Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aseptic meningitis is defined as meningeal inflammation caused by various etio-logies with negative cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)bacterial culture.The most common etiologies are viruses[enteroviruses,arboviruses...BACKGROUND Aseptic meningitis is defined as meningeal inflammation caused by various etio-logies with negative cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)bacterial culture.The most common etiologies are viruses[enteroviruses,arboviruses,and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)].Aseptic meningitis can have various presentations,including sensori-neural deafness.While sensorineural deafness from mumps meningoencephalitis has been reported,cases of HSV-2-induced hearing loss are rare.Herein,we re-port a case of HSV-2-induced meningitis that presented with sudden deafness.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man experienced a profound sudden onset of left-sided hearing loss for one day.Pure-tone audiograms demonstrated sudden left-sided sensorineural hearing loss(thresholds 80-90 dB).After treatment with high-dose steroids for 1 week,he experienced an acute consciousness change with left hemiparesis.The laboratory data showed no significant abnormalities.Brain computed tomography without contrast and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no intracranial hemo-rrhage or obvious brain lesion.The CSF analysis and the Multiplex PCR panels showed HSV-2 positivity.Hence,under the diagnosis of herpes meningoenceph-alitis,acyclovir was prescribed and his symptoms gradually resolved.CONCLUSION This case report further demonstrates that a viral infection could be a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.展开更多
Quercetin is a natural compound with potent antiviral effects;however,its role in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)remains underexplored.Here,we investigated the antiviral effects of quercetin against her...Quercetin is a natural compound with potent antiviral effects;however,its role in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)remains underexplored.Here,we investigated the antiviral effects of quercetin against herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1).By examining different phases of viral infection in human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs),we found that 30μmol/L quercetin inhibits HSV-1 replication primarily by disrupting viral attachment.RNA-sequencing and subsequent analyses revealed that the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)was upregulated by quercetin in a dose-dependent manner.Knocking down Nrf2 partially compromised quercetin's antiviral effect.Importantly,topical application of 100μmol/L quercetin alleviated HSK severity in mice,reduced viral titers in tears,and inhibited VP16 expression in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia.These findings demonstrate the antiviral effect of quercetin against HSV-1 and provide a foundation for mechanistic studies to elucidate its therapeutic potential in HSK.展开更多
This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Fu...This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Furthermore,it briefly reviews the notion of higher-order network topologies and shows their promising potential in application to evaluating the optimality of network synchronizability.展开更多
With the promotion of potatoes as a staple food,the challenge lies in integrating them into traditional staple grain-based diets.As the primary component of grains,starch plays a crucial role,and its interactions with...With the promotion of potatoes as a staple food,the challenge lies in integrating them into traditional staple grain-based diets.As the primary component of grains,starch plays a crucial role,and its interactions with other heterogeneous starches could significantly influence their functional properties.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the role of substitution ratio(SR,0–100%)of potato starch(PS)in the compatibility with wheat starch(WS)from the perspective of microstructure and physicochemical characteristics using the simplex-centroid method.Results of scaning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed the network structure in SR 30%of PS possessed the smallest size and the most compact gel structure.A higher SR of PS increased the solubility and swelling power of the blended WS and improved its freeze-thaw stability.Peak viscosity and gel hardness of the blended WS exhibited an increasing trend as the SR of PS increased.With the increasing SR of PS,the blended WS exhibited an increased tanδvalue with decreased viscous and elastic moduli.There is a non-additive effect between PS and WS,which should be responsible for their difference between experimental and theoretical values.These findings could provide a new direction for understanding the compatibility interactions between different starches,and provide a theoretical guidance for the development of PS-based foods with desirable properties.展开更多
