Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge w...Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge worldwide[1].According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME)and the World Health Organization(WHO),the gap in access to healthcare services between high-and low-income countries contributes to delayed detection,increased incidence of advanced-stage disease,and,consequently,higher mortality rates(up to 50%higher compared to high-income countries)[1,2].This translates into inequalities in access to screening and early diagnosis methods,which exacerbate the burden of this disease in low-resource settings where infrastructure,funding,and access to trained professionals are limited[3].展开更多
The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Ma...The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.展开更多
The Edikan Mine,which consists of Fobinso and Esuajah gold deposits,lies within the Asankrangwa Gold Belt of the Birimian Supergroup in the Kumasi Basin.The metasedimentary rocks in the Basins and the faulted metavolc...The Edikan Mine,which consists of Fobinso and Esuajah gold deposits,lies within the Asankrangwa Gold Belt of the Birimian Supergroup in the Kumasi Basin.The metasedimentary rocks in the Basins and the faulted metavolcanic rocks in the Belts that make up the Birimian Supergroup were intruded by granitoids during the Eburnean Orogeny.This research aims to classify granitoids in the Edikan Mine and ascertain the petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the wider Kumasi Basin,Ghana,to understand the implications for geodynamic settings.A multi-methods approach involving field studies,petrographic studies,and whole-rock geochemical analysis was used to achieve the goal of the study.Petrographic studies revealed a relatively high abundance of plagioclase and a low percentage of K-feldspars(anorthoclase and orthoclase)in the Fobinso samples,suggesting that the samples are granodioritic in nature,while the Esuajah samples showed relatively low plagioclase abundance and a high percentage in K-feldspars,indicating that they are granitic.The granitoids from the study areas are co-magmatic.The granitoids in Esuajah and Fobinso are generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements than high field strength elements,middle rare earth elements,and heavy rare earth elements,indicating mixing with crustal sources during the evolution of the granitoids.The granitoids were tectonically formed in a syn-collisional+VAG setting,which implies that they were formed in the subduction zone setting.Fobinso granodiorites showed S-type signatures with evidence of extensive crustal contamination,while the Esuajah granites showed I-type signatures with little or no crustal contamination and are peraluminous.Gold mineralization in the study area is structurally and lithologically controlled with shear zones,faulting,and veining as the principal structures controlling the mineralization.The late-stage vein,V3,in the Edikan Mine is characterized by a low vein angle and is mineralized.展开更多
Vertical position changes of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) stations have been used to study regional terrestrial water storage(TWS) changes. However, the feasibility is still unclear in many ar...Vertical position changes of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) stations have been used to study regional terrestrial water storage(TWS) changes. However, the feasibility is still unclear in many areas due to diverse local effects. This study aims to evaluate the capability of GNSS vertical displacements in monitoring hydrological variations in four climate settings over Chinese mainland. The spatial and temporal variations of hydrological load-induced(HYDL) vertical displacements at 208 GNSS sites during 2011-2020 were analyzed by comparing with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)/GRACE Follow-On(GFO) and Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS) derived TWS changes. The results indicate that GNSS vertical positions show different capabilities in capturing seasonal and non-seasonal hydrological dynamics in different climate regions. Among the four climatic settings, the subtropical monsoon climate(SMC) region, with the largest deformation fluctuation(the regional mean root mean square(RMS) is 7.97 mm), has the highest regional mean HYDL-GRACE and HYDL-GLDAS anti-correlation coefficients(CCs) of-0.47 and-0.45 at the seasonal scale, respectively. For the individual GNSS site, the number of the sites with CC <-0.40 between HYDL and GRACE/GLDASderived TWS changes accounts for 55.1% and 55.1%(SMC), 13.0% and 7.4%(temperate monsoon climate, TMC), 6.7% and 13.3%(temperate continental climate, TCC), 32.3% and 38.7%(plateau climate,PC), respectively. For the non-seasonal term, although the proportion with CC <-0.40 in each climate type decreases mainly due to the influence of local geodynamic and human activities, especially in the SMC and PC regions, GNSS site vertical deformations still show good capability in monitoring hydrological extremes. The results provide valuable information for better application of GNSS to hydrology.展开更多
Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management tr...Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.展开更多
