Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 ...Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 and FinTech applications such as Supply Chain Finance(SCF).Blockchain sharding has been proposed to improve blockchain performance.However,the existing sharding methods either use a static sharding strategy,which lacks the adaptability for the dynamic SCF environment,or are designed for public chains,which are not applicable to consortium blockchain-based SCF.To address these issues,we propose an adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework named ACSarF,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning algorithm.The proposed framework can improve consortium blockchain sharding to effectively reduce transaction delay and adaptively adjust the sharding and blockout strategies to increase the transaction success rate in a dynamic SCF environment.Furthermore,we propose to use a consistent hash algorithm in the ACSarF framework to ensure transaction load balancing in the adaptive sharding system to further improve the performance of blockchain sharding in dynamic SCF scenarios.To evaluate the proposed framework,we conducted extensive experiments in a typical SCF scenario.The obtained experimental results show that the ACSarF framework achieves a more than 60%improvement in user experience compared to other state-of-the-art blockchain systems.展开更多
With the development of sharded blockchains,high cross-shard rates and load imbalance have emerged as major challenges.Account partitioning based on hashing and real-time load faces the issue of high cross-shard rates...With the development of sharded blockchains,high cross-shard rates and load imbalance have emerged as major challenges.Account partitioning based on hashing and real-time load faces the issue of high cross-shard rates.Account partitioning based on historical transaction graphs is effective in reducing cross-shard rates but suffers from load imbalance and limited adaptability to dynamic workloads.Meanwhile,because of the coupling between consensus and execution,a target shard must receive both the partitioned transactions and the partitioned accounts before initiating consensus and execution.However,we observe that transaction partitioning and subsequent consensus do not require actual account data but only need to determine the relative partition order between shards.Therefore,we propose a novel sharded blockchain,called HATLedger,based on Hybrid Account and Transaction partitioning.First,HATLedger proposes building a future transaction graph to detect upcoming hotspot accounts and making more precise account partitioning to reduce transaction cross-shard rates.In the event of an impending overload,the source shard employs simulated partition transactions to specify the partition order across multiple target shards,thereby rapidly partitioning the pending transactions.The target shards can reach consensus on received transactions without waiting for account data.The source shard subsequently sends the account data to the corresponding target shards in the order specified by the previously simulated partition transactions.Based on real transaction history from Ethereum,we conducted extensive sharding scalability experiments.By maintaining low cross-shard rates and a relatively balanced load distribution,HATLedger achieves throughput improvements of 2.2x,1.9x,and 1.8x over SharPer,Shard Scheduler,and TxAllo,respectively,significantly enhancing efficiency and scalability.展开更多
The mega-constellation is a major future development direction for space-based technologies in communications,navigation,remote sensing,and other fields.However,there are marked security threats to the mega-constellat...The mega-constellation is a major future development direction for space-based technologies in communications,navigation,remote sensing,and other fields.However,there are marked security threats to the mega-constellation.Traditional password-based security protection techniques are inefficient for vast node access authentication because they lack a unified management system and methodology.To address the aforementioned issues,this work presents a mega-constellation node security access authentication technique based on sharding blockchain via the“1+N+1”mega-constellation security and trustworthiness architecture.We build a distributed node security access authentication system based on functional domains and functional cross-domains,and we develop mathematical models for the complexity of messaging and space,the throughput of transactions,and the overall estimation of sharding blockchain systems.The results demonstrate that every indicator outperforms conventional blockchain techniques,which has major implications for mega-constellation by creating a complete link security and trustworthiness system.A universal solution for the number of consensus nodes I and the number of shards N is found,which can be used to guide parameter design in mega-constellation sharding blockchain systems.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things(IoT),the typical application of wireless body area networks(WBANs)based smart healthcare has drawn wide attention from all sectors of society.To alleviate the press...With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things(IoT),the typical application of wireless body area networks(WBANs)based smart healthcare has drawn wide attention from all sectors of society.To alleviate the pressing challenges,such as resource limitations,low-latency service provision,mass data processing,rigid security demands,and the lack of a central entity,the advanced solutions of fog computing,software-defined networking(SDN)and blockchain are leveraged in this work.On the basis of these solutions,a task offloading strategy with a centralized low-latency,secure and reliable decision-making algorithm having powerful emergency handling capacity(LSRDM-EH)is designed to facilitate the resource-constrained edge devices for task offloading.Additionally,to well ensure the security of the entire network,a comprehensive blockchain-based two-layer and multidimensional security strategy is proposed.Furthermore,to tackle the inherent time-inefficiency problem of blockchain,we propose a blockchain sharding scheme to reduce system time latency.Extensive simulation has been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed measures,and numerical results verify the superiority of our methods with lower time-latency,higher reliability and security.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3302300)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (No.61873309,No.92046024,No.92146002)Shanghai Science and Technology Project under Grant (No.22510761000)。