Normal heart function depends on complex regulation by the brain,and abnormalities in the brain‒heart axis affect various diseases,such as myocardial infarction and anxiety disorders.However,systematic tracking of the...Normal heart function depends on complex regulation by the brain,and abnormalities in the brain‒heart axis affect various diseases,such as myocardial infarction and anxiety disorders.However,systematic tracking of the brain regions associated with the input and output of the heart is lacking.In this study,we injected retrograde transsynaptic pseudorabies virus(PRV)and anterograde transsynaptic herpes simplex virus(HSV)into the left ventricular wall of mice to identify the whole-brain regions associated with the input to and output from the heart.We successfully detected PRV and HSV expression in at least 170 brain subregions in both male and female mice.Sex differences were discovered mainly in the hypothalamus and medulla,with male mice exhibiting greater correlation and hierarchical clustering than female mice,indicating reduced similarity and increased modularity of virus expression patterns in male mice.Further graph theory and multiple linear regression analysis of different injection timelines revealed that hub regions of PRV had highly similar clusters,with different brain levels,suggesting a top-down,hierarchically transmitted neural control pattern of the heart.Hub regions of HSV had scattered clusters,with brain regions gathered in the cortex and brainstem,suggesting a bottom-up,leapfrog,multipoint neural sensing pattern of the heart.Both patterns contain many hub brain regions that have been previously overlooked in brain‒heart axis studies.These results provide brain targets for future research and will lead to deeper insight into the brain mechanisms involved in specific heart conditions.展开更多
The Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm is acknowledged as an effective method for rock acoustic emission localization.However,the conventional GWO algorithm encounters challenges related to solution accuracy and con...The Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm is acknowledged as an effective method for rock acoustic emission localization.However,the conventional GWO algorithm encounters challenges related to solution accuracy and convergence speed.To address these concerns,this paper develops a Simplex Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer(SMIGWO)algorithm.The randomly generating initial populations are replaced with the iterative chaotic sequences.The search process is optimized using the convergence factor optimization algorithm based on the inverse incompleteГfunction.The simplex method is utilized to address issues related to poorly positioned grey wolves.Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to the conventional GWO algorithm-based AE localization algorithm,the proposed algorithm achieves a higher solution accuracy and showcases a shorter search time.Additionally,the algorithm demonstrates fewer convergence steps,indicating superior convergence efficiency.These findings highlight that the proposed SMIGWO algorithm offers enhanced solution accuracy,stability,and optimization performance.The benefits of the SMIGWO algorithm extend universally across various materials,such as aluminum,granite,and sandstone,showcasing consistent effectiveness irrespective of material type.Consequently,this algorithm emerges as a highly effective tool for identifying acoustic emission signals and improving the precision of rock acoustic emission localization.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)infection.However,the mechanisms underlying host restriction of HSV-2 infection ...Herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)infection.However,the mechanisms underlying host restriction of HSV-2 infection are still not fully understood.The ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2(UXT-V2),anα-type prefoldin protein,functions as a versatile transcription factor associated with numerous human tumors,but its role in viral infection remains unclear.In this study,we found that ectopic expression of UXT-V2 significantly inhibited HSV-2 replication,while knockout of endogenously expressed UXT-V2 promoted HSV-2 proliferation.Further analysis revealed that UXT-V2 restricts HSV-2 replication independent of its role in regulating NF-κB.In the context of HSV--2 infection or in viral glycoprotein B(gB)-transfected cells,UXT-V2 facilitates K48-linked ubiquitination of gB,leading to its degradation via the proteasome pathway,thereby inhibiting viral replication.Furthermore,we identified that UXT-V2 interacts with gB,recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM21 to facilitate K48-linked ubiquitination of gB.HSV-2,in turn,reduces the abundance of UXT-V2 proteins both in vitro and in mice,highlighting the complexity of HSV-2-host interactions.Collectively,our findings,for the first time,demonstrate an anti-HSV-2 role of UXT-V2,unveiling a novel host immune defense mechanism involved in regulating glycoprotein homeostasis.展开更多
Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central ne...Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.展开更多
Viral reproductive tract infections(VRTIs)are a significant global health concern with severe consequences,including infertility,chronic pelvic pain,and increased risk of HIV transmission.Complex interplay between pat...Viral reproductive tract infections(VRTIs)are a significant global health concern with severe consequences,including infertility,chronic pelvic pain,and increased risk of HIV transmission.Complex interplay between pathogens and the host immune system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of VRTIs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of the immune system in both contributing to and combating VRTIs.The review will also address the consequent perturbations in immune homeostasis and the implications for disease manifestation and progression.The interrelation between systemic immunity and local immune responses is discussed,providing insights into the challenges and breakthroughs in managing these infections.By providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms,implications,and therapeutic strategies associated with viral reproductive tract infections and immune dysfunction,this review also informs future research and clinical practice in this important area of reproductive health.展开更多
