World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,mar...World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,marking a major step forward for green shipping.Ammonia,a major chemical industry feedstock,has a high energy density and due to its carbon-free nature,produces only water and nitrogen when fully combusted.This makes it a highly promising fuel for decarbonizing shipping.展开更多
The solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)power system fueled by NH_(3)is considered one of the most promising solutions for achieving ship decarbonization and carbon neutrality.This paper addresses the technical challenges face...The solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)power system fueled by NH_(3)is considered one of the most promising solutions for achieving ship decarbonization and carbon neutrality.This paper addresses the technical challenges faced by NH_(3)fuel SOFC ship power system,including slow hydrogen(H2)production,low efficiency,and limited space.It introduces an innovative a NH_(3)-integrated reactor for rapid H2 production,establishes a safe and efficient all-electric SOFC all-electric propulsion system adaptable to various sailing conditions.The system is validated using a 2 kW prototype experimental rig.Results show that the SOFC system,designed for a target ship,has a rated power of 96 kW and an electrical efficiency of 60.13%,meeting the requirements for rated cruising conditions.Under identical catalytic scenarios,the designed reactor,with highly efficient heat transfer,measuring 1.1 m in length,can achieve complete NH_(3)decomposition within 2.94 s,representing a 35%reduction in cracking time and a 42%decrease in required cabin space.During high-load voyage conditions,adjusting the circulation ratio(CR)and ammonia-oxygen ratio(A/O)improves system efficiency across a wide operational range.Among these adjustments,altering the A/O ratio proves to be the most efficient strategy.Under this configuration,the system achieves an efficiency of 55.02%at low load and 61.73%at high load,allowing operation across a power range of 20%to 110%.Experimental results indicate that the error for NH_(3)cracking H2 is less than 3%within the range of 570-700℃,which is relevant to typical ship operation scenarios.At 656℃,the NH_(3)cracking H2 rate reaches 100%.Under these conditions,the SOFC produces 2.045 kW of power with an efficiency of approximately 58.66%.The noise level detected is 58.6 dB,while the concentrations of CO_(2),NO,and SO_(2)in the flue gas approach zero.These findings support the transition of the shipping industry to green,clean systems,contributing significantly to future reductions in ocean carbon emissions.展开更多
The transition towards renewable energy in the marine sector has garnered increasing international focus,with PEMFC(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell)emerging as a viable low-carbon solution for maritime vessels.This...The transition towards renewable energy in the marine sector has garnered increasing international focus,with PEMFC(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell)emerging as a viable low-carbon solution for maritime vessels.This technology is not only limited to small vessels,but also is applicable to the auxiliary power systems of larger ships.In this paper,a hybrid control scheme based on optimization algorithms and observer are presented.This strategy is designed to enhance the safety and efficiency of stack’s operation during navigation.Within the control system,a sliding mode observer monitors system perturbations,ensuring optimal controller performance.The control strategy employs a non-singular fast terminal sliding surface for the controller,integrating a fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization to tune the sliding mode gain and dynamically regulate output,thereby enhancing system efficiency and minimizing energy consumption.Results indicate that the newly developed control methodology significantly boosts both the efficiency and dependability of marine PEMFC stack.展开更多
文摘World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,marking a major step forward for green shipping.Ammonia,a major chemical industry feedstock,has a high energy density and due to its carbon-free nature,produces only water and nitrogen when fully combusted.This makes it a highly promising fuel for decarbonizing shipping.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52176013)the Shanghai Intergovernmental International Cooperation Project,China(No.23160710200)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-I0012-0012)the UK Royal Society,China(Grant No.IES\R3\213195).
文摘The solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)power system fueled by NH_(3)is considered one of the most promising solutions for achieving ship decarbonization and carbon neutrality.This paper addresses the technical challenges faced by NH_(3)fuel SOFC ship power system,including slow hydrogen(H2)production,low efficiency,and limited space.It introduces an innovative a NH_(3)-integrated reactor for rapid H2 production,establishes a safe and efficient all-electric SOFC all-electric propulsion system adaptable to various sailing conditions.The system is validated using a 2 kW prototype experimental rig.Results show that the SOFC system,designed for a target ship,has a rated power of 96 kW and an electrical efficiency of 60.13%,meeting the requirements for rated cruising conditions.Under identical catalytic scenarios,the designed reactor,with highly efficient heat transfer,measuring 1.1 m in length,can achieve complete NH_(3)decomposition within 2.94 s,representing a 35%reduction in cracking time and a 42%decrease in required cabin space.During high-load voyage conditions,adjusting the circulation ratio(CR)and ammonia-oxygen ratio(A/O)improves system efficiency across a wide operational range.Among these adjustments,altering the A/O ratio proves to be the most efficient strategy.Under this configuration,the system achieves an efficiency of 55.02%at low load and 61.73%at high load,allowing operation across a power range of 20%to 110%.Experimental results indicate that the error for NH_(3)cracking H2 is less than 3%within the range of 570-700℃,which is relevant to typical ship operation scenarios.At 656℃,the NH_(3)cracking H2 rate reaches 100%.Under these conditions,the SOFC produces 2.045 kW of power with an efficiency of approximately 58.66%.The noise level detected is 58.6 dB,while the concentrations of CO_(2),NO,and SO_(2)in the flue gas approach zero.These findings support the transition of the shipping industry to green,clean systems,contributing significantly to future reductions in ocean carbon emissions.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179054)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(G2022014065L)the Innovation Support Program of Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province(SBZ2023080107).
文摘The transition towards renewable energy in the marine sector has garnered increasing international focus,with PEMFC(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell)emerging as a viable low-carbon solution for maritime vessels.This technology is not only limited to small vessels,but also is applicable to the auxiliary power systems of larger ships.In this paper,a hybrid control scheme based on optimization algorithms and observer are presented.This strategy is designed to enhance the safety and efficiency of stack’s operation during navigation.Within the control system,a sliding mode observer monitors system perturbations,ensuring optimal controller performance.The control strategy employs a non-singular fast terminal sliding surface for the controller,integrating a fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization to tune the sliding mode gain and dynamically regulate output,thereby enhancing system efficiency and minimizing energy consumption.Results indicate that the newly developed control methodology significantly boosts both the efficiency and dependability of marine PEMFC stack.
