In this paper,a sexually transmitted disease model is proposed on complex networks,where contacts between humans are treated as a scale-free social network.There are three groups in our model,which are dangerous male,...In this paper,a sexually transmitted disease model is proposed on complex networks,where contacts between humans are treated as a scale-free social network.There are three groups in our model,which are dangerous male,non-dangerous male,and female.By mathematical analysis,we obtain the basic reproduction number for the existence of endemic equilibrium and study the effects of various immunization schemes about different groups.Furthermore,numerical simulations are undertaken to verify more conclusions.展开更多
Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated c...Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.展开更多
Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan province, China, has a high prevalence of HIV infection, which is reflective of a change in the mode of transmission from injection drug use （IDU） to heterosexual intercourse. However...Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan province, China, has a high prevalence of HIV infection, which is reflective of a change in the mode of transmission from injection drug use （IDU） to heterosexual intercourse. However, few studies focus on HIV-related heterosexual risk behaviours among the majority Yi population. The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of an egocentric sexual network and estimate the prevalence of casual sexual behaviour. Yi villagers （n= 108）, aged 15-35 years, who reported having had sex within the previous year were interviewed as to their sexual behaviours and networks. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions provided supplementary information on sexual norms. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs）. Most of the respondents reported having had casual sex at some time in their life, and 66.7% reported multiple sexual partnerships. Only 21.3% reported ever having used a condom. During the study year, a total of 137 partners were involved in 153 sexual partnerships. Among the reported sexual partnerships, 67.3% originated from a casual sexual relationship. For network members in components of size ≥3, 56,9% were involved in concurrent sexual partnerships. Having never been married （OR： 2.11; 95% CI： 1.03-4.33） and younger age （OR： 0.89; 95% CI： 0.83-0.95） were both associated with being in a component of size ≥3. Size （OR： 2.99; 95% Ch 1.17-7.66）, pair （OR： 0.54; 95% Ch 0.039-0.74）, the number of weak components of the egocentric sexual network （OR- 30.04; 95% Ch 6.47-139.46） and gender （OR. 0. 19; 95% Ch. 0.06-0.67） were all associated with being in concurrent sexual partnerships. HIV-related interventions for the Yi ethnic minority in Sichuan province must therefore address concurrent sexual partnerships and promote condom use.展开更多
