Accountable care organizations (ACOs) and hospitals are facing additional requirements and financial rewards for improving population health. Therefore, ACOs and hospitals will need tools to understand the relationshi...Accountable care organizations (ACOs) and hospitals are facing additional requirements and financial rewards for improving population health. Therefore, ACOs and hospitals will need tools to understand the relationship between their patients and social determinants and health. We demonstrate the use of hot spotting for identifying geographical sources of high hospital costs and examining links between social determinants of health and these high-cost areas, known as hot spots. In 2012, using hospital data, we generated maps of inpatient costs from 2011 throughout New Haven and within an example neighborhood, Dixwell. We defined hot spots as addresses where costs were in the top 25%. We also overlaid data on concerns and assets in the community. Finally, we calculated the number of concerns and assets that fall within the 250 and 500 ft radii of the defined hot spots. We found that 34 addresses in Dixwell accounted for 70% of total costs for Dixwell. Hot spotting is a straightforward, approachable, and easily understood method for ACOs and hospitals to begin to address population health.展开更多
Expulsion is an undesired event during resistance spot welding because the weld quality deteriorates. It is the ejection of molten metal from the weld nugget which usually occurs due to applying a high current for a s...Expulsion is an undesired event during resistance spot welding because the weld quality deteriorates. It is the ejection of molten metal from the weld nugget which usually occurs due to applying a high current for a short welding time. Expulsion has a significant impact on the final yield strength of the weld, thus the detection and characterization of expulsion events is significant for the quality assurance of resistance spot welds. In this study, hardness mapping, using a scanning hardness machine, was used as a quality assurance technique for re- sistance spot welding. Hardness tests were conducted on a resistance spot welded sample to prepare a hardness map. The test results showed good correlation between the hardness map and metallographic cross sections. The technique also provided further fundamental understand- ing of the resistance spot welding process, especially regarding the occurrence of expulsion in the nugget.展开更多
Tomato spotted wilt(TSW)is a serious virus disease of peanut in the United States.Breeding for TSWV resistance would be facilitated by the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs;however,genes...Tomato spotted wilt(TSW)is a serious virus disease of peanut in the United States.Breeding for TSWV resistance would be facilitated by the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs;however,genes associated with resistance have not been identified.Association mapping is a type of genetic mapping that can exploit relationships between markers and traits in many lineages.The objectives of this study were to examine genetic diversity and population structure in the U.S.peanut mini-core collection using simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers,and to conduct association mapping between SSR markers and TSWV resistance in cultivated peanuts.One hundred and thirty-three SSR markers were used for genotyping 104 accessions.Four subpopulations,generally corresponding to botanical varieties,were classified by population structure analysis.Association mapping analysis indicated that five markers:pP GPseq5D5,GM1135,GM1991,TC23C08,and TC24C06,were consistently associated with TSW resistance by the Q,PCA,Q+K,and PCA+K models.These markers together explained 36.4%of the phenotypic variance.Moreover,pP GPseq5D5 and GM1991 were associated with both visual symptoms of TSWV and ELISA values with a high R^2.The potential of these markers for use in a marker-assisted selection program to breed peanut for resistance to TSWV is discussed.展开更多
A light brown spotted-leaf mutant of rice was isolated from an ethane methyl sulfonate （EMS）- induced IR64 mutant bank. The mutant, designated as Ibsll （light brown spotted-leaf 1）, displayed light brown spot in t...A light brown spotted-leaf mutant of rice was isolated from an ethane methyl sulfonate （EMS）- induced IR64 mutant bank. The mutant, designated as Ibsll （light brown spotted-leaf 1）, displayed light brown spot in the whole growth period from the first leaf to the flag leaf under natural summer field conditions. Agronomic traits including plant height, growth duration, number of filled grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the mutant were significantly affected. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively named Ibsll（t）, which was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6. By developing simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers, the gene was finally delimited to an interval of 130 kb between markers RM586 and RM588. The Ibsll（t） gene is likely a novel rice spotted-leaf gene since no other similar genes have been identified near the chromosomal region. The genetic data and recombination populations provided will facilitate further fine-mapping and cloning of the gene.展开更多
