The influence of Ce addition on the solidification structure and σphase of super austenitic stainless steel S32654 was systematically investigated via microstructural characterization and thermodynamic calcula- tion....The influence of Ce addition on the solidification structure and σphase of super austenitic stainless steel S32654 was systematically investigated via microstructural characterization and thermodynamic calcula- tion. The results indicate that a small addition of Ce could modify MgO and MnS into Ce-bearing inclu- sions Ce_(2)O_(3)and Ce_(2)O_(2)S. Ce addition led to noticeable refinement of both the dendrite structure and σphase. The refinement mechanism could be attributed to the combined actions of effective Ce-bearing inclusions and solute Ce. Effective Ce-bearing inclusions could serve as heterogeneous nucleation cores of austenite as well as σphase, which provided a favorable prerequisite for their refinement. Solute Ce significantly enhanced the undercooling degree of the system, further promoting dendrite structure re- finement. Meanwhile, solute Ce improved the eutectic precipitation conditions of σphase and further promoted its nucleation, while the dendrite refinement limited its growth space. Finally, more fine and dispersed σphase particles formed in S32654 with Ce addition. The refinement of dendrite structure and σ phase will reduce the temperature and time required for high-temperature homogenization, which is beneficial to the hot working of this steel.展开更多
ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 Duplex Stainless Steel （DSS） was solution treated at 1,060 ℃ for 3 h,followed by water cooling. Tempering treatments were conducted at 720, 750 and 780 ℃, respectively, for 16 h,followed by air co...ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 Duplex Stainless Steel （DSS） was solution treated at 1,060 ℃ for 3 h,followed by water cooling. Tempering treatments were conducted at 720, 750 and 780 ℃, respectively, for 16 h,followed by air cooling. The microstructures of ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 duplex stainless steel samples treated at different tempering temperatures were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersal spectroscopy （EDS）, and the phase consitutions were analyzed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effects of the precipitation of sigma （σ） phase on the duplex phase percentage, hardness, impact toughness and corrosion resistance of the DSS were studied. Results showed that microstructures of ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 after solution treatment consists of ferrite （α） phase and austenite （γ） phase; after being tempered at different temperatures,σ phase appeared due to a eutectoid-type reaction of α→σ＋γ2 during tempering treatment. It was observed that σ phase distributed along the grain boundary. The volume fraction of σ and γ phases increased with increasing tempering temperature in the range of 720 to 780 oC, whereas the volume fraction of α phase showed the opposite trend. When the percentage of σ phase increased, the hardness of steel also increased. In the solution treated steel, hardness was measured to be only 244.0 HB, because σ phase did not appear. However, itincreased to 391.8 HB when the DSS was tempered at 780 oC because a great of deal of σ phase appeared. The impact toughness and corrosion resistance of DSS decreased when the percentage of σ phase increased.展开更多
In this work, the non-isothermal dissolution kinetics of the sigma phase in duplex stainless steels has been studied and modelled. A semi-empirical model is proposed to describe the kinetics of sigma phase precipitati...In this work, the non-isothermal dissolution kinetics of the sigma phase in duplex stainless steels has been studied and modelled. A semi-empirical model is proposed to describe the kinetics of sigma phase precipitation/dissolution during continuous heating starting from the isothermal transformation kinetics. The proposed model, which presumes validity of the additivity rule, is validated by means of experimental investigations. A good agreement is found between experimental and analytical results.展开更多
The chirality structure of a single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)strongly depends on the composition of catalyst used in the chemical vapor deposition process.In this study,we develop a porous magnesia supported mangan...The chirality structure of a single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)strongly depends on the composition of catalyst used in the chemical vapor deposition process.In this study,we develop a porous magnesia supported manganese-rhenium(MnRe/MgO)catalyst for chirality-selective synthesis of SWNTs.Detailed characterizations reveal that(6,5)tubes with a selectivity higher than 70%are grown from the Re-rich MnRe/MgO catalyst.By comparing the SWNT growth results with those of monometallic Mn or Re,the formation of sigma phase,an intermetallic compound occurring in transition-metal alloy systems,is revealed to be crucial for the dominant synthesis of(6,5)SWNTs.This work not only extends the application of sigma phase alloy for catalytic synthesis of SWNTs,but also sheds lights on the growth of SWNTs with a high chirality selectivity.展开更多
