A method of measuring the vortex beam topological charge(TC)is proposed based on a device that can directly extract the plane wave form from the vortex beam in which the different propagation angles of the plane waves...A method of measuring the vortex beam topological charge(TC)is proposed based on a device that can directly extract the plane wave form from the vortex beam in which the different propagation angles of the plane waves are uniquely related to the different TCs.Then the TC can be obtained by simply comparing the energy values perceived by two fixed sensors in the detection location with the help of twin omnidirectional energy absorbers(OEAs).Because the settled detection relies only on the simple quantitative value at two fixed positions,neither pattern recognition nor field analysis procedure is applied,thus allowing faster measurement.Some features of the methodology are investigated,and the numerical simulations verify the feasibility and robustness of the system.展开更多
Fourteen samples of settled dust from two factories processing rice and wheat straw near Shanghai.China, were examined by dilution plating for total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, and fu...Fourteen samples of settled dust from two factories processing rice and wheat straw near Shanghai.China, were examined by dilution plating for total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, and fungi.They were also examined for atlatoxin endotoxin, and potential to stimulate production of human interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and to consume complement.The concentrations of total microorganisms were consistently greater than 10~7 CFU/g and ranged from 10~7 to 10~9 CFU/g.In general, the level of microbial contamination was greater in the hay dust samples than in the rice dust samples, with bacteria being the most numerous microorganisms observed followed by molds, thermophilic actinomycetes, and yeasts.The predominant fungi were species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium.Trichosporon, and Cryplococcus.No significant levels of aflatoxin were observed and the isolates of A.flavus examined lack significant aflatoxigenic potential.The levels of microorganisms in these samples, the types of organisms found, and the inflammatory mediators such as endotoxin suggest that workers exposed to these dusts may be at risk for respiratory illness. 1990 Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, howev...Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, however, may also include non-respiratory signs and symptoms, which may depend upon toxicological characteristics of the substances and host-related factors. The studying of indoor air quality can provide a method for appropriate remedial action. Research suggests that SHD （Settled House Dust） may be a significant source for indoor exposure to different substances. This research study consisted of sampling dust from homes in different area codes. The dust samples were collected from August 2006 thru March 2007 and analyzed using GC/MS （Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry）. The purpose of this research study will display how sampling household dust is a powerful tool for identifying chemicals that contribute to poor indoor air quality.展开更多
China,the big factory offering various commodities to companies and individuals all over the world,is attracting more and more merchants purchasing goods in various ways,through agents,on site,via modern communication...China,the big factory offering various commodities to companies and individuals all over the world,is attracting more and more merchants purchasing goods in various ways,through agents,on site,via modern communication,etc.One essential concern of these merchants is the quality of these commodities.How can the commodity quality be ensured?If there are展开更多
In spring this year,the writershad an interview at JiangsuSuntory Ltd,a Sino-Japanesejoint venture modern foodstuffenterprise founded 11 yearsago with a joint investment ofUS＄25 million,producingmainly Prince Brand b...In spring this year,the writershad an interview at JiangsuSuntory Ltd,a Sino-Japanesejoint venture modern foodstuffenterprise founded 11 yearsago with a joint investment ofUS＄25 million,producingmainly Prince Brand beer andmalt as well as other serialproducts.展开更多
