Objective To investigate relationships of polymorphisms in six genes （ GHR, IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGFBP-3, JAK2, and STAT5b） in the growth hormone （GH）/insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） axis with idiopathic short st...Objective To investigate relationships of polymorphisms in six genes （ GHR, IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGFBP-3, JAK2, and STAT5b） in the growth hormone （GH）/insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） axis with idiopathic short stature （ISS） in the Chinese Han population. Methods A case- control study was carried out on a cohort of 198 ISS patients and 306 healthy controls. A total of 106 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms （tagSNPs） from the six genes were selected from the HapMap （haplotype map of the human genome ） Han Chinese in the Beijing subset. Results of genotyping conducted by high- throughput lllumina GoldenGateTM Assay were analyzed by statistical software. Results Both individual tagSNPs and haplotypes showed an association with 1SS in the Han Chinese population （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. For each single test, both allele and genotype were tested. By allele frequency analysis, six positive SNP sites （ rsNo. 1, rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, rsNo. 4, rsNo. 5, and rsNo. 6） of 3 genes （ JAK2, 1GF-1R, and GHR） were found having associations with ISS. By genotype frequency analysis, there were significant differences between the patient and control groups in the following SNP sites： 4 sites in JAK2 gene （ rsNo. 1, rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, and rsNo. 4） and 1 site in GHR gene （ rsNo. 6）. The risk which affected ISS was found related to the JAK2 gene in 4 sites （ increase in rsNo. 1 and decrease in rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, and rsNo. 4 ） and to the GHR gene in 1 site （decrease in rsNo. 6）. They were four haplotypes in gene of IGF-1R as ＂TGC＂, ＂CGCT＂, ＂TA＂, and ＂ CA＂, one haplotype in IGFBP-3 as ＂TA＂, and one haplotype in JAK2 as ＂CTG＂, which revealed high significance for risks of affecting ISS. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis of specific site rsNo. 6 of the GHR gene revealed that the serum IGF-1 was related to genotypes AA and AC, with genotype CC as the reference （ P =0. 015）. Conclusion Genetic variances in six genes within the GH/IGF-1 axis may be important etiological factors for ISS in the Chinese Han population.展开更多
Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on th...Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771029)
文摘Objective To investigate relationships of polymorphisms in six genes （ GHR, IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGFBP-3, JAK2, and STAT5b） in the growth hormone （GH）/insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） axis with idiopathic short stature （ISS） in the Chinese Han population. Methods A case- control study was carried out on a cohort of 198 ISS patients and 306 healthy controls. A total of 106 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms （tagSNPs） from the six genes were selected from the HapMap （haplotype map of the human genome ） Han Chinese in the Beijing subset. Results of genotyping conducted by high- throughput lllumina GoldenGateTM Assay were analyzed by statistical software. Results Both individual tagSNPs and haplotypes showed an association with 1SS in the Han Chinese population （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. For each single test, both allele and genotype were tested. By allele frequency analysis, six positive SNP sites （ rsNo. 1, rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, rsNo. 4, rsNo. 5, and rsNo. 6） of 3 genes （ JAK2, 1GF-1R, and GHR） were found having associations with ISS. By genotype frequency analysis, there were significant differences between the patient and control groups in the following SNP sites： 4 sites in JAK2 gene （ rsNo. 1, rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, and rsNo. 4） and 1 site in GHR gene （ rsNo. 6）. The risk which affected ISS was found related to the JAK2 gene in 4 sites （ increase in rsNo. 1 and decrease in rsNo. 2, rsNo. 3, and rsNo. 4 ） and to the GHR gene in 1 site （decrease in rsNo. 6）. They were four haplotypes in gene of IGF-1R as ＂TGC＂, ＂CGCT＂, ＂TA＂, and ＂ CA＂, one haplotype in IGFBP-3 as ＂TA＂, and one haplotype in JAK2 as ＂CTG＂, which revealed high significance for risks of affecting ISS. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis of specific site rsNo. 6 of the GHR gene revealed that the serum IGF-1 was related to genotypes AA and AC, with genotype CC as the reference （ P =0. 015）. Conclusion Genetic variances in six genes within the GH/IGF-1 axis may be important etiological factors for ISS in the Chinese Han population.
文摘Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.