目的:系统评价性行为促进10 mm以内输尿管结石排出的临床效果,为此提供相应循证医学证据。方法:本研究检索并纳入了知网、万方、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science(WOS)及Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)中2023...目的:系统评价性行为促进10 mm以内输尿管结石排出的临床效果,为此提供相应循证医学证据。方法:本研究检索并纳入了知网、万方、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science(WOS)及Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)中2023年5月31日前有关性行为促进输尿管结石排出的文献,提取排石率、排石时间及日需止疼药物剂次等数据,应用ADDIS 1.16.8进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析,应用STATA 16.0进行敏感性分析。结果:纳入4篇随机对照试验(RCT)研究,共416名患者。患者结石直径均在10 mm以下,其被分为常规治疗组、性行为组(3~4次/周性行为)及坦索罗辛组。两两对比结果表明,性行为组排石率、排石时间及日需止疼剂次优于常规治疗组;性行为组排石率高于坦索罗辛组,但其排石时间及日需止疼剂次与坦索罗辛组无明显差异。敏感性分析提示,排石时间及日需止疼剂次(性行为组vs常规治疗组)分析结果稳健。贝叶斯网状Meta分析结果表明,研究模型一致性及收敛性良好,常规治疗组排石率明显低于性行为组及坦索罗辛组,性行为组排石率明显高于坦索罗辛组;常规治疗组日需止疼药物剂次明显高于性行为组。排石率、排石时间及日需止疼药物剂次等级排序结果皆提示:性行为组>坦索罗辛组>常规治疗组。结论:对于输尿管下段10 mm以内结石而言,3~4次/周性行为可促进其排出,可能是一种有效的非手术治疗手段。展开更多
目的了解浦东新区男男性行为人群(MSM,Man who has sex with man)艾滋病相关的社会环境、性伴网络、健康行为及健康需求情况,为针对该人群制定更加有效的干预措施提供依据。方法于2014年12月通过VCT(HIV Voluntary Counseling&Testi...目的了解浦东新区男男性行为人群(MSM,Man who has sex with man)艾滋病相关的社会环境、性伴网络、健康行为及健康需求情况,为针对该人群制定更加有效的干预措施提供依据。方法于2014年12月通过VCT(HIV Voluntary Counseling&Testing)、NGO组织(Non-Governmental Organizations)、网络同志聊天群等途径随机招募访谈对象,根据自行设计的半结构式访谈提纲开展访谈,样本量根据"信息饱和"原则确定,共访谈MSM对象30名。结果访谈结果提示上海地区MSM人群在男性人口中的的比例较高且流动性较大,网络媒体和手机软件是该人群寻找性伴的主要方式;一般情况下安全套使用率较高,但在年龄偏大、教育程度低以及固定性伴的MSM人群中安全套使用率较低;目前社会对男同存在不认同和歧视等现象,MSM人群对艾滋病防治工作的主要建议包括加强多部门合作、宣传教育、干预检测、队伍建设、传染源管理、药物研发、权益保护、社会保障及公益活动等。结论应加强MSM人群的宣传教育和行为干预,提高安全性行为意识,通过正面的宣传和引导营造更加包容的社会环境,开展综合措施预防艾滋病的传播。展开更多
目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻...目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻找性伴、31.9%为放松心理、14.5%为交友;认为网络对自己行为影响很大、较大分别为27.1%、27.9%,认为较小、很小分别为4.6%、2.5%;51.0%以网络进入MSM圈子,69.0%以网络寻找性伴。网络性伴平均年龄为(24.8±6.4)岁,低于其他性伴类型的(36.1±13.5)岁(t′=-7.808,P=0.000),年龄越小、文化程度越高网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=106.322、68.398,P均<0.01),学生及干部职员/其他职业、未婚、同性性取向者网络性伴较高(P均<0.01)。认识当地MSM朋友数≥6,近6月性伴居住城市数≥2,知晓HIV知识,来自咨询服务、来自互联网者网络性伴比例较多,HIV知识信息来自朋友者较少(P均<0.05)。首次性行为年龄越小、累计男性固定性伴数越多、近1周肛交次数越少者网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=15.903、32.802、13.583,P均<0.01);首次性行为对象为男性,近6月性伴数≤3、有男性固定性伴、有保护性主动肛交、有保护性被动肛交者网络性伴比例较大,有女性性行为、有女性固定性伴者网络性伴较少(P均<0.05)。结论 MSM网络活动极为普遍,网络对HIV防治的正面效应和负面作用互显,应针对性探索和加大更适合网络活动MSM特性的网络干预。展开更多
[目的]了解男男性行为者（men who have sex with men,MSM）人群社会网络及性行为特征,为MSM人群干预提供参考。[方法]采用统一设计的问卷进行面对面调查,并用描述性、卡方检验等方法进行分析。[结果]151名被调查对象拥有128个社交网络...[目的]了解男男性行为者（men who have sex with men,MSM）人群社会网络及性行为特征,为MSM人群干预提供参考。[方法]采用统一设计的问卷进行面对面调查,并用描述性、卡方检验等方法进行分析。[结果]151名被调查对象拥有128个社交网络;网络大小为2~6个节点,其中≥4个节点的占32.93%;网络密度为0.40~1.00,中位数为1.00;社会网络成员中,男性占85.86%,≤30岁者占73.73%,大学及以上文化程度者占49.93%,被调查对象与社交对象年龄、文化程度的构成差异无统计学意义。297名社交对象中,属于朋友或同学者占61.62%,同事占15.15%,性伴占12.12%,亲属占11.11%;56.23%是MSM;24.58%曾与被调查对象发生性行为,其中76.71%在过去6个月发生过性关系。被调查对象首次与男性发生性行为的年龄为13~40岁,平均（22.73±5.14）岁;在过去6个月中,男性伴个数为1~101个,中位数为2个;60.93%有2个以上男性伴,与固定男性伴、多次男性伴、偶遇男性伴、商业男性伴、异性性伴不安全性行为发生率分别为51.65%、46.05%、36.84%、75.00%和53.33%。[结论]MSM人群多性伴、无保护性行为普遍,社会网络是艾滋病危险行为扩散的重要影响因素,应根据各地区网络社交的特点,开展针对性艾滋病防治。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10901145)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Grant Nos. 2009011005-1 and 2012011002-1)the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi Province,China
文摘In this paper,a sexually transmitted disease model is proposed on complex networks,where contacts between humans are treated as a scale-free social network.There are three groups in our model,which are dangerous male,non-dangerous male,and female.By mathematical analysis,we obtain the basic reproduction number for the existence of endemic equilibrium and study the effects of various immunization schemes about different groups.Furthermore,numerical simulations are undertaken to verify more conclusions.