China is the third largest country in the world, with a land area of about 9.6 million km2. It is endowed with abundant mineral resources, and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca. 8000 years ago. Howeve...China is the third largest country in the world, with a land area of about 9.6 million km2. It is endowed with abundant mineral resources, and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca. 8000 years ago. However, due to language barrier, little has been known about the geology and tectonics to the outside world until 1980s. In the last three decades, a great deal of knowledge has been gained, enhanced by a vigorous cooperation between Chinese and Western geologists. Research papers about geological, geochemical, and geochronological features of mineral deposits of China are widely published and cited in international journals. A comprehen- sive and comprehensible English literature that summarises the features of mineral deposits in China, however, is still lacking.展开更多
Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for p...Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for preventing substance use problems.Various entities,such as families,schools,and communities,have implemented a variety of interventions to alleviate adolescent substance use problems,and schools play a unique role.To explore the types,characteristics,and effectiveness of substance use interventions in educational settings for adolescents,we conducted a scoping review and identified 32 studies after screening.We divided the 32 studies according to intervention type,including curriculum interventions focusing on cognitive-behavioral skill enhancement,exercise interventions,peer interventions and family-school cooperation,and electronic interventions.Except for the mixed results on electronic interventions,the results showed that the other interventions were beneficial to different extents in alleviating adolescent substance use problems.In addition,we analyzed and summarized the advantages and challenges of intervening in adolescent substance use in educational settings.Schools can use equipment and human resources to provide adolescents with various types of intervention measures,but they also face challenges such as stigmatization,ineffective coordination among multiple resources,and poor implementation effects.In the future,school-based intervention measures can fully utilize big data and artificial intelligence technology and collaborate with families and communities to intervene appropriately while paying attention to the comorbidity risks of substance use disorders and psychological health issues.展开更多
Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution development of Tethys Ocean,its collision and closing,revealed at the Eurasian active margin in pre-and post-collision stages during convergence of Afro-Arabian and Eurasian continents...Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution development of Tethys Ocean,its collision and closing,revealed at the Eurasian active margin in pre-and post-collision stages during convergence of Afro-Arabian and Eurasian continents.Subduction of oceanic slab under continental margin revealed in steady state subduction and steepening of subducting slab provoked the incursion of mantle diapir.The steady state subduction is related with island arc setting whereas steepening provoked incursion of mantle diaper interarc-backarc and minor ocean settings.They are controlled by geological indicators—volcagenic,petrochemical,geochemical,tectonic and metallogenic.Each of them is determined by scale of mantle-crustal influence,controlled by intensity and level of mantle diapir incursion in the crust rising from interarc-backarc to minor oceanic setting.The island arc setting is characterized by blocking,which as others by extension of rifting(interarc-backarc)caused spreading out from zone of volcanic activity and mineralization sialic crusts,whereas minor ocean setting caused by spreading out from zone of volcanic activity and mineralization sialic and basaltic crusts.So mantle crustal influence rising from island arc to minor ocean settings controlled type of volcanism and mineralization in pre-collision development.At the closing of ocean occurred the precollision setting which is transferred in post-collision revealed in orogenesis.It is divided in two stages.The first initial stage occurred in penetration hot fluids from the mantle in sialic crust smelted from in granitoid melt and leached the gold and trace melts Sb,W,Mg and Hg from sialic crust.The latter are geochemical indicators of post-collision setting.The second final stage revealed in shoshonite-basalt volcanism activity occurred with penetrated mantle material into deep volcanic chambers and characterized with increasing of mantle influence than initial stage of post-collision activity.展开更多
A global disparity exists between the burden of mental ill-health and the resources available to address this issue.Common mental disorders,such as mild-to-moderate depression,anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stre...A global disparity exists between the burden of mental ill-health and the resources available to address this issue.Common mental disorders,such as mild-to-moderate depression,anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder,are associated with a significant decline in health and functioning and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease.In view of a shortage of mental health professionals in most low-and middle-income countries,task sharing(task shifting)can make an important contribution to improving access to mental health services.Task sharing involves non-specialists in the delivery of health care.The use of lay health workers is premised on the assumption that the shorter training required for non professionals will allow an increase in the provision of required care without the need for an increase in resources