Indoor settled harmattan dusts at seven sampling stations from the University of Agriculture Makurdi were collected between November, 2014 to March, 2015 (five months) using the wipe sampling methodology. Gravimetric ...Indoor settled harmattan dusts at seven sampling stations from the University of Agriculture Makurdi were collected between November, 2014 to March, 2015 (five months) using the wipe sampling methodology. Gravimetric measurement of the dust samples from all the sample locations revealed that dust loading within the institution during the period of assessment ranges from 4.475 - 6.533 g/m2. Masses of indoor settled dust were expectedly higher along high traffic, untarred roads and construction sites as well as in older buildings than others during the period of this study. AAS analysis of the dust samples shows that heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) throughout the sampling stations during the period of investigation range from 0.2372 - 0.7152 for Cu, 293.6 - 884.9 for Fe, 4.265 - 68.55 for Mn and 4.239 - 42.53 for Zn. The concentrations of all the metals investigated were found to be lower when compared with related values in literature and were within acceptable limits during the period of this study. Pearson correlation matrix also shows positive correlation between the possible metal pairs at 95% level of confidence, indicating a similar source which may be from anthropogenic activities within and outside the area.展开更多
In the article,the patients who still had some symptoms after the pacemakershad been settled were reviewed.There were nine cases in which serious clinicalsymptoms existed.The main symptoms were thoracodepression,palpi...In the article,the patients who still had some symptoms after the pacemakershad been settled were reviewed.There were nine cases in which serious clinicalsymptoms existed.The main symptoms were thoracodepression,palpitation,dizzinessand pant,twitch and syncope occurred for serious patients.Six cases were found totake their sources at heart by measuring blood pressure,monitoring and recordingelectrocardiogram,detecting irritability and the threshold limit value of pacemaking,thoracic X-ray checking and Holter etc.In one case after a VVI pacemaker had展开更多
The second round of the annual master's program examinations are underway through May at Chinese universities nationwide.Families are optimistic that their graduate school hopefuls will be wenle(meaning"secur...The second round of the annual master's program examinations are underway through May at Chinese universities nationwide.Families are optimistic that their graduate school hopefuls will be wenle(meaning"secured")after the examinations.展开更多
In early February,the Gaizhou Municipal Government of Liaoning Province and Bosai Group held a signing ceremony for joint construction of a 2.5-million-ton alumina project.It’s learnt that in order to make full use o...In early February,the Gaizhou Municipal Government of Liaoning Province and Bosai Group held a signing ceremony for joint construction of a 2.5-million-ton alumina project.It’s learnt that in order to make full use of its overseas rich bauxite resources and theadvantageous port logistics in Bayuquan,Yingkou,and to strengthen and develop展开更多
On March,Guigang City signed a formal investment agreement with Guangxi Pinglv Group Co.,Ltd.('Pinglv')in Pingguo,known as a County of Aluminum in China.Pinglv’s Chairman Xie Zhiqiang,and Head of Qintang Dist...On March,Guigang City signed a formal investment agreement with Guangxi Pinglv Group Co.,Ltd.('Pinglv')in Pingguo,known as a County of Aluminum in China.Pinglv’s Chairman Xie Zhiqiang,and Head of Qintang District,Guigang City Zhang Jinglian signed the agreement on behalf of the two sides.展开更多
Recently,Hailiang Group’s Southwest copper production base was formally settled in the Jiangjin Luohuang Industrial Park.It’s reported that the project has attracted a total investment of RMB3 billion,covering an ar...Recently,Hailiang Group’s Southwest copper production base was formally settled in the Jiangjin Luohuang Industrial Park.It’s reported that the project has attracted a total investment of RMB3 billion,covering an area of 230 mu with an annual capacity of 90,000-ton copper pipes and60,000-ton copper busbars for air conditioning and refrigeration purposes(3 planned copper pipe production lines for refrigeration purposes,each展开更多
According to the local government depart-ments of Shenzhen on April 15th,a new en-ergy chemical project-carboxylic synthesis and selective oxidation DS-3# project-hasbeen settled in Shenzhen of Guangdongprovince.The p...According to the local government depart-ments of Shenzhen on April 15th,a new en-ergy chemical project-carboxylic synthesis and selective oxidation DS-3# project-hasbeen settled in Shenzhen of Guangdongprovince.The project uses renewable carbohydratessuch as sugarcane,rice straw and stalk as rawmaterials to produce fuel oil additives con-展开更多
USA JM Investment Foundation Corp.decides to set up an"American HealthyIndustries Park"within CangzhouCoastal-port Chemical Industry Zone,Hebei province,northern China.Bothparties have already negotiated on ...USA JM Investment Foundation Corp.decides to set up an"American HealthyIndustries Park"within CangzhouCoastal-port Chemical Industry Zone,Hebei province,northern China.Bothparties have already negotiated on is-sues concerned.Form of展开更多
