The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity comm...The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity communication systems,an integrated framework has been established to analyze the theoretical error performance of polar codes in correlated block fading channels.First,the upper bound on error probabil-ity of polarized channels is derived based on split po-lar spectrum,which is fully determined by covariance channel matrix as well as the block-wise weight distri-bution of the corresponding polar subcode.Further,to facilitate practical implementations,we design a con-struction metric named polarized correlation weight(PCW)to generate polar codes in correlated block fad-ing channels.Finally,simulation results on block error rate indicate that the proposed metric can exhibit both diversity gain and coding gain compared to the con-ventional methods under successive cancellation de-coding.展开更多
This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estima...This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estimation schemes.Specifically,each access point(AP)first uses embedded pilots to estimate the channels of all users based on minimum mean-squared error(MMSE)estimation.Given the high computational cost of MMSE estimation,the low-complexity element-wise MMSE(EW-MMSE)channel estimator and the least-squares(LS)channel estimator without prior statistical information are also analyzed.To reduce non-coherent and coherent interference during uplink payload data transmission,simple centralized decoding(SCD)and large-scale fading decoding(LSFD)are examined.Then,the closedform expressions for uplink spectral efficiency(SE)using MMSE,EW-MMSE,and LS estimators are developed for maximum ratio(MR)combining under LSFD,where each AP may have any number of antennas.The sum SE maximization problem with uplink power control is formulated.Since the maximization problem is non-convex and challenging,a block coordinate descent approach based on the weighted MMSE method is used to get the optimal local solution.Numerical studies demonstrate that LSFD and efficient uplink power control can considerably increase SE in distributed CF m MIMO networks.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor...In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor F distribution.Specifically,we consider a RIS with N reflecting elements between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver to develop a smart environment and also meliorate secure communications.In this regard,we derive the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and average secrecy capacity(ASC).We also analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the SOP and ASC by exploiting the residue approach.Monte-Carlo(MC)simulation results are provided throughout to validate the correctness of the developed analytical results,showing that considering RIS in wireless communication systems has constructive effects on the secrecy performance.展开更多
The received satellite signal amplitude is attenuated greatly due to the strong ionospheric scintillation for lowlatitude regions, which causes the GPS tracking loop＇s loss of lock, the positioning errors to increase...The received satellite signal amplitude is attenuated greatly due to the strong ionospheric scintillation for lowlatitude regions, which causes the GPS tracking loop＇s loss of lock, the positioning errors to increase, and navigation to be interrupted. To solve the above problems, a novel signal processing algorithm is proposed based on the GPS L1 software receiver during strong ionospheric scintillation using the multi-channel intermediate frequency（IF） data sampling system. Tens of thousands of fading events are obtained based on the signal intensity measurement. The amplitude fading characteristics in the lowlatitude region are analyzed,including fading duration, time separation between fades and the numbers of signal intensity fading events. The fading thresholds are set to be 15 and 10 dB, respectively. The main fading time is very short in- 15 dB fading threshold, which generally is less than 20 ms. The main time separation between fades is less than 2 s in a single one-hour period from the time 23： 00 to 24： 00. Therefore, it has the characteristic of a short reacquisition time for the receiver designed to reduce the probability of simultaneous loss of lock for some satellites.Subsequently, the acquisition, tracking and PVT（position,velocity and time） calculations are completed by the customdesigned software receiver. The results show that the impact analysis of ionospheric scintillation on GPS amplitude attenuation in the lowlatitude region is helpful for designing the advanced tracking algorithm and to improve the robustness and accuracy of the GPS receiver.展开更多
The bit error rate （BER） performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DSBPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path f...The bit error rate （BER） performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DSBPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference （MAI） of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.展开更多
