Objective:To understand the healthcare needs of disabled oncology patients,explore the impact of home network hospital-based health education on disabled oncology patients’healthcare needs,activity of daily living(AD...Objective:To understand the healthcare needs of disabled oncology patients,explore the impact of home network hospital-based health education on disabled oncology patients’healthcare needs,activity of daily living(ADL)scores,quality of survival,and caregiver burden,and to provide a reference basis for the effective implementation of health education for disabled oncology patients in the home and the improvement of their quality of life.Methods:From May 2021 to May 2024,112 patients with ADL Scale scores<60 who were hospitalized in 7 tertiary-level hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected for the questionnaire survey and implementation of the intervention analysis.The 112 study subjects chosen were randomly divided into 56 in the intervention group and 56 in the control group.The patients in the control group were discharged from the hospital and followed up once a month by telephone,health education,and disease rehabilitation guidance.The intervention group constructed a home network hospital on a routine basis,utilized the micro letter public number and APP applet intervention guidance for 6 consecutive months,and used the general information questionnaire,Barthel index,SF-36 quality of life scale(the Medical Outcomes Study item short-form health survey,SF-36),the caregiver’s quality of life scale(the SF-36),and the Caregiver Burden Scale ZBL(Zarit Burden Interview,ZBI),to investigate the number of care needs,quality of life,and the degree of caregiving burden of the 2 groups of patients.Results:The quality of survival of all patients with disabling tumors was poor.Patients with moderate to severe dependence on ADL were not only impaired in physiological dimensions but also had varying degrees of reduction in psychological dimensions,with the lowest scores in physiological functioning and the highest scores in somatic pain.There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the general information and scores of patients in the 2 groups(P>0.05).After 3 months and 6 months of intervention,the difference in scores between the 2 groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),in which the SF-36 score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the ADL score was lower than that of the control group.There was a statistically significant difference in ADL and ZBI scores between the intervention and pre-intervention(P<0.05)groups.In the control group,after 3 months of intervention,ADL and ZBI scores were statistically different compared with pre-intervention(P<0.05);after 6 months of intervention,there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusions:Health education based on home network hospitals can reduce the healthcare needs of disabled oncology patients and meet their safety and physiological health guidance needs.The quality of life of disabled oncology patients is at the bottom level,the burden of family care is heavy,and the burden of care for the primary caregiver is heavy.At the root of the problem,there is a lack of scientific,effective,and practical interventions,which can be sorted by clarifying the patients’needs for home care and providing targeted nursing skills can improve the quality of life of the patients and reduce somatic discomfort.展开更多
BACKGROUND A psychological sense of coherence(SOC)in percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)patients is important for disease prognosis,and there is considerable variation between their symptoms.In contrast,network an...BACKGROUND A psychological sense of coherence(SOC)in percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)patients is important for disease prognosis,and there is considerable variation between their symptoms.In contrast,network analysis provides a new approach to gaining insight into the complex nature of symptoms and symptom clusters and identifying core symptoms.AIM To explore the psychological coherence of symptoms experienced by PCI patients,we aim to analyze differences in their associated factors and employ network analysis to characterize the symptom networks.METHODS A total of 472 patients who underwent PCI were selected for a cross-sectional study.The objective was to investigate the association between general patient demographics,medical coping styles,perceived stress status,and symptoms of psychological coherence.Data analysis was conducted using a linear regression model and a network model to visualize psychological coherence and calculate a centrality index.RESULTSPost-PCI patients exhibited low levels of psychological coherence, which correlated with factors such as education,income, age, place of residence, adherence to medical examinations, perceived stress, and medical coping style.Network analysis revealed that symptoms within the sense of psychological coherence were strongly interconnected,particularly with SOC2 and SOC8, demonstrating the strongest correlations. Among these, SOC10 emergedas the symptom with the highest intensity, centrality, and proximity, identifying it as the most central symptom.CONCLUSIONThe network model has strong explanatory power in describing the psychological consistency symptoms ofpatients after PCI, identifying the central SOC symptoms, among which SOC10 is the key to overall SOCenhancement, and there is a strong positive correlation between SOC2 and SOC8, emphasizing the need to considerthe synergistic effect of symptoms in intervention measures.展开更多
