Potassium methyl siliconate （PMS） was investigated as a simple physicochemical modification in aged paper using silane coupling technique. The PMS-based solution was shown to favor penetration in the cellulose fiber...Potassium methyl siliconate （PMS） was investigated as a simple physicochemical modification in aged paper using silane coupling technique. The PMS-based solution was shown to favor penetration in the cellulose fibers on the paper with suitable uptakes being achieved at low concentrations. The studies of the physicochemical properties of the treated paper （mechanical strength and alkalinity） demonstrated that, besides the required deacidification feature and high level of alkali reserves, the immersion treatment by PMS allowed the enhancement of the mechanical intensities of paper arising from the interaction between Si--OH generated in hydrolysis of PMS and C--OH of cellulose on the paper. Adding ethanol into PMS solution could significantly improve mechanical properties of the aged paper treated by the formula apart from modifying the flatness of the paper. Optimized treatment process was achieved by altering the ratio of ethanol to water in PMS-based solutions. Contact angle measurements indicated the occurrence of hydrophobic character of the papers in immersion treatment with PMS-based solutions. The easy availability of the materials and simplicity of the method rendered it convenient for treatment for aged paper documents.展开更多
The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analys...The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.展开更多
The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbi...The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.展开更多
To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.T...To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.展开更多
Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that...Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that involve carbon composites or nanostructures,primarily due to the un-controllable effects arising from the substantial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)during the cycling.Here,an ultra-thin and homogeneous Ti doping alumina oxide catalytic interface is meticulously applied on the porous Si through a synergistic etching and hydrolysis process.This defect-rich oxide interface promotes a selective adsorption of fluoroethylene carbonate,leading to a catalytic reaction that can be aptly described as“molecular concentration-in situ conversion”.The resultant inorganic-rich SEI layer is electrochemical stable and favors ion-transport,particularly at high-rate cycling and high temperature.The robustly shielded porous Si,with a large surface area,achieves a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7%and delivers exceptional high-rate performance at 25 A g^(−1)(692 mAh g^(−1))and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 1000 cycles.The robust SEI constructed through a precious catalytic layer promises significant advantages for the fast development of silicon-based anode in fast-charging batteries.展开更多
Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)have been used in a wide variety of applications over the past few decades due to their excellent material properties.The only drawback is the high production cost of SiNWs.The preparation of S...Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)have been used in a wide variety of applications over the past few decades due to their excellent material properties.The only drawback is the high production cost of SiNWs.The preparation of SiNWs from photovoltaic waste silicon(WSi)powders,which are high-volume industrial wastes,not only avoids the secondary energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by complicated recycling methods,but also realizes its high-value utilization.Herein,we present a method to rapidly convert photovoltaic WSi powders into SiNWs products.The flash heating and quenching provided by carbothermal shock induce the production of free silicon atoms from the WSi powders,which are rapidly reorganized and assembled into SiNWs during the vapor-phase process.This method allows for the one-step composite of SiNWs and carbon cloth(CC)and the formation of SiC at the interface of the silicon(Si)and carbon(C)contact to create a stable chemical connection.The obtained SiNWs-CC(SiNWs@CC)composites can be directly used as lithium anodes,exhibiting high initial coulombic efficiency(86.4%)and stable cycling specific capacity(2437.4 mA h g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)after 165 cycles).In addition,various SiNWs@C composite electrodes are easily prepared using this method.展开更多
This study addresses the challenge of real-time resistivity gradient measurement in the Czochralski(CZ)silicon production process.Due to the inability to directly measure this parameter,we propose a Long Short-Term Me...This study addresses the challenge of real-time resistivity gradient measurement in the Czochralski(CZ)silicon production process.Due to the inability to directly measure this parameter,we propose a Long Short-Term Memory soft-sensing model based on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and attention mechanism(CNN-ALSTM)that enhances traditional LSTM by integrating CNN and attention mechanism to overcome time lag variations during silicon pulling.The CNN module extracts spatial features from multi-source sensor data,while the attention-enhanced LSTM(ALSTM)dynamically adjusts historical parameter weights,enabling accurate resistivity gradient prediction.Experiments with real production data show that CNN-ALSTM outperforms SVR,FNN,RNN,XGBoost,and GRU,improving prediction accuracy by 11.76%,16.67%,21.05%,30.23%,and 9.09%,respectively.This soft-sensing approach enhances real-time monitoring and optimization of monocrystalline silicon growth.展开更多
To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the vario...To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.展开更多
Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes...Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.展开更多
Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability an...Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability and short service life.To address these issues,low-phenyl silicone rubber was prepared and tested,and the finite element analysis and experimental studies on the sealing performance of its sealing rings were carried out.Design/methodology/approach–The low-temperature resistance and thermal stability of the prepared lowphenyl silicone rubber were studied using low-temperature tensile testing,differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis.The sealing performance of the lowphenyl silicone rubber sealing ring was studied by using finite element analysis software abaqus and experiments.Findings–The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring possessed excellent low-temperature resistance and thermal stability.According to the finite element analysis results,the finish of the flange sealing surface and groove outer edge should be ensured,and extrusion damage should be avoided.The sealing rings were more susceptible to damage in high compression ratio and/or low-temperature environments.When the sealing effect was ensured,a small compression ratio should be selected,and rubbers with hardness and elasticity less affected by temperature should be selected.The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring had zero leakage at both room temperature(RT)and�508C.Originality/value–The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for the future development of the sealing rings used in the brake pipe flange joints of the railway freight cars in China.展开更多
[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hyd...[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.展开更多
Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on...Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on traditional thermal processing or direct ink writing three-dimensional(3D)printing.These methods are not conducive to manufacturing complex structures and present challenges such as time inefficiency,poor accuracy,and the necessity of multiple steps,significantly limiting SR applications.In this study,we developed an SR-based ink suitable for vat photopolymerization 3D printing using a multi-thiol monomer.This ink enables the one-step fabrication of complex architectures with high printing resolution at the micrometer scale,providing excellent mechanical strength and superior chemical stability.Specifically,the optimized 3D printing SR-20 exhibits a tensile stress of 1.96 MPa,an elongation at break of 487.9%,and an elastic modulus of 225.4 kPa.Additionally,the 3D-printed SR samples can withstand various solvents(acetone,toluene,and tetrahydrofuran)and endure temperatures ranging from-50℃ to 180℃,demonstrating superior stability.As a emonstration of the application,we successfully fabricated a series of SR-based soft pneumatic actuators and grippers in a single step with this technology,allowing for free assembly for the first time.This ultraviolet-curable SR,with high printing resolution and exceptional stability performance,has significant potential to enhance the capabilities of 3D printing for applications in soft actuators,robotics,flexible electronics,and medical devices.展开更多
Constructing silicon(Si)-based composite electrodes that possess high energy density,long cycle life,and fast charging capability simultaneously is critical for the development of high performance lithium-ion batterie...Constructing silicon(Si)-based composite electrodes that possess high energy density,long cycle life,and fast charging capability simultaneously is critical for the development of high performance lithium-ion batteries for mitigating range anxiety and slow charging issues in new energy vehicles.Herein,a thick silicon/carbon composite electrode with vertically aligned channels in the thickness direction(VC-SC)is constructed by employing a bubble formation method.Both experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations confirm that the obtained vertical channel structure can effectively address the problem of sluggish ion transport caused by high tortuosity in conventional thick electrodes,conspicuously enhance reaction kinetics,reduce polarization and side reactions,mitigate stress,increase the utilization of active materials,and promote cycling stability of the thick electrode.Consequently,when paired with LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622),the VC-SC||NCM622 pouch type full cell(~6.0 mAh cm^(-2))exhibits significantly improved rate performance and capacity retention compared with the SC||NCM622 full cell with the conventional silicon/carbon composite electrode without channels(SC)as the anode.The assembled VC-SC||NCM622 pouch full cell with a high energy density of 490.3 Wh kg^(-1)also reveals a remarkable fast charging capability at a high current density of 2.0 mA cm^(-2),with a capacity retention of 72.0%after 500 cycles.展开更多
Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell ...Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.展开更多
Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency ...Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic,perovskite,and tandem cells.The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices,device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions,and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory.Employing internationally advanced numerical methods,the platform accurately,rapidly,and efficiently solves optical absorption,electrical transport,and compact circuit models.It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from“materials to devices to circuits”with fully independent intellectual property rights.Compared to commercial softwares,the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude.Additionally,it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells,such as quantum tunneling,exciton dissociation,and ion migration.展开更多
Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansi...Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansion often results in electrode disintegration and capacity loss.Herein,a microporous Si anode with the SiO_(x)/C layer functionalized all-surface and high tap density(~0.65 g cm^(-3))is developed by the hydrolysis-driven strategy that avoids the common use of corrosive etchants and toxic siloxane reagents.The functionalized inner pore with superior structural stability can effectively alleviate the volume change and enhance the electrolyte contact.Simultaneously,the outer particle surface forms a continuous network that prevents electrolyte parasitic decomposition,disperses the interface stress of Si matrix and facilitates electron/ion transport.As a result,the micron-sized Si anode shows only~9.94 GPa average stress at full lithiation state and delivers an impressive capacity of 901.1 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also performs excellent rate performance of 1123.0 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)and 850.4 at 8 A g^(-1),far exceeding most of reported literatures.Furthermore,when paired with a commercial LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),the pouch cell demonstrates high capacity and desirable cyclic performance.展开更多
Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the...Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.展开更多
【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference fo...【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.展开更多
Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive en...Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive environments.Consequently,components like crucibles,susceptors and wafer carriers require carbon-based materials such as graphite and carbon-carbon composites.However,traditional carbon materials underperform in these extreme conditions,failing to effectively address the challenges.This leads to issues including product contamination and shortened equipment lifespan.Therefore,effective protection of carbon materials is crucial.This paper reviews current research status on the preparation methods and properties of corrosion-resistant coatings within relevant domestic and international fields.Preparation methods include various techniques such as physical vapor deposition(PVD),chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and the sol-gel method.Furthermore,it offers perspectives on future research directions for corrosion-resistant coated components in semiconductor equipment.These include exploring novel coating materials,improving coating preparation processes,enhancing coating corrosion resistance,as well as further investigating the interfacial interactions between coatings and carbon substrates to achieve better adhesion and compatibility.展开更多
Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at hig...Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20876169)
文摘Potassium methyl siliconate （PMS） was investigated as a simple physicochemical modification in aged paper using silane coupling technique. The PMS-based solution was shown to favor penetration in the cellulose fibers on the paper with suitable uptakes being achieved at low concentrations. The studies of the physicochemical properties of the treated paper （mechanical strength and alkalinity） demonstrated that, besides the required deacidification feature and high level of alkali reserves, the immersion treatment by PMS allowed the enhancement of the mechanical intensities of paper arising from the interaction between Si--OH generated in hydrolysis of PMS and C--OH of cellulose on the paper. Adding ethanol into PMS solution could significantly improve mechanical properties of the aged paper treated by the formula apart from modifying the flatness of the paper. Optimized treatment process was achieved by altering the ratio of ethanol to water in PMS-based solutions. Contact angle measurements indicated the occurrence of hydrophobic character of the papers in immersion treatment with PMS-based solutions. The easy availability of the materials and simplicity of the method rendered it convenient for treatment for aged paper documents.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40616)。
文摘The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52436008)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Projects,China(Nos.JMRHZX20210003 and 2023YFCY0009)+3 种基金the Huaneng Group Co Ltd.,China(No.HNKJ23-H50)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408044)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761877)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2024YFD2200039)。
文摘The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0302502 for WZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365210 for WZ)+1 种基金Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program (for WZ)the project of Tsinghua University-Zhuhai Huafa Industrial Share Company Joint Institute for Architecture Optoelectronic Technologies (JIAOT,for YH)。
文摘To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.
基金the National Key R&D Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFE0122400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002238,22102207)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1423800,21ZR1465200,23ZR1423600)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(B49G680115).
文摘Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that involve carbon composites or nanostructures,primarily due to the un-controllable effects arising from the substantial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)during the cycling.Here,an ultra-thin and homogeneous Ti doping alumina oxide catalytic interface is meticulously applied on the porous Si through a synergistic etching and hydrolysis process.This defect-rich oxide interface promotes a selective adsorption of fluoroethylene carbonate,leading to a catalytic reaction that can be aptly described as“molecular concentration-in situ conversion”.The resultant inorganic-rich SEI layer is electrochemical stable and favors ion-transport,particularly at high-rate cycling and high temperature.The robustly shielded porous Si,with a large surface area,achieves a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7%and delivers exceptional high-rate performance at 25 A g^(−1)(692 mAh g^(−1))and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 1000 cycles.The robust SEI constructed through a precious catalytic layer promises significant advantages for the fast development of silicon-based anode in fast-charging batteries.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074255,52274412)。
文摘Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)have been used in a wide variety of applications over the past few decades due to their excellent material properties.The only drawback is the high production cost of SiNWs.The preparation of SiNWs from photovoltaic waste silicon(WSi)powders,which are high-volume industrial wastes,not only avoids the secondary energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by complicated recycling methods,but also realizes its high-value utilization.Herein,we present a method to rapidly convert photovoltaic WSi powders into SiNWs products.The flash heating and quenching provided by carbothermal shock induce the production of free silicon atoms from the WSi powders,which are rapidly reorganized and assembled into SiNWs during the vapor-phase process.This method allows for the one-step composite of SiNWs and carbon cloth(CC)and the formation of SiC at the interface of the silicon(Si)and carbon(C)contact to create a stable chemical connection.The obtained SiNWs-CC(SiNWs@CC)composites can be directly used as lithium anodes,exhibiting high initial coulombic efficiency(86.4%)and stable cycling specific capacity(2437.4 mA h g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)after 165 cycles).In addition,various SiNWs@C composite electrodes are easily prepared using this method.