We analyze the performance of a twoway satellite-terrestrial decode-and-forward(DF) relay network over non-identical fading channels.In particular,selective physical-layer network coding(SPNC) is employed in the propo...We analyze the performance of a twoway satellite-terrestrial decode-and-forward(DF) relay network over non-identical fading channels.In particular,selective physical-layer network coding(SPNC) is employed in the proposed network to improve the average end-to-end throughput performance.More specifically,by assuming that the DF relay performs instantaneous throughput comparisons before performing corresponding protocols,we derive the expressions of system instantaneous bit-error-rate(BER),instantaneous end-to-end throughput,average end-to-end throughput,single node detection(SND)occurrence probability and average end-to-end BER over non-identical fading channels.Finally,theoretical analyses and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented.Evaluations show that:1) SPNC protocol outperforms the conventional physical-layer network coding(PNC) protocol in infrequent light shadowing(ILS),average shadowing(AS) and frequent heavy shadowing(FHS) Shadowed-Rician fading channels.2) As the satellite-relay channel fading gets more sewere,SPNC protocol can achieve more performance improvement than PNC protocol and the occurrence probability of SND protocol increases progressively.3) The occurrence probability increase of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end throughput in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regime,while the occurrence probability decrease of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end BER in highSNR regime.展开更多
Electrochemical behavior of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 in LiNO3 aqueous solution and its cyclic fading mechanism in electrolytes with different pH values were investigated. CV results show that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has good ele...Electrochemical behavior of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 in LiNO3 aqueous solution and its cyclic fading mechanism in electrolytes with different pH values were investigated. CV results show that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has good electrochemical reversible behaviors in 5 mol/L LiNO3 solution. Meanwhile, the electrode in 5 mol/L LiNO3 with pH value of 12 demonstrates the best electrochemical stability. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results, it is proposed that suppressed charge-transfer resistance is the major reason, which is probably ascribed to the more stable electrode surface and less structure change.展开更多
In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fa...In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.展开更多
To solve the problem that the standard Kalman filter cannot give the optimal solution when the system model and stochastic information are unknown accurately, single fading factor Kalman filter is suitable for simple ...To solve the problem that the standard Kalman filter cannot give the optimal solution when the system model and stochastic information are unknown accurately, single fading factor Kalman filter is suitable for simple systems. But for complex systems with multi-variable, it may not be sufficient to use single fading factor as a multiplier for the covariance matrices. In this paper, a new multiple fading factors Kalman filtering algorithm is presented. By calculating the unbiased estimate of the innovation sequence covariance using fenestration, the fading factor matrix is obtained. Adjusting the covariance matrix of prediction error Pk｜k-1 using fading factor matrix, the algorithm provides different rates of fading for different filter channels. The proposed algorithm is applied to strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS） initial alignment, and simulation and experimental results demonstrate that, the alignment accuracy can be upgraded dramatically when the actual system noise characteristics are different from the pre-set values. The new algorithm is less sensitive to uncertainty noise and has better estimation effect of the parameters. Therefore, it is of significant value in practical applications.展开更多
Spinel LiMn204 was synthesized by a solid-state method. A 204468-size battery was fabricated and stored at 55℃. The structure and morphology of the LiMn204 cathode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scann...Spinel LiMn204 was synthesized by a solid-state method. A 204468-size battery was fabricated and stored at 55℃. The structure and morphology of the LiMn204 cathode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） technique. Energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） was used to analyze the surface component of the carbon anode. The discharge capacities of LiMn204 stored for 0, 24, 48, and 96 h are 106, 98, 96, and 92 mAh·g^-1, respectively. The cyclic performance is improved after storage. The capacity retentions of LiMn204 stored for 0, 24, 48, and 96 h are 83.8%, 85.8%, 86.9%, and 88.6% after 180 cycles. The intensity of all the LiMn204 diffraction peaks is weakened. Mn is detected from the carbon electrode when the battery is stored for 96 h. Cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were used to examine the surface state of the electrode after storage. The results show that the resistance and polarization of LiMn2O4/electrolyte is increased after storage, which is responsible for the fading of capacity.展开更多