The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment options,management,and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).This type of corneal vir...The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment options,management,and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus(HSV),which can affect several tissues,including the cornea.One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea.After the initial infection,the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion,a nerve cluster near the eye.The virus may remain dormant for extended periods.Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur,leading to recurrent episodes of HSK.Factors triggering reactivation include stress,illness,immunosuppression,or trauma.Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns,ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease.The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals.Severe cases of HSK,especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring,can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases.The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision,and scarring can compromise this,potentially leading to visual impairment.The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization.Antiviral medications,such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir,may be prescribed for prophylaxis.The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage.Inflammation,caused by the body's attempt to control the infection,may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues.Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation.In summary,the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.展开更多
Over the last two decades,stochastic optimization algorithms have proved to be a very promising approach to solving a variety of complex optimization problems.Bald eagle search optimization(BES)as a new stochastic opt...Over the last two decades,stochastic optimization algorithms have proved to be a very promising approach to solving a variety of complex optimization problems.Bald eagle search optimization(BES)as a new stochastic optimization algorithm with fast convergence speed has the ability of prominent optimization and the defect of collapsing in the local best.To avoid BES collapse at local optima,inspired by the fact that the volume of the sphere is the largest when the surface area is certain,an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm(INMBES)integrating the random shrinkage mechanism of the sphere is proposed.Firstly,the INMBES embeds spherical coordinates to design a more accurate parameter update method to modify the coverage and dispersion of the population.Secondly,the population splits into elite and non-elite groups and the Bernoulli chaos is applied to elite group to tap around potential solutions of the INMBES.The non-elite group is redistributed again and the Nelder-Mead simplex strategy is applied to each group to accelerate the evolution of the worst individual and the convergence process of the INMBES.The results of Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests of CEC2017 in 10,30,50,and 100 dimensions numerical optimization confirm that the INMBES has superior performance in convergence accuracy and avoiding falling into local optimization compared with other potential improved algorithms but inferior to the champion algorithm and ranking third.The three engineering constraint optimization problems and 26 real world problems and the problem of extracting the best feature subset by encapsulated feature selection method verify that the INMBES’s performance ranks first and has achieved satisfactory accuracy in solving practical problems.展开更多
Acoustic emission(AE)source localization is a fundamental element of rock fracture damage imaging.To improve the efficiency and accuracy of AE source localization,this paper proposes a joint method comprising a three-...Acoustic emission(AE)source localization is a fundamental element of rock fracture damage imaging.To improve the efficiency and accuracy of AE source localization,this paper proposes a joint method comprising a three-dimensional(3D)AE source localization simplex method and grid search scanning.Using the concept of the geometry of simplexes,tetrahedral iterations were first conducted to narrow down the suspected source region.This is followed by a process of meshing the region and node searching to scan for optimal solutions,until the source location is determined.The resulting algorithm was tested using the artificial excitation source localization and uniaxial compression tests,after which the localization results were compared with the simplex and exhaustive methods.The results revealed that the localization obtained using the proposed method is more stable and can be effectively avoided compared with the simplex localization method.Furthermore,compared with the global scanning method,the proposed method is more efficient,with an average time of 10%–20%of the global scanning localization algorithm.Thus,the proposed algorithm is of great significance for laboratory research focused on locating rupture damages sustained by large-sized rock masses or test blocks.展开更多
Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunologica...Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes.Hence,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount importance.Among all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant recipients.These viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical outcome.Recent advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the outcome.This review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.展开更多
Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cav...Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by viruses.Traditionally,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial infection.However,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome investigations.The global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the two.Although the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by bacteria.This review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.展开更多
Extracting photovoltaic(PV)model parameters based on the measured voltage and current information is crucial in the simulation and management of PV systems.To accurately and reliably extract the unknown parameters of ...Extracting photovoltaic(PV)model parameters based on the measured voltage and current information is crucial in the simulation and management of PV systems.To accurately and reliably extract the unknown parameters of different PV models,this paper proposes an improved multi-verse optimizer that integrates an iterative chaos map and the Nelder–Mead simplex method,INMVO.Quantitative experiments verified that the proposed INMVO fueled by both mechanisms has more affluent populations and a more reasonable balance between exploration and exploitation.Further,to verify the feasibility and competitiveness of the proposal,this paper employed INMVO to extract the unknown parameters on single-diode,double-diode,three-diode,and PV module four well-known PV models,and the high-performance techniques are selected for comparison.In addition,the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests were employed to test the experimental results statistically.Various evaluation metrics,such as root means square error,relative error,absolute error,and statistical test,demonstrate that the proposed INMVO works effectively and accurately to extract the unknown parameters on different PV models compared to other techniques.In addition,the capability of INMVO to stably and accurately extract unknown parameters was also verified on three commercial PV modules under different irradiance and temperatures.In conclusion,the proposal in this paper can be implemented as an advanced and reliable tool for extracting the unknown parameters of different PV models.Note that the source code of INMVO is available at https://github.com/woniuzuioupao/INMVO.展开更多
AIM:To explore whether unilateral herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)can cause morphological changes of bilateral meibomian glands(MGs)based on artificial intelligence(AI)analytical system.METHODS:In the retrospective study...AIM:To explore whether unilateral herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)can cause morphological changes of bilateral meibomian glands(MGs)based on artificial intelligence(AI)analytical system.METHODS:In the retrospective study,29 patients with unilateral HSK and 29 participants matched in terms of age and sex were included as control group.Meibographic images of the upper eyelid using Keratograph 5M and assessed ocular surface parameters including tear meniscus height and tear break-up time.MG density and vagueness values were automatically analyzed and calculated using an AI analytical system.We compared the differences between the affected and the contralateral unaffected eyes in HSK patients,and the normal control eyes.We employed either the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare significant difference between the affected and unaffected eyes in HSK patients or between the HSK group and control group.RESULTS:The MG density was 0.19±0.09 in the HSKaffected eye and 0.18±0.07 in contralateral unaffected eye,which had no significant difference(P=0.616).The MG density between the affected eye with HSK and the normal control group was statistically significant(P=0.028).There was a significant difference in MG density between the contralateral unaffected eye and the normal control group(P=0.012).However,no significant difference in vagueness value was observed between the eye with HSK and the control group or between HSK eye and contralateral eye.CONCLUSION:The MG density between the HSKaffected eye and the contralateral unaffected eye don’t significantly differ,whereas there is a significant decrease in the HSK group compared to that of the normal participants.Unilateral HSV keratitis may suffer from bilateral changes of MG morphology indicating bilateral dry eye.Therefore,the fellow eye of patients with unilateral HSK should be considered a potential case of MG dysfunction,necessitating early treatment for bilateral dry eye in the clinic.展开更多
BACKGROUND Facial herpes is a common form of the herpes simplex virus-1 infection and usually presents as vesicles near the mouth,nose,and periocular sites.In contrast,we observed a new facial symptom of herpes on the...BACKGROUND Facial herpes is a common form of the herpes simplex virus-1 infection and usually presents as vesicles near the mouth,nose,and periocular sites.In contrast,we observed a new facial symptom of herpes on the entire face without vesicles.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old woman with a history of varicella infection and shingles since an early age presented with sarcoidosis of the entire face and neuralgia without oral lesions.The patient was prescribed antiviral treatment with valacyclovir and acyclovir cream.One day after drug administration,facial skin lesions and neurological pain improved.Herpes simplex without oral blisters can easily be misdiagnosed as pimples upon visual examination in an outpatient clinic.CONCLUSION As acute herpes simplex is accompanied by neuralgia,prompt diagnosis and prescription are necessary,considering the pathological history and health conditions.展开更多
Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants...Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-Glo<sup>TM</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.展开更多
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘BACKGROUND Aseptic meningitis is defined as meningeal inflammation caused by various etio-logies with negative cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)bacterial culture.The most common etiologies are viruses[enteroviruses,arboviruses,and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)].Aseptic meningitis can have various presentations,including sensori-neural deafness.While sensorineural deafness from mumps meningoencephalitis has been reported,cases of HSV-2-induced hearing loss are rare.Herein,we re-port a case of HSV-2-induced meningitis that presented with sudden deafness.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man experienced a profound sudden onset of left-sided hearing loss for one day.Pure-tone audiograms demonstrated sudden left-sided sensorineural hearing loss(thresholds 80-90 dB).After treatment with high-dose steroids for 1 week,he experienced an acute consciousness change with left hemiparesis.The laboratory data showed no significant abnormalities.Brain computed tomography without contrast and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no intracranial hemo-rrhage or obvious brain lesion.The CSF analysis and the Multiplex PCR panels showed HSV-2 positivity.Hence,under the diagnosis of herpes meningoenceph-alitis,acyclovir was prescribed and his symptoms gradually resolved.CONCLUSION This case report further demonstrates that a viral infection could be a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970848).
文摘Quercetin is a natural compound with potent antiviral effects;however,its role in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)remains underexplored.Here,we investigated the antiviral effects of quercetin against herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1).By examining different phases of viral infection in human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs),we found that 30μmol/L quercetin inhibits HSV-1 replication primarily by disrupting viral attachment.RNA-sequencing and subsequent analyses revealed that the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)was upregulated by quercetin in a dose-dependent manner.Knocking down Nrf2 partially compromised quercetin's antiviral effect.Importantly,topical application of 100μmol/L quercetin alleviated HSK severity in mice,reduced viral titers in tears,and inhibited VP16 expression in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia.These findings demonstrate the antiviral effect of quercetin against HSV-1 and provide a foundation for mechanistic studies to elucidate its therapeutic potential in HSK.
基金Hong Kong Research Grants Council under the GRF(9043664).
文摘This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Furthermore,it briefly reviews the notion of higher-order network topologies and shows their promising potential in application to evaluating the optimality of network synchronizability.
基金Industrial innovation team of Chuzhou CityFengyang County“Fengxiang”talent team+3 种基金Huainan City Science and Technology Plan Project(2023076)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202410879085)the Natural Science Research Projects of Anhui Universities(811904)the Excellent Research and Innovation Team of Anhui Province Universities in 2024(2024AH010007)。
文摘With the promotion of potatoes as a staple food,the challenge lies in integrating them into traditional staple grain-based diets.As the primary component of grains,starch plays a crucial role,and its interactions with other heterogeneous starches could significantly influence their functional properties.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the role of substitution ratio(SR,0–100%)of potato starch(PS)in the compatibility with wheat starch(WS)from the perspective of microstructure and physicochemical characteristics using the simplex-centroid method.Results of scaning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed the network structure in SR 30%of PS possessed the smallest size and the most compact gel structure.A higher SR of PS increased the solubility and swelling power of the blended WS and improved its freeze-thaw stability.Peak viscosity and gel hardness of the blended WS exhibited an increasing trend as the SR of PS increased.With the increasing SR of PS,the blended WS exhibited an increased tanδvalue with decreased viscous and elastic moduli.There is a non-additive effect between PS and WS,which should be responsible for their difference between experimental and theoretical values.These findings could provide a new direction for understanding the compatibility interactions between different starches,and provide a theoretical guidance for the development of PS-based foods with desirable properties.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Project of China(2021ZD0201005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271577,82071536,32394032,and 82221001).