文摘Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 and FinTech applications such as Supply Chain Finance(SCF).Blockchain sharding has been proposed to improve blockchain performance.However,the existing sharding methods either use a static sharding strategy,which lacks the adaptability for the dynamic SCF environment,or are designed for public chains,which are not applicable to consortium blockchain-based SCF.To address these issues,we propose an adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework named ACSarF,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning algorithm.The proposed framework can improve consortium blockchain sharding to effectively reduce transaction delay and adaptively adjust the sharding and blockout strategies to increase the transaction success rate in a dynamic SCF environment.Furthermore,we propose to use a consistent hash algorithm in the ACSarF framework to ensure transaction load balancing in the adaptive sharding system to further improve the performance of blockchain sharding in dynamic SCF scenarios.To evaluate the proposed framework,we conducted extensive experiments in a typical SCF scenario.The obtained experimental results show that the ACSarF framework achieves a more than 60%improvement in user experience compared to other state-of-the-art blockchain systems.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0209000)the NSFC(Grant No.U23B2019)。
文摘With the development of sharded blockchains,high cross-shard rates and load imbalance have emerged as major challenges.Account partitioning based on hashing and real-time load faces the issue of high cross-shard rates.Account partitioning based on historical transaction graphs is effective in reducing cross-shard rates but suffers from load imbalance and limited adaptability to dynamic workloads.Meanwhile,because of the coupling between consensus and execution,a target shard must receive both the partitioned transactions and the partitioned accounts before initiating consensus and execution.However,we observe that transaction partitioning and subsequent consensus do not require actual account data but only need to determine the relative partition order between shards.Therefore,we propose a novel sharded blockchain,called HATLedger,based on Hybrid Account and Transaction partitioning.First,HATLedger proposes building a future transaction graph to detect upcoming hotspot accounts and making more precise account partitioning to reduce transaction cross-shard rates.In the event of an impending overload,the source shard employs simulated partition transactions to specify the partition order across multiple target shards,thereby rapidly partitioning the pending transactions.The target shards can reach consensus on received transactions without waiting for account data.The source shard subsequently sends the account data to the corresponding target shards in the order specified by the previously simulated partition transactions.Based on real transaction history from Ethereum,we conducted extensive sharding scalability experiments.By maintaining low cross-shard rates and a relatively balanced load distribution,HATLedger achieves throughput improvements of 2.2x,1.9x,and 1.8x over SharPer,Shard Scheduler,and TxAllo,respectively,significantly enhancing efficiency and scalability.
基金the specific grant from China’s National Social Science Foundation (U23B2025 and U22B2014).
文摘The mega-constellation is a major future development direction for space-based technologies in communications,navigation,remote sensing,and other fields.However,there are marked security threats to the mega-constellation.Traditional password-based security protection techniques are inefficient for vast node access authentication because they lack a unified management system and methodology.To address the aforementioned issues,this work presents a mega-constellation node security access authentication technique based on sharding blockchain via the“1+N+1”mega-constellation security and trustworthiness architecture.We build a distributed node security access authentication system based on functional domains and functional cross-domains,and we develop mathematical models for the complexity of messaging and space,the throughput of transactions,and the overall estimation of sharding blockchain systems.The results demonstrate that every indicator outperforms conventional blockchain techniques,which has major implications for mega-constellation by creating a complete link security and trustworthiness system.A universal solution for the number of consensus nodes I and the number of shards N is found,which can be used to guide parameter design in mega-constellation sharding blockchain systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61761007)the Scientific Research Project of Guangxi University Xingjian College of Science and Liberal Arts(No.Y2021ZK03)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things(IoT),the typical application of wireless body area networks(WBANs)based smart healthcare has drawn wide attention from all sectors of society.To alleviate the pressing challenges,such as resource limitations,low-latency service provision,mass data processing,rigid security demands,and the lack of a central entity,the advanced solutions of fog computing,software-defined networking(SDN)and blockchain are leveraged in this work.On the basis of these solutions,a task offloading strategy with a centralized low-latency,secure and reliable decision-making algorithm having powerful emergency handling capacity(LSRDM-EH)is designed to facilitate the resource-constrained edge devices for task offloading.Additionally,to well ensure the security of the entire network,a comprehensive blockchain-based two-layer and multidimensional security strategy is proposed.Furthermore,to tackle the inherent time-inefficiency problem of blockchain,we propose a blockchain sharding scheme to reduce system time latency.Extensive simulation has been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed measures,and numerical results verify the superiority of our methods with lower time-latency,higher reliability and security.