This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of ...This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of FxTS is independent of the initial values and parameters of the CNs,a modified fixed-time(FxT)stability theorem is proposed,where the ST is determined by an arbitrary positive number given in advance.Then,continuous controller and discontinuous controller are designed to realize the modified FxTS target of CNs.In addition,based on the designed controllers,CNs can achieve synchronization at any given time,or even earlier.And control strategies effectively solve the problem of ST related to the parameters of CNs.Finally,an appropriate simulation example is conducted to examine the effectiveness of the designed control strategies.展开更多
Inexpensive flocculant-modified iron tailings sand(ITS)were converted into effective flocculation materials for cyanobacteria blooms.After composite modification with polyaluminum chloride(PAC)and polyacrylamide(PAM),...Inexpensive flocculant-modified iron tailings sand(ITS)were converted into effective flocculation materials for cyanobacteria blooms.After composite modification with polyaluminum chloride(PAC)and polyacrylamide(PAM),the surface charge of ITS was altered from negative to positive,and surface adhesion was increased by~1.5 times.PAC/PAM-modified ITS(PP-ITS)had strong flocculating effects on cyanobacteria,facilitating their removal.When the dosage of PP-ITS was 150 mg/L and the ratio of flocculant to ITS was 1:20,the elimination rate of cyanobacteria was as high as 90%.The flocs formed were better than those with chitosan-modified clays(CS-CA)and PAC-modified ITS(PAC-ITS)in terms of settling velocity,size,and recovery ability.The positively charged groups in the flocculant,such as-NH_(2) and Al^(3+),are attracted to negatively charged ions on the surface of ITS,altering the surface charge.Additionally,hydrogen bonds could form between amide side groups,and surface adhesion was improved through molecular association.Coupled with the strong bridging and sweeping effects of the flocculant,the flocs generated by PP-ITS formed rapidly and were large and resilient.The use of PP-ITS could effectively treat cyanobacteria blooms as well as solve the problem of ore tailings disposal.These results are of practical importance for engineering strategies to control cyanobacteria blooms,though there are still some issues that need to be addressed,such as how cyanobacteria flocs are collected and utilized after settling.展开更多
Particle settling in narrow rough fractures is a common but poorly understood phenomenon during hydraulic fracturing.This study first constructs a large slot with two rough surfaces to simulate rock fractures and empl...Particle settling in narrow rough fractures is a common but poorly understood phenomenon during hydraulic fracturing.This study first constructs a large slot with two rough surfaces to simulate rock fractures and employs the particle image velocimetry to measure particle settling.Results show that particle settling in the rough slot is more complex than in the smooth slot.Rough pathways significantly change particle settling characteristics.The rough-walled slot alters the classic settling process by creating preferential pathways,localized trapping,and vortex-driven redistribution.Particles settle along preferential pathways,increasing settling velocity.The wall retardation effect becomes more prominent for large particles,reducing the settling velocity.Particle settling induces vortices throughout the rough surface,affecting particle behavior.Higher particle volume fractions increase settling nonuniformity,leading to unstable fluid flow within fractures,characterized by high vorticity and upward flow.The frequent interplay between particles and particle-walls,and fluid resistance complicates particle trajectories and settling behavior.Fluid viscosity significantly changes settling patterns and promotes particle clusters,forming chain-like and curtain-like clusters in rough fractures.An innovative model is proposed to predict settling velocity in rough fractures.展开更多
Pollution of transboundary rivers can result from anthropogenic activities in their watersheds.In this study,sediment traps were deployed to determine the fluxes,concentrations,and health risks associated with arsenic...Pollution of transboundary rivers can result from anthropogenic activities in their watersheds.In this study,sediment traps were deployed to determine the fluxes,concentrations,and health risks associated with arsenic,cadmium,mercury,lead,and iron in the estuaries of three transboundary rivers(Comoé,Bia,and Tanoé)in West Africa.Thus,the analysis of metal-associated sedimentation particle samples collected in rainy,flood,and dry seasons was required.Sediment traps were used to calculate the metal fluxes associated with sedimentation particles towards the Atlantic Ocean.Finally,the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of ingestion and dermal contact associated with sedimentation particles were assessed.The results