On the one hand,the successful launch of the SPOT 5 satellite in 2002 can be seen as a milestone for DEM extraction and mapping,because its payload includes HRS,a stereoscopic imaging instrument devoted to collection ...On the one hand,the successful launch of the SPOT 5 satellite in 2002 can be seen as a milestone for DEM extraction and mapping,because its payload includes HRS,a stereoscopic imaging instrument devoted to collection of large areas.Operating in panchromaticmode,the HRS instrument has two telescopes,one pointing forward and one aft of the satellite.HRS is thus able to cover an area of 600 km×120 km in a single pass(ie 72000 km^2 stereoscopic strips).Moreover,SPOT 5 is able to collect stereoscopic triplets,through a simultaneousactivation of HRG sensors in vertical mode,which will overcome the difficulty of terrain shadow in DEM matching.Meanwhile the extremelyprecise ancillary metadata of SPOT 5 allows accurate geometric processing with sparse ground control points.Thus SPOT 5 stereoscopicimagery becomes one of main satellite data sources for accurate DEM extraction and quickly mapping large area.The current status and coverageof stereoscopic HRS imagery as well as the metadata of SPOT 5 will be briefly exposed.One the second hand,about 2 million km^2 in west China never has been covered by 1:50000 scale topographic maps for several decades.The area contains the famous Qingzang plateau with average 5000m altitude and boundless Talimu basin desert.Mapping this area withtraditional methods had unimaginable difficulties and was impossible to complete at all.With the high technology advancing,especially thegreat progresses in geomatics,it is the time to start to map the area with new geo-information technologies.So in 2006,China decided to initiatea large project,named 1:50000 scale topographic mapping of west China(ab.west China topographic mapping project),in order to getthe 1:50000 scale topographic maps(DEM,DOM and DLG)of that area within next 5 years.As we know the weather is extremely atrociousand a lot of sites are out of reach in that area,mapping from aero-born and satellite remote sensing imagery with spares ground control pointswas determined to be the main solution for the project.Within the several satellite remote sensing data used in the project,SPOT 5 dataplayed an important role with its distinguished characteristics.The paper will present the methodology of mapping from SPOT 5 data developed and implemented by CASM.The methodology emphasizesto use as spares ground control points as possible to facilitate the data processing.A simple general geometric RPC sensor model was establishedinstead of the complex rigorous SPOT 5 sensor model.The model has been validated in several test sites using SPOT 5 HRS trips.Theresults proved that the model has the same accuracy as the rigorous model and just needs sparse ground control points to carry out the triangulation.Then,High precise matching algorithms considering feature points and feature lines were used to extract DEM from HRS stereo images ortriplets.Comparing with some results get from other satellite images shows that the DEM has very fine textures.Contour lines were experimentedto be interpolated automatically by DEM and DOM products were made finally.Sanjiangyuan block is one of the 8 mapping blocks of the project.It locates on the north of Qingzang plateau with average 4500m altitudeand 120000 km^2 area.In 2006,250 sheets of maps of the block were produced using the methodology.Over 100 ground control points within6 maps were accurately measured in field with GPS to assess the accuracy of DEM,DOM and DLG products.The presentation will detail theaccuracy assessment results,and give some comparison results of contour lines obtained by automatic interpolation with DEM and by manualstereo measurements.In conclusion,the methodology of large area mapping with SPOT 5 data and spares ground control points is successfully established in thewest China mapping project.It was,proved that the accuracy satisfied our standard demand of 1:50000 scale map.Furthermore the west Chinamapping project can be an example for other mapping projects in difficult mapping areas considering weather,altitude and transport conditions,etc.展开更多
Land cover map for a part of North Sinai was produced using the FAO—Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of 2004. The standard FAO classification scheme provides a standardized system of classification that can be...Land cover map for a part of North Sinai was produced using the FAO—Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of 2004. The standard FAO classification scheme provides a standardized system of classification that can be used to analyze spatial and temporal land cover variability in the study area. This approach also has the advantage of facilitating the integration of Sinai land cover mapping products to be included with the regional and global land cover datasets. The total study area is 7450 km2 (1,773,842) feddans. The landscape classification was performed on SPOT4 data acquired in 2011 using combined multi-spectral bands of 20 meter spatial resolution. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to edit the classification result in order to reach the maximum possible accuracy. GIS was also used to include all necessary information. The identified vegetative land cover classes of the study area are irrigated herbaceous crops, irrigated tree crops and rain fed tree crops. The non-vegetated land covers in the study area include: bare rock, bare soil, bare soil stony, bare soil very stony, bare soil salt crusts, loose and shifting sands and sand dunes. The water bodies were classified as artificial perennial water bodies (fish ponds and irrigated canals) and natural perennial water bodies as lakes (standing) and rivers (flowing). Artificial surfaces in the study area include linear and non-linear. The produced maps and the statistics of the different land covers are included in the following sub-sections.展开更多