文摘Normal heart function depends on complex regulation by the brain,and abnormalities in the brain‒heart axis affect various diseases,such as myocardial infarction and anxiety disorders.However,systematic tracking of the brain regions associated with the input and output of the heart is lacking.In this study,we injected retrograde transsynaptic pseudorabies virus(PRV)and anterograde transsynaptic herpes simplex virus(HSV)into the left ventricular wall of mice to identify the whole-brain regions associated with the input to and output from the heart.We successfully detected PRV and HSV expression in at least 170 brain subregions in both male and female mice.Sex differences were discovered mainly in the hypothalamus and medulla,with male mice exhibiting greater correlation and hierarchical clustering than female mice,indicating reduced similarity and increased modularity of virus expression patterns in male mice.Further graph theory and multiple linear regression analysis of different injection timelines revealed that hub regions of PRV had highly similar clusters,with different brain levels,suggesting a top-down,hierarchically transmitted neural control pattern of the heart.Hub regions of HSV had scattered clusters,with brain regions gathered in the cortex and brainstem,suggesting a bottom-up,leapfrog,multipoint neural sensing pattern of the heart.Both patterns contain many hub brain regions that have been previously overlooked in brain‒heart axis studies.These results provide brain targets for future research and will lead to deeper insight into the brain mechanisms involved in specific heart conditions.
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China(52304137,5192780752274124,52325403)Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.(2022-2-TDMS012 and SKLIS202417)Sichuan University(SKHL2215).
文摘The Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm is acknowledged as an effective method for rock acoustic emission localization.However,the conventional GWO algorithm encounters challenges related to solution accuracy and convergence speed.To address these concerns,this paper develops a Simplex Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer(SMIGWO)algorithm.The randomly generating initial populations are replaced with the iterative chaotic sequences.The search process is optimized using the convergence factor optimization algorithm based on the inverse incompleteГfunction.The simplex method is utilized to address issues related to poorly positioned grey wolves.Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to the conventional GWO algorithm-based AE localization algorithm,the proposed algorithm achieves a higher solution accuracy and showcases a shorter search time.Additionally,the algorithm demonstrates fewer convergence steps,indicating superior convergence efficiency.These findings highlight that the proposed SMIGWO algorithm offers enhanced solution accuracy,stability,and optimization performance.The benefits of the SMIGWO algorithm extend universally across various materials,such as aluminum,granite,and sandstone,showcasing consistent effectiveness irrespective of material type.Consequently,this algorithm emerges as a highly effective tool for identifying acoustic emission signals and improving the precision of rock acoustic emission localization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472272 and 82171736)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2304301 and 2023YFC2306600).
文摘Herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)infection.However,the mechanisms underlying host restriction of HSV-2 infection are still not fully understood.The ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2(UXT-V2),anα-type prefoldin protein,functions as a versatile transcription factor associated with numerous human tumors,but its role in viral infection remains unclear.In this study,we found that ectopic expression of UXT-V2 significantly inhibited HSV-2 replication,while knockout of endogenously expressed UXT-V2 promoted HSV-2 proliferation.Further analysis revealed that UXT-V2 restricts HSV-2 replication independent of its role in regulating NF-κB.In the context of HSV--2 infection or in viral glycoprotein B(gB)-transfected cells,UXT-V2 facilitates K48-linked ubiquitination of gB,leading to its degradation via the proteasome pathway,thereby inhibiting viral replication.Furthermore,we identified that UXT-V2 interacts with gB,recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM21 to facilitate K48-linked ubiquitination of gB.HSV-2,in turn,reduces the abundance of UXT-V2 proteins both in vitro and in mice,highlighting the complexity of HSV-2-host interactions.Collectively,our findings,for the first time,demonstrate an anti-HSV-2 role of UXT-V2,unveiling a novel host immune defense mechanism involved in regulating glycoprotein homeostasis.
基金supported by funds from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Brasil(CNPq)(312286/2023-6,307201/2023-6,and Instituto Nacional Saude Cerebral INSC,No.406020/2022-1)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ(E-26/010.002260/2019,E-26/010.001652/2019,E-26/010.101036/2018,E-26/202.774/2018,E-26/210.240/2020,E-26/211.138/2021,26/210.823/2021,E-26/211.325/2021,E-26/210.779/2021,E-26/201.086/2022,E-26/210.312/2022,E-26/203.262/2023,E-26/200.195/2023)(to LEBS)。
文摘Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.