文摘This study addresses the challenge of real-time resistivity gradient measurement in the Czochralski(CZ)silicon production process.Due to the inability to directly measure this parameter,we propose a Long Short-Term Memory soft-sensing model based on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and attention mechanism(CNN-ALSTM)that enhances traditional LSTM by integrating CNN and attention mechanism to overcome time lag variations during silicon pulling.The CNN module extracts spatial features from multi-source sensor data,while the attention-enhanced LSTM(ALSTM)dynamically adjusts historical parameter weights,enabling accurate resistivity gradient prediction.Experiments with real production data show that CNN-ALSTM outperforms SVR,FNN,RNN,XGBoost,and GRU,improving prediction accuracy by 11.76%,16.67%,21.05%,30.23%,and 9.09%,respectively.This soft-sensing approach enhances real-time monitoring and optimization of monocrystalline silicon growth.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LQ24F040007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A2075)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(Grant No.sklpme2024-1-21).
文摘To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22008256)。
文摘Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of the China State Railway Group Company Limited(No.Q2023J012).
文摘Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability and short service life.To address these issues,low-phenyl silicone rubber was prepared and tested,and the finite element analysis and experimental studies on the sealing performance of its sealing rings were carried out.Design/methodology/approach–The low-temperature resistance and thermal stability of the prepared lowphenyl silicone rubber were studied using low-temperature tensile testing,differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis.The sealing performance of the lowphenyl silicone rubber sealing ring was studied by using finite element analysis software abaqus and experiments.Findings–The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring possessed excellent low-temperature resistance and thermal stability.According to the finite element analysis results,the finish of the flange sealing surface and groove outer edge should be ensured,and extrusion damage should be avoided.The sealing rings were more susceptible to damage in high compression ratio and/or low-temperature environments.When the sealing effect was ensured,a small compression ratio should be selected,and rubbers with hardness and elasticity less affected by temperature should be selected.The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring had zero leakage at both room temperature(RT)and�508C.Originality/value–The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for the future development of the sealing rings used in the brake pipe flange joints of the railway freight cars in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4202503)the cooperation project between Three Gorges Corporation and Nankai University(202103571)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(U21A2072)the National Science Foundation(62274099,62104115)Tianjin Science and Technology Project(24ZXZSSS00160)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202302A0370009)the China Higher Education Discipline Innovation Overseas Expert Introduction Project(B16027)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformationsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University。
文摘[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0470303)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4600102and 2023YFE0209900)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175201 and 51935012)the science and technology projects of Gansu province(22JR5RA093,24JRRA044,24YFFA014 and 24ZDGA014)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of YEDA(2021TD007)the special supporting project for provincial leading talents of Yantaithe Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Silicone rubber(SR)is a versatile material widely used across various advanced functional applications,such as soft actuators and robots,flexible electronics,and medical devices.However,most SR molding methods rely on traditional thermal processing or direct ink writing three-dimensional(3D)printing.These methods are not conducive to manufacturing complex structures and present challenges such as time inefficiency,poor accuracy,and the necessity of multiple steps,significantly limiting SR applications.In this study,we developed an SR-based ink suitable for vat photopolymerization 3D printing using a multi-thiol monomer.This ink enables the one-step fabrication of complex architectures with high printing resolution at the micrometer scale,providing excellent mechanical strength and superior chemical stability.Specifically,the optimized 3D printing SR-20 exhibits a tensile stress of 1.96 MPa,an elongation at break of 487.9%,and an elastic modulus of 225.4 kPa.Additionally,the 3D-printed SR samples can withstand various solvents(acetone,toluene,and tetrahydrofuran)and endure temperatures ranging from-50℃ to 180℃,demonstrating superior stability.As a emonstration of the application,we successfully fabricated a series of SR-based soft pneumatic actuators and grippers in a single step with this technology,allowing for free assembly for the first time.This ultraviolet-curable SR,with high printing resolution and exceptional stability performance,has significant potential to enhance the capabilities of 3D printing for applications in soft actuators,robotics,flexible electronics,and medical devices.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB2503900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:12172143Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20220818100418040,JCYJ20220530160816038。