文摘Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.
文摘Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan province, China, has a high prevalence of HIV infection, which is reflective of a change in the mode of transmission from injection drug use （IDU） to heterosexual intercourse. However, few studies focus on HIV-related heterosexual risk behaviours among the majority Yi population. The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of an egocentric sexual network and estimate the prevalence of casual sexual behaviour. Yi villagers （n= 108）, aged 15-35 years, who reported having had sex within the previous year were interviewed as to their sexual behaviours and networks. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions provided supplementary information on sexual norms. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs）. Most of the respondents reported having had casual sex at some time in their life, and 66.7% reported multiple sexual partnerships. Only 21.3% reported ever having used a condom. During the study year, a total of 137 partners were involved in 153 sexual partnerships. Among the reported sexual partnerships, 67.3% originated from a casual sexual relationship. For network members in components of size ≥3, 56,9% were involved in concurrent sexual partnerships. Having never been married （OR： 2.11; 95% CI： 1.03-4.33） and younger age （OR： 0.89; 95% CI： 0.83-0.95） were both associated with being in a component of size ≥3. Size （OR： 2.99; 95% Ch 1.17-7.66）, pair （OR： 0.54; 95% Ch 0.039-0.74）, the number of weak components of the egocentric sexual network （OR- 30.04; 95% Ch 6.47-139.46） and gender （OR. 0. 19; 95% Ch. 0.06-0.67） were all associated with being in concurrent sexual partnerships. HIV-related interventions for the Yi ethnic minority in Sichuan province must therefore address concurrent sexual partnerships and promote condom use.