The capacity fade of spinel lithium manganese oxide in lithium-ion batteries is a bottleneck challenge for the large-scale application.The traditional opinion is that Mn（Ⅱ） ions in the anode are reduced to the meta...The capacity fade of spinel lithium manganese oxide in lithium-ion batteries is a bottleneck challenge for the large-scale application.The traditional opinion is that Mn（Ⅱ） ions in the anode are reduced to the metallic manganese that helps for catalyzing electrolyte decomposition.This could poison and damage the solid electrolyte interface（SEI） film,leading to the the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.We propose a new mechanism that Mn（Ⅱ） deposites at the anode hinders and/or blocks the intercalation/de-intercalation of lithium ions,which leads to the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.Based on the new mechanism assumption,a kind of new structure with core-shell characteristic is designed to inhabit manganese ion dissolution,thus improving electrochemical cycle performance of the cell.By the way,this mechanism hypothesis is also supported by the results of these experiments.The LiMn2-xTixO4 shell layer enhances cathode resistance to corrosion attack and effectively suppresses dissolution of Mn,then improves battery cycle performance with LiMn_2O_4 cathode,even at high rate and elevated temperature.展开更多
Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling t...Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling the influences of the kinematic model errors are analyzed. A practical example is given. The results of the fading filter and adaptively robust filter are compared and analyzed.展开更多
Sensing coverage is a fundamental design issue in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),while sensor scheduling ensures coverage degree to the monitored event and extends the network lifetime.In this paper,we address k-cover...Sensing coverage is a fundamental design issue in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),while sensor scheduling ensures coverage degree to the monitored event and extends the network lifetime.In this paper,we address k-coverage scheduling problem in dense WSNs,we maintain a connected k-coverage energy efficiently through a novel Hard-Core based Coordinated Scheduling(HCCS),in which hardcore is a thinning process in stochastic geometry that inhibits more than one active sensor covering any area redundantly in a minimum distance. As compared with existing coordinated scheduling,HCCS allows coordination between sensors with little communication overhead.Moreover,due to the traditional sensing models in k-coverage analysis is unsuitable to describe the characteristic of transmit channel in dense WSNs,we propose a novel sensing model integrating Rayleigh Fading and Distribution of Active sensors(RFDA),and derive the coverage measure and k-coverage probability for the monitored event under RFDA. In addition,we analyze the influence factors,i.e. the transmit condition and monitoring degree to the k-coverage probability. Finally,through Monte Carlo simulations,it is shown that the k-coverage probability of HCCS outperforms that of its random scheduling counterpart.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471054).
文摘The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity communication systems,an integrated framework has been established to analyze the theoretical error performance of polar codes in correlated block fading channels.First,the upper bound on error probabil-ity of polarized channels is derived based on split po-lar spectrum,which is fully determined by covariance channel matrix as well as the block-wise weight distri-bution of the corresponding polar subcode.Further,to facilitate practical implementations,we design a con-struction metric named polarized correlation weight(PCW)to generate polar codes in correlated block fad-ing channels.Finally,simulation results on block error rate indicate that the proposed metric can exhibit both diversity gain and coding gain compared to the con-ventional methods under successive cancellation de-coding.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.62020106001)。
文摘This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estimation schemes.Specifically,each access point(AP)first uses embedded pilots to estimate the channels of all users based on minimum mean-squared error(MMSE)estimation.Given the high computational cost of MMSE estimation,the low-complexity element-wise MMSE(EW-MMSE)channel estimator and the least-squares(LS)channel estimator without prior statistical information are also analyzed.To reduce non-coherent and coherent interference during uplink payload data transmission,simple centralized decoding(SCD)and large-scale fading decoding(LSFD)are examined.Then,the closedform expressions for uplink spectral efficiency(SE)using MMSE,EW-MMSE,and LS estimators are developed for maximum ratio(MR)combining under LSFD,where each AP may have any number of antennas.The sum SE maximization problem with uplink power control is formulated.Since the maximization problem is non-convex and challenging,a block coordinate descent approach based on the weighted MMSE method is used to get the optimal local solution.Numerical studies demonstrate that LSFD and efficient uplink power control can considerably increase SE in distributed CF m MIMO networks.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No.10110799.
