),vitellogenin(Vg),and Vg receptor(VgR).These findings suggest that 20E modulates hepatopancreatic Vg synthesis in the Chinese mitten crab through PLC-PKC signaling transduction,thereby exerting indirect regulatory effects on ovarian development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32172954, 32373121)the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (No. 22323201D)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. ZD2022093)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (No. D2022201003)
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis.However,very few studies have provided detailed descriptions of crustacean GRP78 genes.The complete coding sequence of the GRP78 of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis was obtained and termed NdGRP78 in this study.Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame of NdGRP78 encodes a protein of 656 amino acid residues,and the encoded protein includes three heat shock proteins 70(HSP70)family conservational motifs,one ATP/GTP binding site A,and one ER homolog region.Multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were highly conserved.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NdGRP78 protein belongs to a member of the HSP70 family.The NdGRP78 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR),suggesting that the NdGRP78 mRNA was the constituent expression in N.denticulata sinensis.The in-situ hybridization result showed that the expression of NdGRP78 mRNA occurred in all types of hepatopancreas cells.Furthermore,the NdGRP78 expression was significantly increased when shrimp were transferred into Vibrio parahaemolyticus-EGFP infected conditions,low or high temperature,and hypoxia.The above results indicate that NdGRP78 expressions were associated with stress responses.This study provided a theoretical support to the good understanding of the role of NdGRP78 in response to different types of environmental stress tolerance.
基金supported by the Fisheries Innovation Team of Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(No.BAIC07–2023–02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176004 and 21777003).
文摘The natural estrogens,including estrone(E_(1)),17β-estradiol(E_(2)),and estriol(E_(3)),are frequently detected in aquatic environment at relatively high levels.The most commonly used biomarkers for estrogens are mainly expressed in the liver of fish.Analyses of the global gene profiling in fish liver cells under estrogens treatment will provide precise toxicogenomic information of the natural estrogens which is still not well known.In this study,we developed methods for isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of male Chinese medaka(Oryzias sinensis),and analyzed the global gene expression profiling in the primary hepatocytes treated with E_(1)(1,10,and 100 nmol/L),E_(2)(0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 nmol/L),and E_(3)(1,10,and 100 nmol/L)using RNA-seq.It was found that 175,248,and 218 genes were differentially expressed in the E_(1),E_(2),and E_(3) groups,respectively.These differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology(GO)terms of“response to estradiol”,“response to estrogen”,and“lipid transport”.Of the DEGs,vitellogenin genes,including vtg1,vtg2,and vtg3,were the mostly up-regulated and followed by zona pellucida genes which include zp2.3,zp2l1 and zp3a.2.In addition,genes of slc41a1,zp2.1,esr1,pkd1l1,fam^(2)0ca,best3,etc.were also obviously up-regulated by the estrogens in concentration-dependent patterns.RT-qPCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq and found that vtg2 should be the best biomarker gene for estrogen study,which could well response to natural estrogens and weak estrogenic chemical,propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.
文摘Using microsatellite markers, we analysed genetic polymorphism in four populations of Eriocheir sinensis, sampled from Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning and Tianjin. Twenty-four pairs of primers were used to amplify the target fragments ranging from 80 bp to 445 bp, which included 16 pairs designed in our laboratory and eight pairs published internationally. Two to 10 alleles per locus in four populations were amplified, and there were 155 alleles in all populations. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.458. The average number of effective alleles per locus （Ne） was 4.349l to 4.7234; the average observed heterozygosity （Ho） was 0.5690 to 0.6722; and the average expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.7238 to 0.7546. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis （Z2 test, P 〈 0.05） revealed that seven loci in the four populations were in equilibrium. The genetic distances between the four populations were calculated and revealed that the Anhui, Jiangsu and Tianjin crabs belong to a Yangtse River population, while the Liaohe crabs form another branch.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB504700)
文摘Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in the methanol extract ofDanggui. A total of 24 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra, containing11 phenolic compounds, 12 phthalides and 1 amino acid. Three dicaffeoylquinic acids, 5-feruoylquinic acid and ferulic acidhexoside were detected in A. sinensis for the first time. According to Chinese medicine theories, the three parts of Danggui（Guitou, Guishen, Guiwei） have different therapeutic effects and their substantial evidence has not been clearly elucidatedyet. In the present study, the chemical compositions of different parts of Danggui were investigated by using the establishedHPLC method. The result indicated that the content of tryptophan was getting lower and the contents of low polarity constituentslike phthalides trended to get higher from Guitou to Guiwei. This might partly explain the therapeutic effects of differentparts of Danggui.
文摘The ultrastructure of the X organ sinus gland complex in sexually immature Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was examined under the electron microscope. The sinus gland (SG) is composed primarily of nerve terminals and glial cells. The terminal contains a great number of membrane bound granules, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron lucent vesicles. The profiles of the terminals are sometimes exhibited finger like projections. The X organ (XO) locates at the ventral surface of the medulla terminalis ganglion in the eyestalk, oppositing to SG. According to the features of granule size, shape, electron density and cytoplasm, 6 types of terminals in SG and 7 types of neurosecretory (NS) cells in XO were identified. The release process by exocytosis of the granules in SG was observed and a tentative comparison was made for the granules between different types of terminals and NS cells. It seemed that they had a good correspondence since no change in electron density and just a slight increase of sizes was shown.