and will strengthen and scale-up sustainable health systems.The need for low-tech support in the management of conunon mental disorders is widespread,and the core resource is humans trained to identify and treat those requiring mental health care.There is a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of task sharing in psychotherapy,and talk therapies,e.g.cognitive behavioral therapy,can easily be delegated to non-specialists,including non-specialist health workers,peer helpers and lay people.A(cost-)effective model of mental health care in low-resource settings as well as in high-income countries may include the medical school-based training of some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the treatment of referred patients with serious mental illness.These professional mental health specialists would also be trainers and supervisors of non-specialist health workers who would identify common mental health disorders and provide psychotherapy to people with these conditions in a community-based setting.Community-based generalism including task sharing rather than centralized specialism may be capable of preventing and treating many common mental disorders with minor financial expenditure.展开更多
This paper discusses the construction of multidimensional language settings for EFL students.Various settings can beconstructed to provide students enough linguistic input to ensure that they learn English better.
Objective: The challenge of employing evidence-based practice (EBP) is multifarious and varied. Nursing interventions supported by research evidence have been exposed to progress positive patient outcomes, while its i...Objective: The challenge of employing evidence-based practice (EBP) is multifarious and varied. Nursing interventions supported by research evidence have been exposed to progress positive patient outcomes, while its implementation is faced with various obstacles. This study aimed to identify obstacles in employing EBP by nurses in their clinical settings. Methods: This descriptive design study was conducted at Benha University Hospital with a convenient sample of 154 nurses. Two tools were utilized: (Ⅰ) sociodemographic data sheet, which included sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, and (Ⅱ) interview scale, which contained two parts: (1) obstacles scale, which contained obstacles that impede nurses from the utilization of EBP, and (2) questions to rank the three greatest obstacles in employing EBP by nurses. Results: The greatest EBP obstacle ranked by nurses was the organizational limitations (90.9%), followed by research quality (86.9%) and research accessibility (51.0%), while individual characteristics (35.9%) were ranked as the least obstacle. There was a significant statistical correlation between organizational limitations, research quality as well accessibility-related obstacles and nurses' age, level of education, as well their years of work experience (P<0.05). Conclusions: Findings of this study showed series of obstacles in employing EBP by nurses in their clinical settings, stressing the call for expansion of nurses' capabilities related to EBP utilization in patients' care.展开更多
Background:Left-behind children are more inclined to generate psychological problems relative to non-leftbehind children,thus how to rehabilitate their health psychology and promote the psychological health developmen...Background:Left-behind children are more inclined to generate psychological problems relative to non-leftbehind children,thus how to rehabilitate their health psychology and promote the psychological health development of this special disadvantaged group in healthcare settings should be paid more attention to.Objective:This paper attempts to present a social intervention approach and explore its impact on the rehabilitation of rural leftbehind children’s psychological problems in healthcare settings.Methods:This study firstly designed a social intervention program based on the health psychology theory and the generation causes of left-behind children’s psychological problems,and then three groups were applied to test the effectiveness of the program with comparison analysis.Results:Compared with the control left-behind children(group 2),the left-behind children in the experimental group 1 had positive changes in learning anxiety,physical symptoms,anxiety about people,loneliness tendency,self-blame tendency,allergy tendency,terror tendency and impulse tendency.And their mental health can be rehabilitated to the level of non-left-behind children in group 3.Conclusion:This study revealed positive effects of specially designed social intervention program on the rehabilitation of left-behind children’s psychological problems in healthcare settings.The results have both theoretical and practical implications.展开更多
The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dyke...The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)展开更多
Traffic-actuated signal employs relatively complex control logic to regulate traffic flow. Introduction of control variables into the traffic-actuated system contributes to system operational flexibility and complexit...Traffic-actuated signal employs relatively complex control logic to regulate traffic flow. Introduction of control variables into the traffic-actuated system contributes to system operational flexibility and complexity, and also complicates the system with uncertainties. The paper proposes two tentative methods to optimize the actuated signal parameters： basic requirements of controller parameters and analytical model, and macroscopic computer simulation. It is concluded that when the actuated signal operates within the volume/capacity range of 0.4 to 0.6, it will create the most significant benefits; the research suggests that minimum green time in the main street shall be set long enough to meet the required demand, preferably at the 60% of the main street capacity. In order to ensure less control delay in a semi-actuated intersection, relatively small values of vehicle extension （e.g., 2.5 s） and maximum green time are recommended to be assigned to the less important street.展开更多