To classify the quality of the resistance spot welding process, a relationship between the welder electrode displacement curve characteristics and the weld shear force has been explored. Eleven statistical features of...To classify the quality of the resistance spot welding process, a relationship between the welder electrode displacement curve characteristics and the weld shear force has been explored. Eleven statistical features of the displacement signMs are extracted to represent the welding quality. Self-organizing map （SOM） neural networks have been employed to discover their quantitative relationship. In order to identify the influence of various displacement curve features, all of the available combinations have been used as inputs for SOM neural networks. Further we analyze the impact of each feature on the classification results, yielding the best quality-indicative combination of characteristics. There is no determinant relationship between the welding quality and the level of expulsion rate. The quality of welding is most impacted by the maximum electrode displacement, the span of welding process and the centroid of the electrode displacement curve. The experiments show that SOM is feasible to assess the welding quality and can render the visualized intuitive evaluation results.展开更多
This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vege...This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables, as well as spectral variables. Based on the fitted GAMs model, probability map of species occurrence was generated and then vegetation type of each grid was defined according to the probability of species occurrence. Deviance analysis was employed to test the goodness of curve fitting and drop contribution calculation was used to evaluate the contribution of each predictor in the fitted GAMs models. Area under curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the results maps of probability. The results showed that: 1) AUC values of the fitted GAMs models are very high which proves that integrating spectral data and environmental variables based on the GAMs is a feasible way to map the vegetation. 2) Prediction accuracy varies with plant community, and community with dense cover is better predicted than sparse plant community. 3) Both spectral variables and environmental variables play an important role in mapping the vegetation. However, the contribution of the same predictor in the GAMs models for different plant communities is different. 4) Insufficient resolution of spectral data, environmental data and confounding effects of land use and other variables which are not closely related to the environmental conditions are the major causes of imprecision.展开更多
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU） mutagenesis in mice can be used to study gene function in vivo and to establish genetic mouse models of human disease. In this study, a white spotted mouse （named Kit^W-1 Bao） was obtai...N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU） mutagenesis in mice can be used to study gene function in vivo and to establish genetic mouse models of human disease. In this study, a white spotted mouse （named Kit^W-1 Bao） was obtained by ENU-induced mutagenesis. Inheritance testing showed a single-gene dominant mutation and lethality in the Kit^W-1 Bao homozygous mice. The mutation was mapped to Chromosome 5 between markers DSMit356 and DSMit308. The region contains the Kit gene, whose mutations are known to lead to pigmentation defects in mice. Sequence analysis of the Kit cDNA from Kit^W-1 Bao heterozygotes revealed an A to T missense mutation resulting in an amino acid substitution of Asp （D） by Val （V） at amino acid position 849 within a highly conserved tyrosine kinase domain. The combined phenotype displayed by the Kit^W-1 Bao heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice demonstrates the critical function of the highly conserved aspartie acid residue at position 849 in the Kit gene product展开更多
文摘Accountable care organizations (ACOs) and hospitals are facing additional requirements and financial rewards for improving population health. Therefore, ACOs and hospitals will need tools to understand the relationship between their patients and social determinants and health. We demonstrate the use of hot spotting for identifying geographical sources of high hospital costs and examining links between social determinants of health and these high-cost areas, known as hot spots. In 2012, using hospital data, we generated maps of inpatient costs from 2011 throughout New Haven and within an example neighborhood, Dixwell. We defined hot spots as addresses where costs were in the top 25%. We also overlaid data on concerns and assets in the community. Finally, we calculated the number of concerns and assets that fall within the 250 and 500 ft radii of the defined hot spots. We found that 34 addresses in Dixwell accounted for 70% of total costs for Dixwell. Hot spotting is a straightforward, approachable, and easily understood method for ACOs and hospitals to begin to address population health.
文摘Expulsion is an undesired event during resistance spot welding because the weld quality deteriorates. It is the ejection of molten metal from the weld nugget which usually occurs due to applying a high current for a short welding time. Expulsion has a significant impact on the final yield strength of the weld, thus the detection and characterization of expulsion events is significant for the quality assurance of resistance spot welds. In this study, hardness mapping, using a scanning hardness machine, was used as a quality assurance technique for re- sistance spot welding. Hardness tests were conducted on a resistance spot welded sample to prepare a hardness map. The test results showed good correlation between the hardness map and metallographic cross sections. The technique also provided further fundamental understand- ing of the resistance spot welding process, especially regarding the occurrence of expulsion in the nugget.