The precipitation of sigma(σ) phase in the ferritic/austenitic duplex steel(DSS)results in the deterioration of mechanical intensity and corrosion resistance.After overviewing the temperature-time precipitation kinet...The precipitation of sigma(σ) phase in the ferritic/austenitic duplex steel(DSS)results in the deterioration of mechanical intensity and corrosion resistance.After overviewing the temperature-time precipitation kinetic of secondary phases,this paper summarized the precipitation behavior of σ phase from the aspects of the mechanism,nucleation site,orientation relation,cooling rate,and phase composition.It is articulated that the preformed nitrides,carbides,and χ phase play the role of preparing regions containing low content C and N at their surroundings for σ nucleation rather than as the role as the nucleus of σ phase.Finally,the detection methods ofσphase including the recent use of electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation(EPR)were introduced,and a prospect with the critical issues on futural DSS research was summarized.展开更多
The voltage controlled oscillator-based （VCO-based） continuous-time delta-sigma （CTDS） analog to digital converter （ADC） suffers from nonlinearity and mismatch in its feedback network. A new feedback network con...The voltage controlled oscillator-based （VCO-based） continuous-time delta-sigma （CTDS） analog to digital converter （ADC） suffers from nonlinearity and mismatch in its feedback network. A new feedback network consisting of a phase shifter is proposed. The phase shifter replaces the digital to analog converter （DAC） in the proposed architecture. Feasibility of the proposed idea is discussed and its higher performance is illustrated through a behavioral simulation approach （CppSim）. We have also developed the phase shifter as a variable all-pass filter in the C language. The nonlinearity and mismatch of the system caused by DAC is mitigated, resulting in higher signal to noise ratio （SNR） and signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR）, respectively.展开更多
The precipitation behavior,corrosion,and passivation performance of solutionized and severely sensitized SAF 2507 super-duplex stainless steel subjected to a temperature of 900℃for 10 h are investigated in a twofold ...The precipitation behavior,corrosion,and passivation performance of solutionized and severely sensitized SAF 2507 super-duplex stainless steel subjected to a temperature of 900℃for 10 h are investigated in a twofold concentrated seawater at 60℃.The sensitized alloy exhibits 66.1%γphases and 33.9%σphases,and the originalαphases have completely decomposed through eutectoid transformation,resulting in a microstructure characterized by coarse blockyσ/γ2 aggregates.High defect densities and an increased amount of oxyhydroxides and hydroxides are present in the passive film on the sensitized alloy,thereby enhancing n-type semiconducting character.The inferior performance of the passive film on the sensitized alloy is ascribed to the increased potential drop across the film/solution interface,the high defect densities,and the pronounced n-type character of the passive film resulting from the variations in its constituents.The precipitation ofσphase during sensitization significantly increases intergranular corrosion susceptibility and decreases critical pitting temperature,breakdown potential,and polarization resistance in hot concentrated seawater.展开更多
A new resource-saving duplex stainless steel with composition of 19Cr-6Mn-1.0Mo-0.5Ni-0.5W-0.5Cu-0.2N has been developed,and the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion properties have been investigated.The...A new resource-saving duplex stainless steel with composition of 19Cr-6Mn-1.0Mo-0.5Ni-0.5W-0.5Cu-0.2N has been developed,and the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion properties have been investigated.The results show that the alloy has a balanced ferrite-austenite relation,and the ferrite content rises with the solution treatment temperature.The designed alloy is free of precipitation of sigma phase when aged at 650,750 and 850 ℃ for 3 h,respectively,whereas a few Cr23C6 precipitates are found after being aged at 750 ℃ for 8 h.Charpy impact tests indicate that the impact energy of the alloy is 68,200 and 220 J at-40,0 and 25 ℃,respectively.The designed alloy solution treated at 1050 ℃ for 30 min has a much higher yield strength and similar corrosion resistance compared with those of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel.Moreover,the production cost of the alloy is about $ 1000 per ton which is lower than that of AISI 304.展开更多
Improved life assessment techniques will enable engineering components to be replaced before failure, thereby reducing the risk of industrial accidents as well as minimizing financial loss due to unscheduled outages. ...Improved life assessment techniques will enable engineering components to be replaced before failure, thereby reducing the risk of industrial accidents as well as minimizing financial loss due to unscheduled outages. For components operating at high temperatures, temperature measurement is very important. In many situations, the environmental conditions are too hostile for conventional techniques to be used. Researchers over the world have been looking for new techniques for temperature measurement and one such device, called Feroplug, has been developed previously by the and coworkers. The Feroplug has been patented in USA, UK and Europe by the British Technology Group. The underlying principle of the Feroplug is based on the transformation of ferrite in some specially designed duplex stainless steels. This paper describes a new invention called Sigmaplug which is a new development of the Feroplug but using an entirely different physical principle. It was discovered that the sigma phase in Fe展开更多
