INTRODUCTION.Dung middens(also dung hills,dung latrines,stud piles,or fecal piles)are spatially fixed points where animals regularly deposit urine and feces.Most of the animals that are known to construct dung middens...INTRODUCTION.Dung middens(also dung hills,dung latrines,stud piles,or fecal piles)are spatially fixed points where animals regularly deposit urine and feces.Most of the animals that are known to construct dung middens are odd-and even-toed ungulates(Walther et al.1983).They range in size from the Kirk’s dik-dik,Madoqua kirkii(Ono et al.1988),to the white rhinoceros,Ceratotherium simum(Marneweck et al.2018).Yet,this behavior has also been observed in carnivores(Darden et al.2008;Rodgers et al.2015),as well as primates(Eppley et al.2016).In antelopes,middens are constructed mostly by males(in dik-dik and klipspringer,Oreotragus oreotragus,both sexes deposit in the midden,Macdonald 1984).A communal form of social depositing was found in several species;for example,in the European badger,Meles meles,and the whitefooted sportive lemur,Lepilemur leucopus(Charpentier et al.2008).展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION.Dung middens(also dung hills,dung latrines,stud piles,or fecal piles)are spatially fixed points where animals regularly deposit urine and feces.Most of the animals that are known to construct dung middens are odd-and even-toed ungulates(Walther et al.1983).They range in size from the Kirk’s dik-dik,Madoqua kirkii(Ono et al.1988),to the white rhinoceros,Ceratotherium simum(Marneweck et al.2018).Yet,this behavior has also been observed in carnivores(Darden et al.2008;Rodgers et al.2015),as well as primates(Eppley et al.2016).In antelopes,middens are constructed mostly by males(in dik-dik and klipspringer,Oreotragus oreotragus,both sexes deposit in the midden,Macdonald 1984).A communal form of social depositing was found in several species;for example,in the European badger,Meles meles,and the whitefooted sportive lemur,Lepilemur leucopus(Charpentier et al.2008).