The paper expounds the community maternity service system against birth defects, from the viewpoint of individualized service in family planning. We have utilized modern information technology to develop health manage...The paper expounds the community maternity service system against birth defects, from the viewpoint of individualized service in family planning. We have utilized modern information technology to develop health management information （HMI） network with individualized maternity, and to establish the community service system for intervention of birth dejects. The service system applied the concept of modern health management information to implementing informational management for screening, treatment, following up, outcome monitoring, so as to provide a base for promotion of health, diagnosis, treatment as well as scientific research, with the prenatal screening of Down＇s syndrome as a model. The introduction to informational network during the processes of service has been carried out with regards to its composition, function and application, while introducing the effects of computerized case record individualized in prevention, management and research of Down＇s syndrome.展开更多
Purpose This scoping review aimed to offer researchers and practitioners an understanding of artificial intelligence(AI)applications in physical activity(PA)interventions;introduce them to prevalent machine learning(M...Purpose This scoping review aimed to offer researchers and practitioners an understanding of artificial intelligence(AI)applications in physical activity(PA)interventions;introduce them to prevalent machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and reinforcement learning(RL)algorithms;and encourage the adoption of AI methodologies.Methods A scoping review was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EBSCO focusing on AI applications for promoting PA or predicting related behavioral or health outcomes.AI methodologies were summarized and categorized to identify synergies,patterns,and trends informing future research.Additionally,a concise primer on predominant AI methodologies within the realm of PA was provided to bolster understanding and broader application.Results The review included 24 studies that met the predetermined eligibility criteria.AI models were found effective in detecting significant patterns of PA behavior and associations between specific factors and intervention outcomes.Most studies comparing AI models to traditional statistical approaches reported higher prediction accuracy for AI models on test data.Comparisons of different AI models yielded mixed results,likely due to model performance being highly dependent on the dataset and task.An increasing trend of adopting state-of-the-art DL and RL models over standard ML was observed,addressing complex human–machine communication,behavior modification,and decision-making tasks.Six key areas for future AI adoption in PA interventions emerged:personalized PA interventions,real-time monitoring and adaptation,integration of multimodal data sources,evaluation of intervention effectiveness,expanding access to PA interventions,and predicting and preventing injuries.Conclusion The scoping review highlights the potential of AI methodologies for advancing PA interventions.As the field progresses,staying informed and exploring emerging AI-driven strategies is essential for achieving significant improvements in PA interventions and fostering overall well-being.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI ...BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI in the treatment of IBS.METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 12, 2020. Data of included publications were analyzed using network meta-analysis(NMA). Quality of endpoints were assessed by tools of the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADEpro software. Pooled relative risk or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) probability value was conducted to rank the examined interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of results and test the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Forty randomized controlled trials with 4196 participants were included in this NMA. Compared with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo, acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) had better efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. Based on the SUCRA values, acupuncture ranked first in improving overall clinical efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. CBT ranked first in lowering the scores of IBS symptom severity scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of NPI for improving IBS symptoms, which to some extent recommended several interventions for clinical practice.展开更多