The pattern of isentropes in the vicinity of a first-order phase transition is proposed as a key for a sub-classification. While the confinement-deconfinement transition, conjectured to set in beyond a critical end po...The pattern of isentropes in the vicinity of a first-order phase transition is proposed as a key for a sub-classification. While the confinement-deconfinement transition, conjectured to set in beyond a critical end point in the QCD phase diagram, is often related to an entropic transition and the apparently settled gas-liquid transition in nuclear matter is an enthalphic transition, the conceivable local isentropes w.r.t. “incoming” or “outgoing” serve as another useful guide for discussing possible implications, both in the presumed hydrodynamical expansion stage of heavy-ion collisions and the core-collapse of supernova explosions. Examples, such as the quark-meson model and two-phase models, are shown to distinguish concisely the different transitions.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1860204, 52004061)Talent Project of Revitalizing Liaoning (Grant No. XLYC1802101)+2 种基金Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M670777)Northeastern University Postdoctoral Funds (Grant No. 20200321)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. N2125017)。
文摘The influence of Ce addition on the solidification structure and σphase of super austenitic stainless steel S32654 was systematically investigated via microstructural characterization and thermodynamic calcula- tion. The results indicate that a small addition of Ce could modify MgO and MnS into Ce-bearing inclu- sions Ce_(2)O_(3)and Ce_(2)O_(2)S. Ce addition led to noticeable refinement of both the dendrite structure and σphase. The refinement mechanism could be attributed to the combined actions of effective Ce-bearing inclusions and solute Ce. Effective Ce-bearing inclusions could serve as heterogeneous nucleation cores of austenite as well as σphase, which provided a favorable prerequisite for their refinement. Solute Ce significantly enhanced the undercooling degree of the system, further promoting dendrite structure re- finement. Meanwhile, solute Ce improved the eutectic precipitation conditions of σphase and further promoted its nucleation, while the dendrite refinement limited its growth space. Finally, more fine and dispersed σphase particles formed in S32654 with Ce addition. The refinement of dendrite structure and σ phase will reduce the temperature and time required for high-temperature homogenization, which is beneficial to the hot working of this steel.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0305100)Science&Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2015B090926012+1 种基金2015A0404040232014B090907005)
文摘ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 Duplex Stainless Steel （DSS） was solution treated at 1,060 ℃ for 3 h,followed by water cooling. Tempering treatments were conducted at 720, 750 and 780 ℃, respectively, for 16 h,followed by air cooling. The microstructures of ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 duplex stainless steel samples treated at different tempering temperatures were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersal spectroscopy （EDS）, and the phase consitutions were analyzed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effects of the precipitation of sigma （σ） phase on the duplex phase percentage, hardness, impact toughness and corrosion resistance of the DSS were studied. Results showed that microstructures of ZG0Cr26Ni5Mo3Cu3 after solution treatment consists of ferrite （α） phase and austenite （γ） phase; after being tempered at different temperatures,σ phase appeared due to a eutectoid-type reaction of α→σ＋γ2 during tempering treatment. It was observed that σ phase distributed along the grain boundary. The volume fraction of σ and γ phases increased with increasing tempering temperature in the range of 720 to 780 oC, whereas the volume fraction of α phase showed the opposite trend. When the percentage of σ phase increased, the hardness of steel also increased. In the solution treated steel, hardness was measured to be only 244.0 HB, because σ phase did not appear. However, itincreased to 391.8 HB when the DSS was tempered at 780 oC because a great of deal of σ phase appeared. The impact toughness and corrosion resistance of DSS decreased when the percentage of σ phase increased.
文摘In this work, the non-isothermal dissolution kinetics of the sigma phase in duplex stainless steels has been studied and modelled. A semi-empirical model is proposed to describe the kinetics of sigma phase precipitation/dissolution during continuous heating starting from the isothermal transformation kinetics. The proposed model, which presumes validity of the additivity rule, is validated by means of experimental investigations. A good agreement is found between experimental and analytical results.
基金supported by the Key Basic Research Project of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2019ZD49)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972184 and 51802316)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.2020-MS-009).
文摘The chirality structure of a single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)strongly depends on the composition of catalyst used in the chemical vapor deposition process.In this study,we develop a porous magnesia supported manganese-rhenium(MnRe/MgO)catalyst for chirality-selective synthesis of SWNTs.Detailed characterizations reveal that(6,5)tubes with a selectivity higher than 70%are grown from the Re-rich MnRe/MgO catalyst.By comparing the SWNT growth results with those of monometallic Mn or Re,the formation of sigma phase,an intermetallic compound occurring in transition-metal alloy systems,is revealed to be crucial for the dominant synthesis of(6,5)SWNTs.This work not only extends the application of sigma phase alloy for catalytic synthesis of SWNTs,but also sheds lights on the growth of SWNTs with a high chirality selectivity.
