Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging andfundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large areaand...Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging andfundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large areaand allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of themost advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditionalmethods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This studyproposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on thesiege mechanism (SWOA) for node localization inWSN. The objective function is modeled while communicatingon localized nodes, considering variables like delay, path loss, energy, and received signal strength. The localizationapproach also assigns the discovered location data to unidentified devices with the modeled objective functionby applying the SWOA algorithm. The experimental analysis is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of thedesigned localization scheme in terms of various metrics, e.g., localization errors rate, converges rate, and executedtime. Compared experimental-result shows that theSWOA offers the applicability of the developed model forWSNto perform the localization scheme with excellent quality. Significantly, the error and convergence values achievedby the SWOA are less location error, faster in convergence and executed time than the others compared to at least areduced 1.5% to 4.7% error rate, and quicker by at least 4%and 2% in convergence and executed time, respectivelyfor the experimental scenarios.展开更多
War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper wil...War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.展开更多
The Siege in Peking是丁韪良的一部重要著述,记录了1900年义和团运动期间北京东郊民巷使馆被围事件,是历史学家和评论家评价丁韪良"侵略者"和"谋士"身份的重要史料来源,而该书在国内尚无出版的译著,仅有的翻译片段...The Siege in Peking是丁韪良的一部重要著述,记录了1900年义和团运动期间北京东郊民巷使馆被围事件,是历史学家和评论家评价丁韪良"侵略者"和"谋士"身份的重要史料来源,而该书在国内尚无出版的译著,仅有的翻译片段,其准确性也待考察。如何准确地翻译该书成为摆在国内译者面前的难题。蔡新乐在研究历史文献的翻译时,提出要"追求文献翻译的历史性",并从对应、对接、对话三个方面对该主张进行阐释,以实现忠实的最高准则。基于此,以蔡新乐"追求文献翻译的历史性"为原则,对收录在The Siege in Peking中、译本较多的The Problem of Reconstruction三译本进行初探,以期进一步研究历史文献的翻译。展开更多
Dealing with household garbage has become a growing headache for Chinese cities A series of photos named Rubbish-besieged City, which won Wang Jiuliang the Golden Award for Excellence at the Lianzhou International Pho...Dealing with household garbage has become a growing headache for Chinese cities A series of photos named Rubbish-besieged City, which won Wang Jiuliang the Golden Award for Excellence at the Lianzhou International Photo Festival 2009, has attracted considerable public attention after being posted on Tianya.cn, a展开更多
A multi-strategy hybrid whale optimization algorithm(MSHWOA)for complex constrained optimization problems is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of easily trapping into local optimum,slow convergence speed and low opti...A multi-strategy hybrid whale optimization algorithm(MSHWOA)for complex constrained optimization problems is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of easily trapping into local optimum,slow convergence speed and low optimization precision.Firstly,the population is initialized by introducing the theory of good point set,which increases the randomness and diversity of the population and lays the foundation for the global optimization of the algorithm.Then,a novel linearly update equation of convergence factor is designed to coordinate the abilities of exploration and exploitation.At the same time,the global exploration and local exploitation capabilities are improved through the siege mechanism of Harris Hawks optimization algorithm.Finally,the simulation experiments are conducted on the 6 benchmark functions and Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate the optimization performance of the improved algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has more significant improvement in optimization accuracy,convergence speed and robustness than the comparison algorithm.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to assess the risk fact...<strong>Objective: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with seat presentation and to determine the maternal-fetal prognosis of delivery in the presentation of the seat. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical case-control study with prospective data collection, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, a 12-month period at Kayes Hospital, Mali. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">During our study period we recorded 3820 deliveries, including 120 breos;a frequency of 3.14% of all deliveries. The 20</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">35 age group was the most represented in cases 61.7%. Of the cases 66.7% (n-80) were out of school, we note 75.8% (n-182) of out-of-school controls. Primipar</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were the majority among cases 39.2% (n-47), as were 39.1% of the controls (n-118). The cases had a history of caesarean section at 15% (n-18);13, 3% (n-32). The most common mode of presentation was the 70% decomplete seat. It was mainly the anterior left sacro iliac variety (85.8%). The low pathway was preferred during these deliveries to 70% against 30% of caesarean section of which 28.3% of cases were carried out in an emergency. Several factors such as delivery pathway, mode of presentation, length of expulsion and obstetric manoeuvres used influenced fetal prognosis. Fetal complications were dominated by acute fetal suffering (15.8%), followed by dislocation of the shoulder (0.8%). The most common morbid maternal complications were soft part tears (15 cases or 12.5%) and parietal suppuration (1 case or 0.8%). We did not record any maternal deaths. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Our results confirm that childbirth is a risky delivery, and must require careful selection of eligible cases and rigorous management of labour with trained teams. In these circumstances, it seems totally abusive to advocate as a single mode of delivery caesarean section in all presentations of the chair in the primigestes.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Human activities are strongly modifying the global nitrogen (N) cycle through increasing input, N species diversity, and pool size of industrial reactive N (Nr). However, the fluxes, fates and environmental consequenc...Human activities are strongly modifying the global nitrogen (N) cycle through increasing input, N species diversity, and pool size of industrial reactive N (Nr). However, the fluxes, fates and environmental consequences of industrial Nr (excluding synthesized N fertilizer) remain poorly understood and quantified. We report here that industrial Nr flux has increased 13.4-fold over the past 30 years in China, reaching 3.7Tg N (1 Tg=10 12g) in 2008, accounting for over 50% of China's food Nr flux. Socioeconomic development (per capita GDP, urbanization and household size) significantly drives the growth of industrial Nr fluxes. This leads to "hotspots" of industrial Nr, mainly in relatively developed Eastern China. Industrial Nr loss rate during production is only 5%, much lower than that of cropland (50%) and livestock (80%). However, industrial Nr loss is point source pollution, and Nr release in concentrated doses produces serious risk in small regions. The contribution of structural N to total industrial Nr with a lifespan longer than one year (e.g., synthetic fiber, plastic) increased from 20% in 1980 to 70% in 2008. There was about 2.6 Tg N structural industrial Nr accumulated in human settlements in 2008, which could be one ex- planation of an unknown Nr sink of anthropogenic Nr input (mainly Haber-Bosch N fixation). Legacy effects caused by structural N accumulation have long-term consequences for environmental and human health, although structural N delays Nr release and reduces short-term Nr pollution. Industrial Nr use generates new features of modern global N biogeochemistry, such as increasing Nr species diversity, reducing Nr turnover rate. Future dynamics simulation of the earth system should involve industrial Nr. Explicit consideration and accounting of the fluxes and environmental consequences of industrial Nr would provide decision-makers a novel view of regional sustainable development.展开更多
3月的一个傍晚,十来位哈佛校友借清华校园的会议室,开了次闭门会,主题是21世纪的博雅教育,特邀嘉宾是哈佛主管本科教学的杰伊？哈里斯（Jay Harris）教授。哈里斯教授开门见山抛出争议话题：最近博雅教育在美国身处围城（Liberal Arts E...3月的一个傍晚,十来位哈佛校友借清华校园的会议室,开了次闭门会,主题是21世纪的博雅教育,特邀嘉宾是哈佛主管本科教学的杰伊？哈里斯（Jay Harris）教授。哈里斯教授开门见山抛出争议话题：最近博雅教育在美国身处围城（Liberal Arts Education Under Siege）,被质疑为＂旧石器时代的教授来教数码时代的学生＂,未来的博雅教育究竟该何去何从？展开更多
基金the VNUHCM-University of Information Technology’s Scientific Research Support Fund.
文摘Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging andfundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large areaand allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of themost advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditionalmethods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This studyproposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on thesiege mechanism (SWOA) for node localization inWSN. The objective function is modeled while communicatingon localized nodes, considering variables like delay, path loss, energy, and received signal strength. The localizationapproach also assigns the discovered location data to unidentified devices with the modeled objective functionby applying the SWOA algorithm. The experimental analysis is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of thedesigned localization scheme in terms of various metrics, e.g., localization errors rate, converges rate, and executedtime. Compared experimental-result shows that theSWOA offers the applicability of the developed model forWSNto perform the localization scheme with excellent quality. Significantly, the error and convergence values achievedby the SWOA are less location error, faster in convergence and executed time than the others compared to at least areduced 1.5% to 4.7% error rate, and quicker by at least 4%and 2% in convergence and executed time, respectivelyfor the experimental scenarios.
文摘War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.