基金supported by the Universiti Malaya ArtScience Fellowship Grant(UMG004-2024IAS)UM Community Engagement Grant 2023(Project RUU002-23KS).
文摘Viral reproductive tract infections(VRTIs)are a significant global health concern with severe consequences,including infertility,chronic pelvic pain,and increased risk of HIV transmission.Complex interplay between pathogens and the host immune system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of VRTIs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of the immune system in both contributing to and combating VRTIs.The review will also address the consequent perturbations in immune homeostasis and the implications for disease manifestation and progression.The interrelation between systemic immunity and local immune responses is discussed,providing insights into the challenges and breakthroughs in managing these infections.By providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms,implications,and therapeutic strategies associated with viral reproductive tract infections and immune dysfunction,this review also informs future research and clinical practice in this important area of reproductive health.
文摘The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment options,management,and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus(HSV),which can affect several tissues,including the cornea.One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea.After the initial infection,the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion,a nerve cluster near the eye.The virus may remain dormant for extended periods.Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur,leading to recurrent episodes of HSK.Factors triggering reactivation include stress,illness,immunosuppression,or trauma.Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns,ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease.The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals.Severe cases of HSK,especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring,can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases.The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision,and scarring can compromise this,potentially leading to visual impairment.The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization.Antiviral medications,such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir,may be prescribed for prophylaxis.The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage.Inflammation,caused by the body's attempt to control the infection,may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues.Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation.In summary,the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.61976176.
文摘Over the last two decades,stochastic optimization algorithms have proved to be a very promising approach to solving a variety of complex optimization problems.Bald eagle search optimization(BES)as a new stochastic optimization algorithm with fast convergence speed has the ability of prominent optimization and the defect of collapsing in the local best.To avoid BES collapse at local optima,inspired by the fact that the volume of the sphere is the largest when the surface area is certain,an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm(INMBES)integrating the random shrinkage mechanism of the sphere is proposed.Firstly,the INMBES embeds spherical coordinates to design a more accurate parameter update method to modify the coverage and dispersion of the population.Secondly,the population splits into elite and non-elite groups and the Bernoulli chaos is applied to elite group to tap around potential solutions of the INMBES.The non-elite group is redistributed again and the Nelder-Mead simplex strategy is applied to each group to accelerate the evolution of the worst individual and the convergence process of the INMBES.The results of Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests of CEC2017 in 10,30,50,and 100 dimensions numerical optimization confirm that the INMBES has superior performance in convergence accuracy and avoiding falling into local optimization compared with other potential improved algorithms but inferior to the champion algorithm and ranking third.The three engineering constraint optimization problems and 26 real world problems and the problem of extracting the best feature subset by encapsulated feature selection method verify that the INMBES’s performance ranks first and has achieved satisfactory accuracy in solving practical problems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420596)China Railway Science and Technology Innovation Program Funded Project(CZ02-Special-03)Science and Technology Innovation Project funded by China Railway Tunnel Group(Tunnel Research 2021-03)。
文摘Acoustic emission(AE)source localization is a fundamental element of rock fracture damage imaging.To improve the efficiency and accuracy of AE source localization,this paper proposes a joint method comprising a three-dimensional(3D)AE source localization simplex method and grid search scanning.Using the concept of the geometry of simplexes,tetrahedral iterations were first conducted to narrow down the suspected source region.This is followed by a process of meshing the region and node searching to scan for optimal solutions,until the source location is determined.The resulting algorithm was tested using the artificial excitation source localization and uniaxial compression tests,after which the localization results were compared with the simplex and exhaustive methods.The results revealed that the localization obtained using the proposed method is more stable and can be effectively avoided compared with the simplex localization method.Furthermore,compared with the global scanning method,the proposed method is more efficient,with an average time of 10%–20%of the global scanning localization algorithm.Thus,the proposed algorithm is of great significance for laboratory research focused on locating rupture damages sustained by large-sized rock masses or test blocks.