基金the Peanut Foundation (04-811-16)the National Peanut Board (RIA16PID456BID1426-CC)+1 种基金Alabama Peanut Producers Associationthe Hatch program of the USDA-NIFA
文摘Tomato spotted wilt(TSW)is a serious virus disease of peanut in the United States.Breeding for TSWV resistance would be facilitated by the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs;however,genes associated with resistance have not been identified.Association mapping is a type of genetic mapping that can exploit relationships between markers and traits in many lineages.The objectives of this study were to examine genetic diversity and population structure in the U.S.peanut mini-core collection using simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers,and to conduct association mapping between SSR markers and TSWV resistance in cultivated peanuts.One hundred and thirty-three SSR markers were used for genotyping 104 accessions.Four subpopulations,generally corresponding to botanical varieties,were classified by population structure analysis.Association mapping analysis indicated that five markers:pP GPseq5D5,GM1135,GM1991,TC23C08,and TC24C06,were consistently associated with TSW resistance by the Q,PCA,Q+K,and PCA+K models.These markers together explained 36.4%of the phenotypic variance.Moreover,pP GPseq5D5 and GM1991 were associated with both visual symptoms of TSWV and ELISA values with a high R^2.The potential of these markers for use in a marker-assisted selection program to breed peanut for resistance to TSWV is discussed.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology (Grant No. ZZKT200801)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2011AA10A101)Central Public Interest Research Institute Special Fund in China (Grant No. 2009RG001-2)
文摘A light brown spotted-leaf mutant of rice was isolated from an ethane methyl sulfonate （EMS）- induced IR64 mutant bank. The mutant, designated as Ibsll （light brown spotted-leaf 1）, displayed light brown spot in the whole growth period from the first leaf to the flag leaf under natural summer field conditions. Agronomic traits including plant height, growth duration, number of filled grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the mutant were significantly affected. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively named Ibsll（t）, which was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6. By developing simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers, the gene was finally delimited to an interval of 130 kb between markers RM586 and RM588. The Ibsll（t） gene is likely a novel rice spotted-leaf gene since no other similar genes have been identified near the chromosomal region. The genetic data and recombination populations provided will facilitate further fine-mapping and cloning of the gene.
文摘On the one hand,the successful launch of the SPOT 5 satellite in 2002 can be seen as a milestone for DEM extraction and mapping,because its payload includes HRS,a stereoscopic imaging instrument devoted to collection of large areas.Operating in panchromaticmode,the HRS instrument has two telescopes,one pointing forward and one aft of the satellite.HRS is thus able to cover an area of 600 km×120 km in a single pass(ie 72000 km^2 stereoscopic strips).Moreover,SPOT 5 is able to collect stereoscopic triplets,through a simultaneousactivation of HRG sensors in vertical mode,which will overcome the difficulty of terrain shadow in DEM matching.Meanwhile the extremelyprecise ancillary metadata of SPOT 5 allows accurate geometric processing with sparse ground control points.Thus SPOT 5 stereoscopicimagery becomes one of main satellite data sources for accurate DEM extraction and quickly mapping large area.The current status and coverageof stereoscopic HRS imagery as well as the metadata of SPOT 5 will be briefly exposed.One the second hand,about 2 million km^2 in west China never has been covered by 1:50000 scale topographic maps for several decades.The area contains the famous Qingzang plateau with average 5000m altitude and boundless Talimu basin desert.Mapping this area withtraditional methods had unimaginable difficulties and was impossible to complete at all.With the high technology advancing,especially thegreat progresses in geomatics,it is the time to start to map the area with new geo-information technologies.So in 2006,China decided to initiatea large project,named 1:50000 scale topographic mapping of west China(ab.west China topographic mapping project),in order to getthe 1:50000 scale topographic maps(DEM,DOM and DLG)of that area within next 5 years.As we know the weather is extremely atrociousand a lot of sites are out of reach in that area,mapping from aero-born and satellite remote sensing imagery with spares ground control pointswas determined to be the main solution for the project.Within the several satellite remote sensing data used in the project,SPOT 5 dataplayed an important role with its distinguished characteristics.The paper will present the methodology of mapping from SPOT 5 data developed and implemented by CASM.The methodology emphasizesto use as spares ground control points as possible to facilitate the data processing.A simple general geometric RPC sensor model was establishedinstead of the complex rigorous SPOT 5 sensor model.The model has been validated in several test sites using SPOT 5 HRS trips.Theresults proved that the model has the same accuracy as the rigorous model and just needs sparse ground control points to carry out the triangulation.Then,High precise matching algorithms considering feature points and feature lines were used to extract DEM from HRS stereo images ortriplets.Comparing with some results get from other satellite images shows that the DEM has very fine textures.Contour lines were experimentedto be interpolated automatically by DEM and DOM products were made finally.Sanjiangyuan block is one of the 8 mapping blocks of the project.It locates on the north of Qingzang plateau with average 4500m altitudeand 120000 km^2 area.In 2006,250 sheets of maps of the block were produced using the methodology.Over 100 ground control points within6 maps were accurately measured in field with GPS to assess the accuracy of DEM,DOM and DLG products.The presentation will detail theaccuracy assessment results,and give some comparison results of contour lines obtained by automatic interpolation with DEM and by manualstereo measurements.In conclusion,the methodology of large area mapping with SPOT 5 data and spares ground control points is successfully established in thewest China mapping project.It was,proved that the accuracy satisfied our standard demand of 1:50000 scale map.Furthermore the west Chinamapping project can be an example for other mapping projects in difficult mapping areas considering weather,altitude and transport conditions,etc.