文摘Constructing silicon(Si)-based composite electrodes that possess high energy density,long cycle life,and fast charging capability simultaneously is critical for the development of high performance lithium-ion batteries for mitigating range anxiety and slow charging issues in new energy vehicles.Herein,a thick silicon/carbon composite electrode with vertically aligned channels in the thickness direction(VC-SC)is constructed by employing a bubble formation method.Both experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations confirm that the obtained vertical channel structure can effectively address the problem of sluggish ion transport caused by high tortuosity in conventional thick electrodes,conspicuously enhance reaction kinetics,reduce polarization and side reactions,mitigate stress,increase the utilization of active materials,and promote cycling stability of the thick electrode.Consequently,when paired with LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622),the VC-SC||NCM622 pouch type full cell(~6.0 mAh cm^(-2))exhibits significantly improved rate performance and capacity retention compared with the SC||NCM622 full cell with the conventional silicon/carbon composite electrode without channels(SC)as the anode.The assembled VC-SC||NCM622 pouch full cell with a high energy density of 490.3 Wh kg^(-1)also reveals a remarkable fast charging capability at a high current density of 2.0 mA cm^(-2),with a capacity retention of 72.0%after 500 cycles.
文摘Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(Grant No.202203092)。
文摘Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic,perovskite,and tandem cells.The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices,device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions,and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory.Employing internationally advanced numerical methods,the platform accurately,rapidly,and efficiently solves optical absorption,electrical transport,and compact circuit models.It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from“materials to devices to circuits”with fully independent intellectual property rights.Compared to commercial softwares,the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude.Additionally,it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells,such as quantum tunneling,exciton dissociation,and ion migration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(Nos.52271213,52202299).
文摘Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansion often results in electrode disintegration and capacity loss.Herein,a microporous Si anode with the SiO_(x)/C layer functionalized all-surface and high tap density(~0.65 g cm^(-3))is developed by the hydrolysis-driven strategy that avoids the common use of corrosive etchants and toxic siloxane reagents.The functionalized inner pore with superior structural stability can effectively alleviate the volume change and enhance the electrolyte contact.Simultaneously,the outer particle surface forms a continuous network that prevents electrolyte parasitic decomposition,disperses the interface stress of Si matrix and facilitates electron/ion transport.As a result,the micron-sized Si anode shows only~9.94 GPa average stress at full lithiation state and delivers an impressive capacity of 901.1 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also performs excellent rate performance of 1123.0 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)and 850.4 at 8 A g^(-1),far exceeding most of reported literatures.Furthermore,when paired with a commercial LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),the pouch cell demonstrates high capacity and desirable cyclic performance.
文摘Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.
基金Key Research project of Gansu Province of China(22YF7NA108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860549)+1 种基金Industry Supporting Project from Education Department of Gansu Province(2023CYZC-49)Major Science and Technology project of Gansu province(24ZDNA006)。
文摘【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002196,12102140)。
文摘Semiconductors and related fields today hold vast application prospects.The semiconductor wafer fabrication process involves steps such as substrate preparation and epitaxy,which occur in high-temperature corrosive environments.Consequently,components like crucibles,susceptors and wafer carriers require carbon-based materials such as graphite and carbon-carbon composites.However,traditional carbon materials underperform in these extreme conditions,failing to effectively address the challenges.This leads to issues including product contamination and shortened equipment lifespan.Therefore,effective protection of carbon materials is crucial.This paper reviews current research status on the preparation methods and properties of corrosion-resistant coatings within relevant domestic and international fields.Preparation methods include various techniques such as physical vapor deposition(PVD),chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and the sol-gel method.Furthermore,it offers perspectives on future research directions for corrosion-resistant coated components in semiconductor equipment.These include exploring novel coating materials,improving coating preparation processes,enhancing coating corrosion resistance,as well as further investigating the interfacial interactions between coatings and carbon substrates to achieve better adhesion and compatibility.
文摘Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.