文摘目的:系统评价性行为促进10 mm以内输尿管结石排出的临床效果,为此提供相应循证医学证据。方法:本研究检索并纳入了知网、万方、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science(WOS)及Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)中2023年5月31日前有关性行为促进输尿管结石排出的文献,提取排石率、排石时间及日需止疼药物剂次等数据,应用ADDIS 1.16.8进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析,应用STATA 16.0进行敏感性分析。结果:纳入4篇随机对照试验(RCT)研究,共416名患者。患者结石直径均在10 mm以下,其被分为常规治疗组、性行为组(3~4次/周性行为)及坦索罗辛组。两两对比结果表明,性行为组排石率、排石时间及日需止疼剂次优于常规治疗组;性行为组排石率高于坦索罗辛组,但其排石时间及日需止疼剂次与坦索罗辛组无明显差异。敏感性分析提示,排石时间及日需止疼剂次(性行为组vs常规治疗组)分析结果稳健。贝叶斯网状Meta分析结果表明,研究模型一致性及收敛性良好,常规治疗组排石率明显低于性行为组及坦索罗辛组,性行为组排石率明显高于坦索罗辛组;常规治疗组日需止疼药物剂次明显高于性行为组。排石率、排石时间及日需止疼药物剂次等级排序结果皆提示:性行为组>坦索罗辛组>常规治疗组。结论:对于输尿管下段10 mm以内结石而言,3~4次/周性行为可促进其排出,可能是一种有效的非手术治疗手段。
文摘目的了解浦东新区男男性行为人群(MSM,Man who has sex with man)艾滋病相关的社会环境、性伴网络、健康行为及健康需求情况,为针对该人群制定更加有效的干预措施提供依据。方法于2014年12月通过VCT(HIV Voluntary Counseling&Testing)、NGO组织(Non-Governmental Organizations)、网络同志聊天群等途径随机招募访谈对象,根据自行设计的半结构式访谈提纲开展访谈,样本量根据"信息饱和"原则确定,共访谈MSM对象30名。结果访谈结果提示上海地区MSM人群在男性人口中的的比例较高且流动性较大,网络媒体和手机软件是该人群寻找性伴的主要方式;一般情况下安全套使用率较高,但在年龄偏大、教育程度低以及固定性伴的MSM人群中安全套使用率较低;目前社会对男同存在不认同和歧视等现象,MSM人群对艾滋病防治工作的主要建议包括加强多部门合作、宣传教育、干预检测、队伍建设、传染源管理、药物研发、权益保护、社会保障及公益活动等。结论应加强MSM人群的宣传教育和行为干预,提高安全性行为意识,通过正面的宣传和引导营造更加包容的社会环境,开展综合措施预防艾滋病的传播。
文摘目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻找性伴、31.9%为放松心理、14.5%为交友;认为网络对自己行为影响很大、较大分别为27.1%、27.9%,认为较小、很小分别为4.6%、2.5%;51.0%以网络进入MSM圈子,69.0%以网络寻找性伴。网络性伴平均年龄为(24.8±6.4)岁,低于其他性伴类型的(36.1±13.5)岁(t′=-7.808,P=0.000),年龄越小、文化程度越高网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=106.322、68.398,P均<0.01),学生及干部职员/其他职业、未婚、同性性取向者网络性伴较高(P均<0.01)。认识当地MSM朋友数≥6,近6月性伴居住城市数≥2,知晓HIV知识,来自咨询服务、来自互联网者网络性伴比例较多,HIV知识信息来自朋友者较少(P均<0.05)。首次性行为年龄越小、累计男性固定性伴数越多、近1周肛交次数越少者网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=15.903、32.802、13.583,P均<0.01);首次性行为对象为男性,近6月性伴数≤3、有男性固定性伴、有保护性主动肛交、有保护性被动肛交者网络性伴比例较大,有女性性行为、有女性固定性伴者网络性伴较少(P均<0.05)。结论 MSM网络活动极为普遍,网络对HIV防治的正面效应和负面作用互显,应针对性探索和加大更适合网络活动MSM特性的网络干预。
文摘[目的]了解男男性行为者（men who have sex with men,MSM）人群社会网络及性行为特征,为MSM人群干预提供参考。[方法]采用统一设计的问卷进行面对面调查,并用描述性、卡方检验等方法进行分析。[结果]151名被调查对象拥有128个社交网络;网络大小为2~6个节点,其中≥4个节点的占32.93%;网络密度为0.40~1.00,中位数为1.00;社会网络成员中,男性占85.86%,≤30岁者占73.73%,大学及以上文化程度者占49.93%,被调查对象与社交对象年龄、文化程度的构成差异无统计学意义。297名社交对象中,属于朋友或同学者占61.62%,同事占15.15%,性伴占12.12%,亲属占11.11%;56.23%是MSM;24.58%曾与被调查对象发生性行为,其中76.71%在过去6个月发生过性关系。被调查对象首次与男性发生性行为的年龄为13~40岁,平均（22.73±5.14）岁;在过去6个月中,男性伴个数为1~101个,中位数为2个;60.93%有2个以上男性伴,与固定男性伴、多次男性伴、偶遇男性伴、商业男性伴、异性性伴不安全性行为发生率分别为51.65%、46.05%、36.84%、75.00%和53.33%。[结论]MSM人群多性伴、无保护性行为普遍,社会网络是艾滋病危险行为扩散的重要影响因素,应根据各地区网络社交的特点,开展针对性艾滋病防治。