showed that the total concentrations of trace metals in particulate matter were higher than in the UCC(Upper Crust Continental),with the exception of lead.The highest fluxes of lead,mercury,iron and arsenic associated with sedimented particles were observed during flood periods in the estuary of the Comoé,Bia and Tanoérivers.Cadmium fluxes associated with sedimentation particles were highest in the rainy season in the Bia and Comoéestuaries and in the flood season in the Tanoéestuary.Pearson’s correlation analysis and the enrichment factor showed that the trace metals were derived from anthropogenic activities such as mining and farming.In addition,contamination indices showed that sediment particles in the estuaries of the three rivers were severely contaminated with mercury.However,the results of potential human health risks associated with trace metals show that there is no probability of exposure of the community to harmful and carcinogenic effects through ingestion and dermal absorption of sediment particles.It is essential to integrate the information from this study into policy-and decision-making processes for better management of transboundary river water resources in coastal countries,particularly the Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975015,61575022,and 61421001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.L191004).
文摘A method of measuring the vortex beam topological charge(TC)is proposed based on a device that can directly extract the plane wave form from the vortex beam in which the different propagation angles of the plane waves are uniquely related to the different TCs.Then the TC can be obtained by simply comparing the energy values perceived by two fixed sensors in the detection location with the help of twin omnidirectional energy absorbers(OEAs).Because the settled detection relies only on the simple quantitative value at two fixed positions,neither pattern recognition nor field analysis procedure is applied,thus allowing faster measurement.Some features of the methodology are investigated,and the numerical simulations verify the feasibility and robustness of the system.
文摘Fourteen samples of settled dust from two factories processing rice and wheat straw near Shanghai.China, were examined by dilution plating for total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, and fungi.They were also examined for atlatoxin endotoxin, and potential to stimulate production of human interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and to consume complement.The concentrations of total microorganisms were consistently greater than 10~7 CFU/g and ranged from 10~7 to 10~9 CFU/g.In general, the level of microbial contamination was greater in the hay dust samples than in the rice dust samples, with bacteria being the most numerous microorganisms observed followed by molds, thermophilic actinomycetes, and yeasts.The predominant fungi were species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium.Trichosporon, and Cryplococcus.No significant levels of aflatoxin were observed and the isolates of A.flavus examined lack significant aflatoxigenic potential.The levels of microorganisms in these samples, the types of organisms found, and the inflammatory mediators such as endotoxin suggest that workers exposed to these dusts may be at risk for respiratory illness. 1990 Academic Press.Inc.
文摘Asthma and allergies are considered by many physicians as being triggered by different substances in the air that people breathe. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Acute effects, however, may also include non-respiratory signs and symptoms, which may depend upon toxicological characteristics of the substances and host-related factors. The studying of indoor air quality can provide a method for appropriate remedial action. Research suggests that SHD （Settled House Dust） may be a significant source for indoor exposure to different substances. This research study consisted of sampling dust from homes in different area codes. The dust samples were collected from August 2006 thru March 2007 and analyzed using GC/MS （Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry）. The purpose of this research study will display how sampling household dust is a powerful tool for identifying chemicals that contribute to poor indoor air quality.
文摘China,the big factory offering various commodities to companies and individuals all over the world,is attracting more and more merchants purchasing goods in various ways,through agents,on site,via modern communication,etc.One essential concern of these merchants is the quality of these commodities.How can the commodity quality be ensured?If there are
文摘In spring this year,the writershad an interview at JiangsuSuntory Ltd,a Sino-Japanesejoint venture modern foodstuffenterprise founded 11 yearsago with a joint investment ofUS＄25 million,producingmainly Prince Brand beer andmalt as well as other serialproducts.