The control of highly contagious disease spreading in campuses is a critical challenge.In residential universities,students attend classes according to a curriculum schedule,and mainly pack into classrooms,dining hall...The control of highly contagious disease spreading in campuses is a critical challenge.In residential universities,students attend classes according to a curriculum schedule,and mainly pack into classrooms,dining halls and dorms.They move from one place to another.To simulate such environments,we propose an agent-based susceptible–infected–recovered model with time-varying heterogeneous contact networks.In close environments,maintaining physical distancing is the most widely recommended and encouraged non-pharmaceutical intervention.It can be easily realized by using larger classrooms,adopting staggered dining hours,decreasing the number of students per dorm and so on.Their real-world influence remains uncertain.With numerical simulations,we obtain epidemic thresholds.The effect of such countermeasures on reducing the number of disease cases is also quantitatively evaluated.展开更多
In this paper, we aim to use an innovative model to integrate applied work on a fast-acting mind-body intervention, Mind-Body Bridging (MBB), with theoretical work based on psychology and neuroscience. In an affect-ob...In this paper, we aim to use an innovative model to integrate applied work on a fast-acting mind-body intervention, Mind-Body Bridging (MBB), with theoretical work based on psychology and neuroscience. In an affect-object generative inference and regulation (AGIR) model, we propose that functional dynamics between two systems, the affect-object thought generation system and the cognitive control system, can guide an individual to achieve homeostasis within self and harmonious relationships with others. We used Neurosynth (www.neurosynth.org), an automated meta-analysis database, to identify potential brain substrates underlying the key components in the AGIR model. Based on the findings, some brain regions are implicated as the key cortical substrates in this model, corroborating our central hypothesis that a hallmark of mind-body wellbeing can be characterized as a low-frequency anti-correlantion between 1) the cognitive control system including the dorsal anterior/middle cingulate cortex, and 2) the affect-object thought generation system including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. MBB provides an efficient strategy for responding to and dissolving a fundamental problem that impairs mind-body wellbeing, i.e., unrealistic identity-grasping consisting of self-centered embodied expectations of self and others. We demonstrated how theoretical and applied work could be integrated by drawing evidence from the neuroscience literature to support the AGIR model, and then we applied the AGIR model to elucidate how MBB might work.展开更多
In the context of a global public health crisis,such as COVID-19,developing interventions to improve population health behav-iors has emerged as a pivotal element of health management strategies.The efficacy of variou...In the context of a global public health crisis,such as COVID-19,developing interventions to improve population health behav-iors has emerged as a pivotal element of health management strategies.The efficacy of various interventions implemented during this period has varied,and the impact of different variables on these intervention outcomes remains to be fully elucidated.This study screened 57 papers(n=47,264)by searching electronic databases and revealed the optimal intervention through pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis,as well as the changes in intervention effectiveness under different conditions.Our research findings indicate that interventions for preventive health behaviors and health-promoting behaviors have significant effects.For preventive health behaviors,the intervention method of health education and low-risk information framework under information intervention was the optimal intervention.For health-promoting behaviors,the exercise intervention and the prosocial information framework with information intervention were the optimal interventions.Accordingly,future research should focus on the in-depth exploration of specific interventions to establish and improve the effectiveness of interventions.展开更多