文摘In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor F distribution.Specifically,we consider a RIS with N reflecting elements between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver to develop a smart environment and also meliorate secure communications.In this regard,we derive the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and average secrecy capacity(ASC).We also analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the SOP and ASC by exploiting the residue approach.Monte-Carlo(MC)simulation results are provided throughout to validate the correctness of the developed analytical results,showing that considering RIS in wireless communication systems has constructive effects on the secrecy performance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars(No.51405203)Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Program for University Prominent Young and Middle-Aged Teachers and Presidentsthe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160699)
文摘The received satellite signal amplitude is attenuated greatly due to the strong ionospheric scintillation for lowlatitude regions, which causes the GPS tracking loop＇s loss of lock, the positioning errors to increase, and navigation to be interrupted. To solve the above problems, a novel signal processing algorithm is proposed based on the GPS L1 software receiver during strong ionospheric scintillation using the multi-channel intermediate frequency（IF） data sampling system. Tens of thousands of fading events are obtained based on the signal intensity measurement. The amplitude fading characteristics in the lowlatitude region are analyzed,including fading duration, time separation between fades and the numbers of signal intensity fading events. The fading thresholds are set to be 15 and 10 dB, respectively. The main fading time is very short in- 15 dB fading threshold, which generally is less than 20 ms. The main time separation between fades is less than 2 s in a single one-hour period from the time 23： 00 to 24： 00. Therefore, it has the characteristic of a short reacquisition time for the receiver designed to reduce the probability of simultaneous loss of lock for some satellites.Subsequently, the acquisition, tracking and PVT（position,velocity and time） calculations are completed by the customdesigned software receiver. The results show that the impact analysis of ionospheric scintillation on GPS amplitude attenuation in the lowlatitude region is helpful for designing the advanced tracking algorithm and to improve the robustness and accuracy of the GPS receiver.
基金The National High Technology Research and Deve-lopment Program of China (863Program) (Nos.2001AA123042,2003AA123330,2005AA123320).
文摘The bit error rate （BER） performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DSBPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference （MAI） of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62071146).
文摘We analyze the performance of a twoway satellite-terrestrial decode-and-forward(DF) relay network over non-identical fading channels.In particular,selective physical-layer network coding(SPNC) is employed in the proposed network to improve the average end-to-end throughput performance.More specifically,by assuming that the DF relay performs instantaneous throughput comparisons before performing corresponding protocols,we derive the expressions of system instantaneous bit-error-rate(BER),instantaneous end-to-end throughput,average end-to-end throughput,single node detection(SND)occurrence probability and average end-to-end BER over non-identical fading channels.Finally,theoretical analyses and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented.Evaluations show that:1) SPNC protocol outperforms the conventional physical-layer network coding(PNC) protocol in infrequent light shadowing(ILS),average shadowing(AS) and frequent heavy shadowing(FHS) Shadowed-Rician fading channels.2) As the satellite-relay channel fading gets more sewere,SPNC protocol can achieve more performance improvement than PNC protocol and the occurrence probability of SND protocol increases progressively.3) The occurrence probability increase of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end throughput in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regime,while the occurrence probability decrease of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end BER in highSNR regime.
基金Project(21301193)supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013M530356)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded+1 种基金Project(CUSZC201303)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Central South Universitythe Open-End Found for Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South University
文摘Electrochemical behavior of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 in LiNO3 aqueous solution and its cyclic fading mechanism in electrolytes with different pH values were investigated. CV results show that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has good electrochemical reversible behaviors in 5 mol/L LiNO3 solution. Meanwhile, the electrode in 5 mol/L LiNO3 with pH value of 12 demonstrates the best electrochemical stability. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results, it is proposed that suppressed charge-transfer resistance is the major reason, which is probably ascribed to the more stable electrode surface and less structure change.
文摘In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.