文摘Indoor settled harmattan dusts at seven sampling stations from the University of Agriculture Makurdi were collected between November, 2014 to March, 2015 (five months) using the wipe sampling methodology. Gravimetric measurement of the dust samples from all the sample locations revealed that dust loading within the institution during the period of assessment ranges from 4.475 - 6.533 g/m2. Masses of indoor settled dust were expectedly higher along high traffic, untarred roads and construction sites as well as in older buildings than others during the period of this study. AAS analysis of the dust samples shows that heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) throughout the sampling stations during the period of investigation range from 0.2372 - 0.7152 for Cu, 293.6 - 884.9 for Fe, 4.265 - 68.55 for Mn and 4.239 - 42.53 for Zn. The concentrations of all the metals investigated were found to be lower when compared with related values in literature and were within acceptable limits during the period of this study. Pearson correlation matrix also shows positive correlation between the possible metal pairs at 95% level of confidence, indicating a similar source which may be from anthropogenic activities within and outside the area.
文摘In the article,the patients who still had some symptoms after the pacemakershad been settled were reviewed.There were nine cases in which serious clinicalsymptoms existed.The main symptoms were thoracodepression,palpitation,dizzinessand pant,twitch and syncope occurred for serious patients.Six cases were found totake their sources at heart by measuring blood pressure,monitoring and recordingelectrocardiogram,detecting irritability and the threshold limit value of pacemaking,thoracic X-ray checking and Holter etc.In one case after a VVI pacemaker had
文摘The second round of the annual master's program examinations are underway through May at Chinese universities nationwide.Families are optimistic that their graduate school hopefuls will be wenle(meaning"secured")after the examinations.
文摘In early February,the Gaizhou Municipal Government of Liaoning Province and Bosai Group held a signing ceremony for joint construction of a 2.5-million-ton alumina project.It’s learnt that in order to make full use of its overseas rich bauxite resources and theadvantageous port logistics in Bayuquan,Yingkou,and to strengthen and develop
文摘On March,Guigang City signed a formal investment agreement with Guangxi Pinglv Group Co.,Ltd.('Pinglv')in Pingguo,known as a County of Aluminum in China.Pinglv’s Chairman Xie Zhiqiang,and Head of Qintang District,Guigang City Zhang Jinglian signed the agreement on behalf of the two sides.
文摘Recently,Hailiang Group’s Southwest copper production base was formally settled in the Jiangjin Luohuang Industrial Park.It’s reported that the project has attracted a total investment of RMB3 billion,covering an area of 230 mu with an annual capacity of 90,000-ton copper pipes and60,000-ton copper busbars for air conditioning and refrigeration purposes(3 planned copper pipe production lines for refrigeration purposes,each
文摘According to the local government depart-ments of Shenzhen on April 15th,a new en-ergy chemical project-carboxylic synthesis and selective oxidation DS-3# project-hasbeen settled in Shenzhen of Guangdongprovince.The project uses renewable carbohydratessuch as sugarcane,rice straw and stalk as rawmaterials to produce fuel oil additives con-
文摘USA JM Investment Foundation Corp.decides to set up an"American HealthyIndustries Park"within CangzhouCoastal-port Chemical Industry Zone,Hebei province,northern China.Bothparties have already negotiated on is-sues concerned.Form of
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62476082)。
文摘This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of FxTS is independent of the initial values and parameters of the CNs,a modified fixed-time(FxT)stability theorem is proposed,where the ST is determined by an arbitrary positive number given in advance.Then,continuous controller and discontinuous controller are designed to realize the modified FxTS target of CNs.In addition,based on the designed controllers,CNs can achieve synchronization at any given time,or even earlier.And control strategies effectively solve the problem of ST related to the parameters of CNs.Finally,an appropriate simulation example is conducted to examine the effectiveness of the designed control strategies.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFC 3202700)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX 24_0904)。