目的:传统Meta分析证实运动干预可有效改善慢性腰背痛,但哪种特定的运动方式疗效更好目前证据还不够充分。鉴于此,此次研究通过网状Meta分析探讨不同运动要素改善成年人慢性腰背痛影响的差异。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase...目的:传统Meta分析证实运动干预可有效改善慢性腰背痛,但哪种特定的运动方式疗效更好目前证据还不够充分。鉴于此,此次研究通过网状Meta分析探讨不同运动要素改善成年人慢性腰背痛影响的差异。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中运动干预非特异性慢性腰痛的随机对照试验,其中试验组进行任何形式的运动类型干预,对照组进行药物治疗、物理治疗等非运动干预,检索时限设为各数据库建库至2025-03-01,使用布尔逻辑运算符(AND/OR)组合关键词进行检索。由2位评价员独立完成文献筛选、信息提取及偏倚风险评估后,使用Stata 17.0软件进行网状Meta分析,利用累计排序概率图下面积(SUCRA)对运动剂量变量的影响效果进行排序。结果:①共纳入40项随机对照试验,网状Meta分析结果显示,核心稳定性训练、垫上运动、传统功法运动、组合运动、其他运动改善慢性腰背痛的效果优于对照组[SMD=-0.76,95%CI(-1.39,-0.13),P<0.05;SMD=-1.67,95%CI(-2.48,-0.86),P<0.05;SMD=-2.09,95%CI(-3.37,-0.80),P<0.05;SMD=-1.60,95%CI(-2.71,-0.49),P<0.05;SMD=-1.40,95%CI(-2.40,-0.40),P<0.05],悬吊训练改善慢性腰背痛的效果弱于传统功法运动和垫上运动[SMD=1.50,95%CI(0.05,2.95),P<0.05;SMD=1.09,95%CI(0.11,2.06),P<0.05],传统功法运动改善慢性腰背痛的效果优于核心稳定性训练[SMD=-1.32,95%CI(-2.64,-0.01),P<0.05];单次运动15-20 min、30-40 min的干预效果优于对照组[SMD=-1.96,95%CI(-3.55,-0.36),P<0.05;SMD=-1.44,95%CI(-2.12,-0.76),P<0.05],每周运动3次、六七次的干预效果优于对照组[SMD=-1.03,95%CI(-1.69,-0.37),P<0.05;SMD=-1.83,95%CI(-2.75,-0.91),P<0.05],每周运动六七次的干预效果优于每周运动一二次[SMD=-1.30,95%CI(-2.61,-0.06),P<0.05],运动4周、12-13周和≥16周的干预效果均显著优于对照组[SMD=-0.81,95%CI(-1.50,-0.12),P<0.05;SMD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.82,-0.43),P<0.05;SMD=-2.14,95%CI(-3.36,-0.92),P<0.05],运动≥16周的干预效果显著优于运动6周[SMD=-1.55,95%CI(-3.03,-0.07),P<0.05]。SUCRA结果显示,传统功法运动、单次运动15-20 min、每周运动六七次、运动≥16周在各自对应的因素中排名最高。结论:干预类型为传统功法(太极拳、气功、五禽戏、八段锦)、单次运动15-20 min、每周运动六七次、运动≥16周可能对成年人慢性腰背痛的缓解效果最佳。然而,由于纳入的研究数量有限,需要进一步的研究来提供更有力证据。展开更多
目的:系统评价多种干预措施对帕金森病患者吞咽功能的改善效果。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang、VIP、CBM、PubMed、Medline和Web of science数据库,搜集关于不同治疗方法治疗帕金森病患者吞咽障碍的RCTs,时段为建库至2024年3月15日。利用RevM...目的:系统评价多种干预措施对帕金森病患者吞咽功能的改善效果。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang、VIP、CBM、PubMed、Medline和Web of science数据库,搜集关于不同治疗方法治疗帕金森病患者吞咽障碍的RCTs,时段为建库至2024年3月15日。利用RevMan 5.4.1软件评估纳入研究的质量,Stata 17.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果:纳入研究29篇,1 870例患者,涉及针刺、电刺激、呼吸训练等13种治疗方法。网状Meta分析结果显示,在提高帕金森病临床有效率及PAS方面,训练效果最好的是呼吸训练;提高SSA、洼田饮水评分方面,重复经颅磁刺激与电刺激效果最好。结论:现有证据表明,呼吸训练成为治疗帕金森病吞咽障碍最佳干预方案的可能性最大,重复经颅磁刺激与电刺激也具有一定优势。展开更多
Precancers,defined as normal-appearing or morphologically altered tissues with a risk of oncogenesis,exhibit various detectable manifestations across anatomical sites,including epithelial dysplasia,metaplasia,hyperpla...Precancers,defined as normal-appearing or morphologically altered tissues with a risk of oncogenesis,exhibit various detectable manifestations across anatomical sites,including epithelial dysplasia,metaplasia,hyperplasia,and stromal fibrosis.Considering the prevailing assumption that most cancers arise from precancers,early intervention at the precancerous stage has immense potential to reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality.However,the complex signaling networks governing precancer initiation and progression remain elusive,hampering the development of effective targeted interventions.This review synthesizes three critical dimensions of precancer biology:historical foundations tracing the conceptual evolution of precancer research over the past century;mechanisms underlying the multistep progression of precancer biology,encompassing epithelial and macro/microenvironmental remodeling;and signaling networks cataloging dysregulated pathways and their therapeutic potential.Over 10 signaling pathways,including the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),p53,Wnt,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways,drive multistep malignant transformation.We further synthesize emerging evidence supporting microenvironmental dominance,proposing the novel“soil degeneration”hypothesis.This paradigm shift underscores the necessity for dual-window intervention in which early-phase microenvironmental normalization prevents the establishment of precancerous lesions and advanced-phase treatment concurrently addresses epithelial malignancy and stromal degeneration.This review bridges foundational molecular discoveries with translational clinical potential and advocates for precision intervention frameworks that extend from biomarker-guided risk assessment to synergistic remodeling of the precancer microenvironment,thereby redefining precancer intervention in the molecularly targeted era.展开更多
In the early stage of an infectious disease outbreak,public health strategies tend to gravitate towards non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)given the time required to develop targeted treatments and vaccines.One of ...In the early stage of an infectious disease outbreak,public health strategies tend to gravitate towards non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)given the time required to develop targeted treatments and vaccines.One of the most common NPIs is Test-Trace-Isolate(TTI).One of the factors determining the effectiveness of TTI is the ability to identify contacts of infected individuals.In this study,we propose a multi-layer temporal contact network to model transmission dynamics and assess the impact of different TTI implementations,using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study.The model was used to evaluate TTI effectiveness both in containing an outbreak and mitigating the impact of an epidemic.We estimated that a TTI strategy based on home isolation and testing of both primary and secondary contacts can contain outbreaks only when the reproduction number is up to 1.3,at which the epidemic prevention potential is 88.2%(95%CI:87.9%e88.5%).On the other hand,for higher value of the reproduction number,TTI is estimated to noticeably mitigate disease burden but at high social costs(e.g.,over a month in isolation/quarantine per