文摘Land cover map for a part of North Sinai was produced using the FAO—Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of 2004. The standard FAO classification scheme provides a standardized system of classification that can be used to analyze spatial and temporal land cover variability in the study area. This approach also has the advantage of facilitating the integration of Sinai land cover mapping products to be included with the regional and global land cover datasets. The total study area is 7450 km2 (1,773,842) feddans. The landscape classification was performed on SPOT4 data acquired in 2011 using combined multi-spectral bands of 20 meter spatial resolution. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to edit the classification result in order to reach the maximum possible accuracy. GIS was also used to include all necessary information. The identified vegetative land cover classes of the study area are irrigated herbaceous crops, irrigated tree crops and rain fed tree crops. The non-vegetated land covers in the study area include: bare rock, bare soil, bare soil stony, bare soil very stony, bare soil salt crusts, loose and shifting sands and sand dunes. The water bodies were classified as artificial perennial water bodies (fish ponds and irrigated canals) and natural perennial water bodies as lakes (standing) and rivers (flowing). Artificial surfaces in the study area include linear and non-linear. The produced maps and the statistics of the different land covers are included in the following sub-sections.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61175038)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No.11JC1405800)
文摘To classify the quality of the resistance spot welding process, a relationship between the welder electrode displacement curve characteristics and the weld shear force has been explored. Eleven statistical features of the displacement signMs are extracted to represent the welding quality. Self-organizing map （SOM） neural networks have been employed to discover their quantitative relationship. In order to identify the influence of various displacement curve features, all of the available combinations have been used as inputs for SOM neural networks. Further we analyze the impact of each feature on the classification results, yielding the best quality-indicative combination of characteristics. There is no determinant relationship between the welding quality and the level of expulsion rate. The quality of welding is most impacted by the maximum electrode displacement, the span of welding process and the centroid of the electrode displacement curve. The experiments show that SOM is feasible to assess the welding quality and can render the visualized intuitive evaluation results.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001363)
文摘This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables, as well as spectral variables. Based on the fitted GAMs model, probability map of species occurrence was generated and then vegetation type of each grid was defined according to the probability of species occurrence. Deviance analysis was employed to test the goodness of curve fitting and drop contribution calculation was used to evaluate the contribution of each predictor in the fitted GAMs models. Area under curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the results maps of probability. The results showed that: 1) AUC values of the fitted GAMs models are very high which proves that integrating spectral data and environmental variables based on the GAMs is a feasible way to map the vegetation. 2) Prediction accuracy varies with plant community, and community with dense cover is better predicted than sparse plant community. 3) Both spectral variables and environmental variables play an important role in mapping the vegetation. However, the contribution of the same predictor in the GAMs models for different plant communities is different. 4) Insufficient resolution of spectral data, environmental data and confounding effects of land use and other variables which are not closely related to the environmental conditions are the major causes of imprecision.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.30670231)Public Service Project of Lab Animal Science(NO.2008F80005)SRF for ROCS,SEM
文摘N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU） mutagenesis in mice can be used to study gene function in vivo and to establish genetic mouse models of human disease. In this study, a white spotted mouse （named Kit^W-1 Bao） was obtained by ENU-induced mutagenesis. Inheritance testing showed a single-gene dominant mutation and lethality in the Kit^W-1 Bao homozygous mice. The mutation was mapped to Chromosome 5 between markers DSMit356 and DSMit308. The region contains the Kit gene, whose mutations are known to lead to pigmentation defects in mice. Sequence analysis of the Kit cDNA from Kit^W-1 Bao heterozygotes revealed an A to T missense mutation resulting in an amino acid substitution of Asp （D） by Val （V） at amino acid position 849 within a highly conserved tyrosine kinase domain. The combined phenotype displayed by the Kit^W-1 Bao heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice demonstrates the critical function of the highly conserved aspartie acid residue at position 849 in the Kit gene product