文摘The Siege in Peking是丁韪良的一部重要著述,记录了1900年义和团运动期间北京东郊民巷使馆被围事件,是历史学家和评论家评价丁韪良"侵略者"和"谋士"身份的重要史料来源,而该书在国内尚无出版的译著,仅有的翻译片段,其准确性也待考察。如何准确地翻译该书成为摆在国内译者面前的难题。蔡新乐在研究历史文献的翻译时,提出要"追求文献翻译的历史性",并从对应、对接、对话三个方面对该主张进行阐释,以实现忠实的最高准则。基于此,以蔡新乐"追求文献翻译的历史性"为原则,对收录在The Siege in Peking中、译本较多的The Problem of Reconstruction三译本进行初探,以期进一步研究历史文献的翻译。
文摘Dealing with household garbage has become a growing headache for Chinese cities A series of photos named Rubbish-besieged City, which won Wang Jiuliang the Golden Award for Excellence at the Lianzhou International Photo Festival 2009, has attracted considerable public attention after being posted on Tianya.cn, a
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62176146)。
文摘A multi-strategy hybrid whale optimization algorithm(MSHWOA)for complex constrained optimization problems is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of easily trapping into local optimum,slow convergence speed and low optimization precision.Firstly,the population is initialized by introducing the theory of good point set,which increases the randomness and diversity of the population and lays the foundation for the global optimization of the algorithm.Then,a novel linearly update equation of convergence factor is designed to coordinate the abilities of exploration and exploitation.At the same time,the global exploration and local exploitation capabilities are improved through the siege mechanism of Harris Hawks optimization algorithm.Finally,the simulation experiments are conducted on the 6 benchmark functions and Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate the optimization performance of the improved algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has more significant improvement in optimization accuracy,convergence speed and robustness than the comparison algorithm.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with seat presentation and to determine the maternal-fetal prognosis of delivery in the presentation of the seat. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical case-control study with prospective data collection, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, a 12-month period at Kayes Hospital, Mali. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">During our study period we recorded 3820 deliveries, including 120 breos;a frequency of 3.14% of all deliveries. The 20</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">35 age group was the most represented in cases 61.7%. Of the cases 66.7% (n-80) were out of school, we note 75.8% (n-182) of out-of-school controls. Primipar</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were the majority among cases 39.2% (n-47), as were 39.1% of the controls (n-118). The cases had a history of caesarean section at 15% (n-18);13, 3% (n-32). The most common mode of presentation was the 70% decomplete seat. It was mainly the anterior left sacro iliac variety (85.8%). The low pathway was preferred during these deliveries to 70% against 30% of caesarean section of which 28.3% of cases were carried out in an emergency. Several factors such as delivery pathway, mode of presentation, length of expulsion and obstetric manoeuvres used influenced fetal prognosis. Fetal complications were dominated by acute fetal suffering (15.8%), followed by dislocation of the shoulder (0.8%). The most common morbid maternal complications were soft part tears (15 cases or 12.5%) and parietal suppuration (1 case or 0.8%). We did not record any maternal deaths. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Our results confirm that childbirth is a risky delivery, and must require careful selection of eligible cases and rigorous management of labour with trained teams. In these circumstances, it seems totally abusive to advocate as a single mode of delivery caesarean section in all presentations of the chair in the primigestes.</span></span></span></span>
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41201502 and 31170305)China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation (Grant No. 2012T50508)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2011M501010)
文摘Human activities are strongly modifying the global nitrogen (N) cycle through increasing input, N species diversity, and pool size of industrial reactive N (Nr). However, the fluxes, fates and environmental consequences of industrial Nr (excluding synthesized N fertilizer) remain poorly understood and quantified. We report here that industrial Nr flux has increased 13.4-fold over the past 30 years in China, reaching 3.7Tg N (1 Tg=10 12g) in 2008, accounting for over 50% of China's food Nr flux. Socioeconomic development (per capita GDP, urbanization and household size) significantly drives the growth of industrial Nr fluxes. This leads to "hotspots" of industrial Nr, mainly in relatively developed Eastern China. Industrial Nr loss rate during production is only 5%, much lower than that of cropland (50%) and livestock (80%). However, industrial Nr loss is point source pollution, and Nr release in concentrated doses produces serious risk in small regions. The contribution of structural N to total industrial Nr with a lifespan longer than one year (e.g., synthetic fiber, plastic) increased from 20% in 1980 to 70% in 2008. There was about 2.6 Tg N structural industrial Nr accumulated in human settlements in 2008, which could be one ex- planation of an unknown Nr sink of anthropogenic Nr input (mainly Haber-Bosch N fixation). Legacy effects caused by structural N accumulation have long-term consequences for environmental and human health, although structural N delays Nr release and reduces short-term Nr pollution. Industrial Nr use generates new features of modern global N biogeochemistry, such as increasing Nr species diversity, reducing Nr turnover rate. Future dynamics simulation of the earth system should involve industrial Nr. Explicit consideration and accounting of the fluxes and environmental consequences of industrial Nr would provide decision-makers a novel view of regional sustainable development.
文摘3月的一个傍晚,十来位哈佛校友借清华校园的会议室,开了次闭门会,主题是21世纪的博雅教育,特邀嘉宾是哈佛主管本科教学的杰伊？哈里斯（Jay Harris）教授。哈里斯教授开门见山抛出争议话题：最近博雅教育在美国身处围城（Liberal Arts Education Under Siege）,被质疑为＂旧石器时代的教授来教数码时代的学生＂,未来的博雅教育究竟该何去何从？