person for reproduction numbers of 1.7 or higher).We estimated that strategies considering quarantine of contacts have a larger epidemic prevention potential than strategies that either avoid tracing contacts or require contacts to be tested before isolation.Combining TTI with other social distancing measures can improve the likelihood of successfully containing an outbreak but the estimated epidemic prevention potential remains lower than 50%for reproduction numbers higher than 2.1.In conclusion,our model-based evaluation highlights the challenges of relying on TTIs to contain an outbreak of a novel pathogen with characteristics similar to SARS-CoV-2,and that the estimated effectiveness of TTI depends on the way contact patterns are modeled,supporting the relevance of obtaining comprehensive data on human social interactions to improve preparedness.展开更多
In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new C...In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new Chinese herbal medicine formulae for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). These herbs have the highest appearance rate in the literature, and their compounds are listed. The human protein–protein interaction network and the T2DM disease protein interaction network were constructed. Then, the related algorithm for network topology was used to perform interventions on the interaction network of disease proteins and normal human proteins to test different Chinese herbal medicine compound combinations, according to the information on the interaction of compounds–targets in two databases, namely TarN et and the Medicinal Plants Database. Results of the intervention scores indicate that the method proposed in this study can provide new effective combinations of Chinese herbal medicines for T2DM. Network pharmacology can effectively promote the modernization and development of TCM.展开更多
文摘Objective:To understand the healthcare needs of disabled oncology patients,explore the impact of home network hospital-based health education on disabled oncology patients’healthcare needs,activity of daily living(ADL)scores,quality of survival,and caregiver burden,and to provide a reference basis for the effective implementation of health education for disabled oncology patients in the home and the improvement of their quality of life.Methods:From May 2021 to May 2024,112 patients with ADL Scale scores<60 who were hospitalized in 7 tertiary-level hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected for the questionnaire survey and implementation of the intervention analysis.The 112 study subjects chosen were randomly divided into 56 in the intervention group and 56 in the control group.The patients in the control group were discharged from the hospital and followed up once a month by telephone,health education,and disease rehabilitation guidance.The intervention group constructed a home network hospital on a routine basis,utilized the micro letter public number and APP applet intervention guidance for 6 consecutive months,and used the general information questionnaire,Barthel index,SF-36 quality of life scale(the Medical Outcomes Study item short-form health survey,SF-36),the caregiver’s quality of life scale(the SF-36),and the Caregiver Burden Scale ZBL(Zarit Burden Interview,ZBI),to investigate the number of care needs,quality of life,and the degree of caregiving burden of the 2 groups of patients.Results:The quality of survival of all patients with disabling tumors was poor.Patients with moderate to severe dependence on ADL were not only impaired in physiological dimensions but also had varying degrees of reduction in psychological dimensions,with the lowest scores in physiological functioning and the highest scores in somatic pain.There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the general information and scores of patients in the 2 groups(P>0.05).After 3 months and 6 months of intervention,the difference in scores between the 2 groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),in which the SF-36 score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the ADL score was lower than that of the control group.There was a statistically significant difference in ADL and ZBI scores between the intervention and pre-intervention(P<0.05)groups.In the control group,after 3 months of intervention,ADL and ZBI scores were statistically different compared with pre-intervention(P<0.05);after 6 months of intervention,there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusions:Health education based on home network hospitals can reduce the healthcare needs of disabled oncology patients and meet their safety and physiological health guidance needs.The quality of life of disabled oncology patients is at the bottom level,the burden of family care is heavy,and the burden of care for the primary caregiver is heavy.At the root of the problem,there is a lack of scientific,effective,and practical interventions,which can be sorted by clarifying the patients’needs for home care and providing targeted nursing skills can improve the quality of life of the patients and reduce somatic discomfort.