文摘Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes.Hence,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount importance.Among all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant recipients.These viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical outcome.Recent advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the outcome.This review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
文摘Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by viruses.Traditionally,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial infection.However,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome investigations.The global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the two.Although the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by bacteria.This review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY21F020001,LZ22F020005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62076185)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou,China(ZG2020026).
文摘Extracting photovoltaic(PV)model parameters based on the measured voltage and current information is crucial in the simulation and management of PV systems.To accurately and reliably extract the unknown parameters of different PV models,this paper proposes an improved multi-verse optimizer that integrates an iterative chaos map and the Nelder–Mead simplex method,INMVO.Quantitative experiments verified that the proposed INMVO fueled by both mechanisms has more affluent populations and a more reasonable balance between exploration and exploitation.Further,to verify the feasibility and competitiveness of the proposal,this paper employed INMVO to extract the unknown parameters on single-diode,double-diode,three-diode,and PV module four well-known PV models,and the high-performance techniques are selected for comparison.In addition,the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests were employed to test the experimental results statistically.Various evaluation metrics,such as root means square error,relative error,absolute error,and statistical test,demonstrate that the proposed INMVO works effectively and accurately to extract the unknown parameters on different PV models compared to other techniques.In addition,the capability of INMVO to stably and accurately extract unknown parameters was also verified on three commercial PV modules under different irradiance and temperatures.In conclusion,the proposal in this paper can be implemented as an advanced and reliable tool for extracting the unknown parameters of different PV models.Note that the source code of INMVO is available at https://github.com/woniuzuioupao/INMVO.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science Technology Program,Health Commission of Zhejiang Province(No.2022PY074)Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou City(No.Y2020335).
文摘AIM:To explore whether unilateral herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)can cause morphological changes of bilateral meibomian glands(MGs)based on artificial intelligence(AI)analytical system.METHODS:In the retrospective study,29 patients with unilateral HSK and 29 participants matched in terms of age and sex were included as control group.Meibographic images of the upper eyelid using Keratograph 5M and assessed ocular surface parameters including tear meniscus height and tear break-up time.MG density and vagueness values were automatically analyzed and calculated using an AI analytical system.We compared the differences between the affected and the contralateral unaffected eyes in HSK patients,and the normal control eyes.We employed either the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare significant difference between the affected and unaffected eyes in HSK patients or between the HSK group and control group.RESULTS:The MG density was 0.19±0.09 in the HSKaffected eye and 0.18±0.07 in contralateral unaffected eye,which had no significant difference(P=0.616).The MG density between the affected eye with HSK and the normal control group was statistically significant(P=0.028).There was a significant difference in MG density between the contralateral unaffected eye and the normal control group(P=0.012).However,no significant difference in vagueness value was observed between the eye with HSK and the control group or between HSK eye and contralateral eye.CONCLUSION:The MG density between the HSKaffected eye and the contralateral unaffected eye don’t significantly differ,whereas there is a significant decrease in the HSK group compared to that of the normal participants.Unilateral HSV keratitis may suffer from bilateral changes of MG morphology indicating bilateral dry eye.Therefore,the fellow eye of patients with unilateral HSK should be considered a potential case of MG dysfunction,necessitating early treatment for bilateral dry eye in the clinic.
文摘BACKGROUND Facial herpes is a common form of the herpes simplex virus-1 infection and usually presents as vesicles near the mouth,nose,and periocular sites.In contrast,we observed a new facial symptom of herpes on the entire face without vesicles.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old woman with a history of varicella infection and shingles since an early age presented with sarcoidosis of the entire face and neuralgia without oral lesions.The patient was prescribed antiviral treatment with valacyclovir and acyclovir cream.One day after drug administration,facial skin lesions and neurological pain improved.Herpes simplex without oral blisters can easily be misdiagnosed as pimples upon visual examination in an outpatient clinic.CONCLUSION As acute herpes simplex is accompanied by neuralgia,prompt diagnosis and prescription are necessary,considering the pathological history and health conditions.
文摘Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-Glo<sup>TM</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.