文摘The precipitation of sigma(σ) phase in the ferritic/austenitic duplex steel(DSS)results in the deterioration of mechanical intensity and corrosion resistance.After overviewing the temperature-time precipitation kinetic of secondary phases,this paper summarized the precipitation behavior of σ phase from the aspects of the mechanism,nucleation site,orientation relation,cooling rate,and phase composition.It is articulated that the preformed nitrides,carbides,and χ phase play the role of preparing regions containing low content C and N at their surroundings for σ nucleation rather than as the role as the nucleus of σ phase.Finally,the detection methods ofσphase including the recent use of electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation(EPR)were introduced,and a prospect with the critical issues on futural DSS research was summarized.
基金supported by Iran Telecommunication Research Center under Grant No. 4222/500
文摘The voltage controlled oscillator-based （VCO-based） continuous-time delta-sigma （CTDS） analog to digital converter （ADC） suffers from nonlinearity and mismatch in its feedback network. A new feedback network consisting of a phase shifter is proposed. The phase shifter replaces the digital to analog converter （DAC） in the proposed architecture. Feasibility of the proposed idea is discussed and its higher performance is illustrated through a behavioral simulation approach （CppSim）. We have also developed the phase shifter as a variable all-pass filter in the C language. The nonlinearity and mismatch of the system caused by DAC is mitigated, resulting in higher signal to noise ratio （SNR） and signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR）, respectively.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52375339 and 52305399)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515110729).
文摘The precipitation behavior,corrosion,and passivation performance of solutionized and severely sensitized SAF 2507 super-duplex stainless steel subjected to a temperature of 900℃for 10 h are investigated in a twofold concentrated seawater at 60℃.The sensitized alloy exhibits 66.1%γphases and 33.9%σphases,and the originalαphases have completely decomposed through eutectoid transformation,resulting in a microstructure characterized by coarse blockyσ/γ2 aggregates.High defect densities and an increased amount of oxyhydroxides and hydroxides are present in the passive film on the sensitized alloy,thereby enhancing n-type semiconducting character.The inferior performance of the passive film on the sensitized alloy is ascribed to the increased potential drop across the film/solution interface,the high defect densities,and the pronounced n-type character of the passive film resulting from the variations in its constituents.The precipitation ofσphase during sensitization significantly increases intergranular corrosion susceptibility and decreases critical pitting temperature,breakdown potential,and polarization resistance in hot concentrated seawater.
基金Item Sponsored by Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(065211026)Innovation Fund of Education Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(09yz20)
文摘A new resource-saving duplex stainless steel with composition of 19Cr-6Mn-1.0Mo-0.5Ni-0.5W-0.5Cu-0.2N has been developed,and the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion properties have been investigated.The results show that the alloy has a balanced ferrite-austenite relation,and the ferrite content rises with the solution treatment temperature.The designed alloy is free of precipitation of sigma phase when aged at 650,750 and 850 ℃ for 3 h,respectively,whereas a few Cr23C6 precipitates are found after being aged at 750 ℃ for 8 h.Charpy impact tests indicate that the impact energy of the alloy is 68,200 and 220 J at-40,0 and 25 ℃,respectively.The designed alloy solution treated at 1050 ℃ for 30 min has a much higher yield strength and similar corrosion resistance compared with those of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel.Moreover,the production cost of the alloy is about $ 1000 per ton which is lower than that of AISI 304.
文摘Improved life assessment techniques will enable engineering components to be replaced before failure, thereby reducing the risk of industrial accidents as well as minimizing financial loss due to unscheduled outages. For components operating at high temperatures, temperature measurement is very important. In many situations, the environmental conditions are too hostile for conventional techniques to be used. Researchers over the world have been looking for new techniques for temperature measurement and one such device, called Feroplug, has been developed previously by the and coworkers. The Feroplug has been patented in USA, UK and Europe by the British Technology Group. The underlying principle of the Feroplug is based on the transformation of ferrite in some specially designed duplex stainless steels. This paper describes a new invention called Sigmaplug which is a new development of the Feroplug but using an entirely different physical principle. It was discovered that the sigma phase in Fe
文摘The pattern of isentropes in the vicinity of a first-order phase transition is proposed as a key for a sub-classification. While the confinement-deconfinement transition, conjectured to set in beyond a critical end point in the QCD phase diagram, is often related to an entropic transition and the apparently settled gas-liquid transition in nuclear matter is an enthalphic transition, the conceivable local isentropes w.r.t. “incoming” or “outgoing” serve as another useful guide for discussing possible implications, both in the presumed hydrodynamical expansion stage of heavy-ion collisions and the core-collapse of supernova explosions. Examples, such as the quark-meson model and two-phase models, are shown to distinguish concisely the different transitions.