基金Supported by the Self-funded Research Project of Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Z-A20220509.
文摘BACKGROUND A psychological sense of coherence(SOC)in percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)patients is important for disease prognosis,and there is considerable variation between their symptoms.In contrast,network analysis provides a new approach to gaining insight into the complex nature of symptoms and symptom clusters and identifying core symptoms.AIM To explore the psychological coherence of symptoms experienced by PCI patients,we aim to analyze differences in their associated factors and employ network analysis to characterize the symptom networks.METHODS A total of 472 patients who underwent PCI were selected for a cross-sectional study.The objective was to investigate the association between general patient demographics,medical coping styles,perceived stress status,and symptoms of psychological coherence.Data analysis was conducted using a linear regression model and a network model to visualize psychological coherence and calculate a centrality index.RESULTSPost-PCI patients exhibited low levels of psychological coherence, which correlated with factors such as education,income, age, place of residence, adherence to medical examinations, perceived stress, and medical coping style.Network analysis revealed that symptoms within the sense of psychological coherence were strongly interconnected,particularly with SOC2 and SOC8, demonstrating the strongest correlations. Among these, SOC10 emergedas the symptom with the highest intensity, centrality, and proximity, identifying it as the most central symptom.CONCLUSIONThe network model has strong explanatory power in describing the psychological consistency symptoms ofpatients after PCI, identifying the central SOC symptoms, among which SOC10 is the key to overall SOCenhancement, and there is a strong positive correlation between SOC2 and SOC8, emphasizing the need to considerthe synergistic effect of symptoms in intervention measures.
文摘The paper expounds the community maternity service system against birth defects, from the viewpoint of individualized service in family planning. We have utilized modern information technology to develop health management information （HMI） network with individualized maternity, and to establish the community service system for intervention of birth dejects. The service system applied the concept of modern health management information to implementing informational management for screening, treatment, following up, outcome monitoring, so as to provide a base for promotion of health, diagnosis, treatment as well as scientific research, with the prenatal screening of Down＇s syndrome as a model. The introduction to informational network during the processes of service has been carried out with regards to its composition, function and application, while introducing the effects of computerized case record individualized in prevention, management and research of Down＇s syndrome.