基金Pre-research Foundation of PLA General Armaments Department （51309010602） National Natural Science Foundation of China （60774002）
文摘To solve the problem that the standard Kalman filter cannot give the optimal solution when the system model and stochastic information are unknown accurately, single fading factor Kalman filter is suitable for simple systems. But for complex systems with multi-variable, it may not be sufficient to use single fading factor as a multiplier for the covariance matrices. In this paper, a new multiple fading factors Kalman filtering algorithm is presented. By calculating the unbiased estimate of the innovation sequence covariance using fenestration, the fading factor matrix is obtained. Adjusting the covariance matrix of prediction error Pk｜k-1 using fading factor matrix, the algorithm provides different rates of fading for different filter channels. The proposed algorithm is applied to strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS） initial alignment, and simulation and experimental results demonstrate that, the alignment accuracy can be upgraded dramatically when the actual system noise characteristics are different from the pre-set values. The new algorithm is less sensitive to uncertainty noise and has better estimation effect of the parameters. Therefore, it is of significant value in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB613607)
文摘Spinel LiMn204 was synthesized by a solid-state method. A 204468-size battery was fabricated and stored at 55℃. The structure and morphology of the LiMn204 cathode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） technique. Energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） was used to analyze the surface component of the carbon anode. The discharge capacities of LiMn204 stored for 0, 24, 48, and 96 h are 106, 98, 96, and 92 mAh·g^-1, respectively. The cyclic performance is improved after storage. The capacity retentions of LiMn204 stored for 0, 24, 48, and 96 h are 83.8%, 85.8%, 86.9%, and 88.6% after 180 cycles. The intensity of all the LiMn204 diffraction peaks is weakened. Mn is detected from the carbon electrode when the battery is stored for 96 h. Cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were used to examine the surface state of the electrode after storage. The results show that the resistance and polarization of LiMn2O4/electrolyte is increased after storage, which is responsible for the fading of capacity.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21561016,21661015)Jiangxi Provincial Science&Technology Program(Nos.20133BBE50010,20142BDH80020,and 20161BBE50052)Science&Technology Program of Jiangxi Provincial Education Bureau(No.GJJ150775)
文摘The capacity fade of spinel lithium manganese oxide in lithium-ion batteries is a bottleneck challenge for the large-scale application.The traditional opinion is that Mn（Ⅱ） ions in the anode are reduced to the metallic manganese that helps for catalyzing electrolyte decomposition.This could poison and damage the solid electrolyte interface（SEI） film,leading to the the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.We propose a new mechanism that Mn（Ⅱ） deposites at the anode hinders and/or blocks the intercalation/de-intercalation of lithium ions,which leads to the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.Based on the new mechanism assumption,a kind of new structure with core-shell characteristic is designed to inhabit manganese ion dissolution,thus improving electrochemical cycle performance of the cell.By the way,this mechanism hypothesis is also supported by the results of these experiments.The LiMn2-xTixO4 shell layer enhances cathode resistance to corrosion attack and effectively suppresses dissolution of Mn,then improves battery cycle performance with LiMn_2O_4 cathode,even at high rate and elevated temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.40174009, No.40274002）.
文摘Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling the influences of the kinematic model errors are analyzed. A practical example is given. The results of the fading filter and adaptively robust filter are compared and analyzed.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 61271186
文摘Sensing coverage is a fundamental design issue in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),while sensor scheduling ensures coverage degree to the monitored event and extends the network lifetime.In this paper,we address k-coverage scheduling problem in dense WSNs,we maintain a connected k-coverage energy efficiently through a novel Hard-Core based Coordinated Scheduling(HCCS),in which hardcore is a thinning process in stochastic geometry that inhibits more than one active sensor covering any area redundantly in a minimum distance. As compared with existing coordinated scheduling,HCCS allows coordination between sensors with little communication overhead.Moreover,due to the traditional sensing models in k-coverage analysis is unsuitable to describe the characteristic of transmit channel in dense WSNs,we propose a novel sensing model integrating Rayleigh Fading and Distribution of Active sensors(RFDA),and derive the coverage measure and k-coverage probability for the monitored event under RFDA. In addition,we analyze the influence factors,i.e. the transmit condition and monitoring degree to the k-coverage probability. Finally,through Monte Carlo simulations,it is shown that the k-coverage probability of HCCS outperforms that of its random scheduling counterpart.