文摘Inexpensive flocculant-modified iron tailings sand(ITS)were converted into effective flocculation materials for cyanobacteria blooms.After composite modification with polyaluminum chloride(PAC)and polyacrylamide(PAM),the surface charge of ITS was altered from negative to positive,and surface adhesion was increased by~1.5 times.PAC/PAM-modified ITS(PP-ITS)had strong flocculating effects on cyanobacteria,facilitating their removal.When the dosage of PP-ITS was 150 mg/L and the ratio of flocculant to ITS was 1:20,the elimination rate of cyanobacteria was as high as 90%.The flocs formed were better than those with chitosan-modified clays(CS-CA)and PAC-modified ITS(PAC-ITS)in terms of settling velocity,size,and recovery ability.The positively charged groups in the flocculant,such as-NH_(2) and Al^(3+),are attracted to negatively charged ions on the surface of ITS,altering the surface charge.Additionally,hydrogen bonds could form between amide side groups,and surface adhesion was improved through molecular association.Coupled with the strong bridging and sweeping effects of the flocculant,the flocs generated by PP-ITS formed rapidly and were large and resilient.The use of PP-ITS could effectively treat cyanobacteria blooms as well as solve the problem of ore tailings disposal.These results are of practical importance for engineering strategies to control cyanobacteria blooms,though there are still some issues that need to be addressed,such as how cyanobacteria flocs are collected and utilized after settling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274035)。
文摘Particle settling in narrow rough fractures is a common but poorly understood phenomenon during hydraulic fracturing.This study first constructs a large slot with two rough surfaces to simulate rock fractures and employs the particle image velocimetry to measure particle settling.Results show that particle settling in the rough slot is more complex than in the smooth slot.Rough pathways significantly change particle settling characteristics.The rough-walled slot alters the classic settling process by creating preferential pathways,localized trapping,and vortex-driven redistribution.Particles settle along preferential pathways,increasing settling velocity.The wall retardation effect becomes more prominent for large particles,reducing the settling velocity.Particle settling induces vortices throughout the rough surface,affecting particle behavior.Higher particle volume fractions increase settling nonuniformity,leading to unstable fluid flow within fractures,characterized by high vorticity and upward flow.The frequent interplay between particles and particle-walls,and fluid resistance complicates particle trajectories and settling behavior.Fluid viscosity significantly changes settling patterns and promotes particle clusters,forming chain-like and curtain-like clusters in rough fractures.An innovative model is proposed to predict settling velocity in rough fractures.
文摘Pollution of transboundary rivers can result from anthropogenic activities in their watersheds.In this study,sediment traps were deployed to determine the fluxes,concentrations,and health risks associated with arsenic,cadmium,mercury,lead,and iron in the estuaries of three transboundary rivers(Comoé,Bia,and Tanoé)in West Africa.Thus,the analysis of metal-associated sedimentation particle samples collected in rainy,flood,and dry seasons was required.Sediment traps were used to calculate the metal fluxes associated with sedimentation particles towards the Atlantic Ocean.Finally,the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of ingestion and dermal contact associated with sedimentation particles were assessed.The results showed that the total concentrations of trace metals in particulate matter were higher than in the UCC(Upper Crust Continental),with the exception of lead.The highest fluxes of lead,mercury,iron and arsenic associated with sedimented particles were observed during flood periods in the estuary of the Comoé,Bia and Tanoérivers.Cadmium fluxes associated with sedimentation particles were highest in the rainy season in the Bia and Comoéestuaries and in the flood season in the Tanoéestuary.Pearson’s correlation analysis and the enrichment factor showed that the trace metals were derived from anthropogenic activities such as mining and farming.In addition,contamination indices showed that sediment particles in the estuaries of the three rivers were severely contaminated with mercury.However,the results of potential human health risks associated with trace metals show that there is no probability of exposure of the community to harmful and carcinogenic effects through ingestion and dermal absorption of sediment particles.It is essential to integrate the information from this study into policy-and decision-making processes for better management of transboundary river water resources in coastal countries,particularly the Côte d’Ivoire.