文摘Purpose This scoping review aimed to offer researchers and practitioners an understanding of artificial intelligence(AI)applications in physical activity(PA)interventions;introduce them to prevalent machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and reinforcement learning(RL)algorithms;and encourage the adoption of AI methodologies.Methods A scoping review was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EBSCO focusing on AI applications for promoting PA or predicting related behavioral or health outcomes.AI methodologies were summarized and categorized to identify synergies,patterns,and trends informing future research.Additionally,a concise primer on predominant AI methodologies within the realm of PA was provided to bolster understanding and broader application.Results The review included 24 studies that met the predetermined eligibility criteria.AI models were found effective in detecting significant patterns of PA behavior and associations between specific factors and intervention outcomes.Most studies comparing AI models to traditional statistical approaches reported higher prediction accuracy for AI models on test data.Comparisons of different AI models yielded mixed results,likely due to model performance being highly dependent on the dataset and task.An increasing trend of adopting state-of-the-art DL and RL models over standard ML was observed,addressing complex human–machine communication,behavior modification,and decision-making tasks.Six key areas for future AI adoption in PA interventions emerged:personalized PA interventions,real-time monitoring and adaptation,integration of multimodal data sources,evaluation of intervention effectiveness,expanding access to PA interventions,and predicting and preventing injuries.Conclusion The scoping review highlights the potential of AI methodologies for advancing PA interventions.As the field progresses,staying informed and exploring emerging AI-driven strategies is essential for achieving significant improvements in PA interventions and fostering overall well-being.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81774238, No. 81373563, and No.30772689Construction of Chinese First-class Discipline of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2017, No.70+2 种基金Construction of Chinese First-class Discipline Research of Key Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine([2020] No. 62,[2019] No. 5, and[2018] No. 6)Construction of High-level University of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(2016, No. 64)Innovation Team to Foster Scientific Research Projects of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.2016KYTD07。
文摘BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI in the treatment of IBS.METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 12, 2020. Data of included publications were analyzed using network meta-analysis(NMA). Quality of endpoints were assessed by tools of the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADEpro software. Pooled relative risk or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) probability value was conducted to rank the examined interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of results and test the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Forty randomized controlled trials with 4196 participants were included in this NMA. Compared with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo, acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) had better efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. Based on the SUCRA values, acupuncture ranked first in improving overall clinical efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. CBT ranked first in lowering the scores of IBS symptom severity scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of NPI for improving IBS symptoms, which to some extent recommended several interventions for clinical practice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61871234).
文摘The control of highly contagious disease spreading in campuses is a critical challenge.In residential universities,students attend classes according to a curriculum schedule,and mainly pack into classrooms,dining halls and dorms.They move from one place to another.To simulate such environments,we propose an agent-based susceptible–infected–recovered model with time-varying heterogeneous contact networks.In close environments,maintaining physical distancing is the most widely recommended and encouraged non-pharmaceutical intervention.It can be easily realized by using larger classrooms,adopting staggered dining hours,decreasing the number of students per dorm and so on.Their real-world influence remains uncertain.With numerical simulations,we obtain epidemic thresholds.The effect of such countermeasures on reducing the number of disease cases is also quantitatively evaluated.
文摘In this paper, we aim to use an innovative model to integrate applied work on a fast-acting mind-body intervention, Mind-Body Bridging (MBB), with theoretical work based on psychology and neuroscience. In an affect-object generative inference and regulation (AGIR) model, we propose that functional dynamics between two systems, the affect-object thought generation system and the cognitive control system, can guide an individual to achieve homeostasis within self and harmonious relationships with others. We used Neurosynth (www.neurosynth.org), an automated meta-analysis database, to identify potential brain substrates underlying the key components in the AGIR model. Based on the findings, some brain regions are implicated as the key cortical substrates in this model, corroborating our central hypothesis that a hallmark of mind-body wellbeing can be characterized as a low-frequency anti-correlantion between 1) the cognitive control system including the dorsal anterior/middle cingulate cortex, and 2) the affect-object thought generation system including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. MBB provides an efficient strategy for responding to and dissolving a fundamental problem that impairs mind-body wellbeing, i.e., unrealistic identity-grasping consisting of self-centered embodied expectations of self and others. We demonstrated how theoretical and applied work could be integrated by drawing evidence from the neuroscience literature to support the AGIR model, and then we applied the AGIR model to elucidate how MBB might work.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Emerging(Cross disciplinary)Major Project“Research on Public Risk Perception,Behavior Rules and Countermeasures under Major Public Health Emergencies”,an emerging(crossover)major project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Zhejiang Province in 2021(21XXJC04ZD).
文摘In the context of a global public health crisis,such as COVID-19,developing interventions to improve population health behav-iors has emerged as a pivotal element of health management strategies.The efficacy of various interventions implemented during this period has varied,and the impact of different variables on these intervention outcomes remains to be fully elucidated.This study screened 57 papers(n=47,264)by searching electronic databases and revealed the optimal intervention through pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis,as well as the changes in intervention effectiveness under different conditions.Our research findings indicate that interventions for preventive health behaviors and health-promoting behaviors have significant effects.For preventive health behaviors,the intervention method of health education and low-risk information framework under information intervention was the optimal intervention.For health-promoting behaviors,the exercise intervention and the prosocial information framework with information intervention were the optimal interventions.Accordingly,future research should focus on the in-depth exploration of specific interventions to establish and improve the effectiveness of interventions.
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0503000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301094)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024YFFK0373,2024YFHZ0323,and 2024NSFSC1587)the Chengdu Rongcheng Talent Program in 2023(20103).
文摘Precancers,defined as normal-appearing or morphologically altered tissues with a risk of oncogenesis,exhibit various detectable manifestations across anatomical sites,including epithelial dysplasia,metaplasia,hyperplasia,and stromal fibrosis.Considering the prevailing assumption that most cancers arise from precancers,early intervention at the precancerous stage has immense potential to reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality.However,the complex signaling networks governing precancer initiation and progression remain elusive,hampering the development of effective targeted interventions.This review synthesizes three critical dimensions of precancer biology:historical foundations tracing the conceptual evolution of precancer research over the past century;mechanisms underlying the multistep progression of precancer biology,encompassing epithelial and macro/microenvironmental remodeling;and signaling networks cataloging dysregulated pathways and their therapeutic potential.Over 10 signaling pathways,including the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),p53,Wnt,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways,drive multistep malignant transformation.We further synthesize emerging evidence supporting microenvironmental dominance,proposing the novel“soil degeneration”hypothesis.This paradigm shift underscores the necessity for dual-window intervention in which early-phase microenvironmental normalization prevents the establishment of precancerous lesions and advanced-phase treatment concurrently addresses epithelial malignancy and stromal degeneration.This review bridges foundational molecular discoveries with translational clinical potential and advocates for precision intervention frameworks that extend from biomarker-guided risk assessment to synergistic remodeling of the precancer microenvironment,thereby redefining precancer intervention in the molecularly targeted era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62373264)the Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(No.20&ZD112)the 111 Project under grant agreement B21044.
文摘In the early stage of an infectious disease outbreak,public health strategies tend to gravitate towards non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)given the time required to develop targeted treatments and vaccines.One of the most common NPIs is Test-Trace-Isolate(TTI).One of the factors determining the effectiveness of TTI is the ability to identify contacts of infected individuals.In this study,we propose a multi-layer temporal contact network to model transmission dynamics and assess the impact of different TTI implementations,using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study.The model was used to evaluate TTI effectiveness both in containing an outbreak and mitigating the impact of an epidemic.We estimated that a TTI strategy based on home isolation and testing of both primary and secondary contacts can contain outbreaks only when the reproduction number is up to 1.3,at which the epidemic prevention potential is 88.2%(95%CI:87.9%e88.5%).On the other hand,for higher value of the reproduction number,TTI is estimated to noticeably mitigate disease burden but at high social costs(e.g.,over a month in isolation/quarantine per person for reproduction numbers of 1.7 or higher).We estimated that strategies considering quarantine of contacts have a larger epidemic prevention potential than strategies that either avoid tracing contacts or require contacts to be tested before isolation.Combining TTI with other social distancing measures can improve the likelihood of successfully containing an outbreak but the estimated epidemic prevention potential remains lower than 50%for reproduction numbers higher than 2.1.In conclusion,our model-based evaluation highlights the challenges of relying on TTIs to contain an outbreak of a novel pathogen with characteristics similar to SARS-CoV-2,and that the estimated effectiveness of TTI depends on the way contact patterns are modeled,supporting the relevance of obtaining comprehensive data on human social interactions to improve preparedness.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81374011)
文摘In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new Chinese herbal medicine formulae for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). These herbs have the highest appearance rate in the literature, and their compounds are listed. The human protein–protein interaction network and the T2DM disease protein interaction network were constructed. Then, the related algorithm for network topology was used to perform interventions on the interaction network of disease proteins and normal human proteins to test different Chinese herbal medicine compound combinations, according to the information on the interaction of compounds–targets in two databases, namely TarN et and the Medicinal Plants Database. Results of the intervention scores indicate that the method proposed in this study can provide new effective combinations of Chinese herbal medicines for T2DM. Network pharmacology can effectively promote the modernization and development of TCM.