To verify the effectiveness and correctness of the protection settings in ring structure Shipboard Power System (SPS), a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform at China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC) ...To verify the effectiveness and correctness of the protection settings in ring structure Shipboard Power System (SPS), a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform at China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC) has been built, which aims to give double verification effect of design scheme and physical device. The platform consists of eMEGAsim digital simulator, signal power amplifiers and digital-analog interface equipments. With this platform, the multiple protection device of ring structure grid can be accessed to form a close-loop test system. Since eMEGAsim model-simulated faults and actual protection device actions are on real time, the tripping settings of each device as well as their coordinate performance between multiple devices can be verified in this close-loop test.展开更多
This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated ...This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated on the reach of zone-1 relays. The approach checks the relay operation for the maximum as well as the minimum generation outputs of the power system. The proposed technique can be used for different reach setting for zone-1. Results show that it is possible to increase the coverage provided by zone-2 distance relays without causing coordination problems with the primary relays that protect the lines emanating from the remote bus. The proposed method is modified for use in an adaptive protection system. It is shown that further improvements can be achieved when settings are calculated using the proposed method and the prevailing system conditions. The proposed method and its adaptive version were applied to a part of the Power system. The simulation of the system is done by using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The simulated results are observed and compared with the conventional and proposed technique.展开更多
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel an...The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.展开更多
Introduction: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the high-burden TB countries in the world. The most affected provinces were North and South Kivu where displacements of the population favor transmission ...Introduction: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the high-burden TB countries in the world. The most affected provinces were North and South Kivu where displacements of the population favor transmission of infections. Delays in diagnosis are often causes for excessive mortality among TB patients. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to test an intervention designed to increase detection of TB cases in internally displaced persons and their host communities in South Kivu province. Methods: The project used a quasi-experimental method, with prospective data collection every six months. Two peri-urban districts were selected and designated as intervention and control districts respectively. Twenty peer educators were selected among prospective TB suspects who sought care in health facilities. The peer educators were trained and encouraged to actively influence, identify and refer potential TB suspects to health centers. The data on new TB suspects seen and cases diagnosed in both districts were collected and compared over two and a half years period. Results: This pilot study has demonstrated that the intervention has had some positive effects on both the number of persons suspected with TB who were diagnosed using either microscopy or clinical assessment. Even in terms of case detection, the study demonstrated that the number of cases detected in the intervention district was at least twice the number of cases detected in the control district. Conclusion: Nonprofessional educators can influence TB case detection even in unstable settings, but their effectiveness is dependent on the security situation. National TB control programs need to adapt community mobilization strategies to local developments even in unsafe settings.展开更多
The global burden of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections and coinfection represents a major public health concern,particularly in resource-limited settings.Elimination of HCV by 2030 has become ...The global burden of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections and coinfection represents a major public health concern,particularly in resource-limited settings.Elimination of HCV by 2030 has become foreseeable,with effective direct-acting antiviral oral therapies and the availability of affordable generics in low-and-middle-income countries(LMICs).However,access to oral nucleos(t)ide therapy for HBV remains critical and is limited outside the existing global HIV program platforms despite affordable prices.Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV through scaling up of birth dose implementation in LMICs is essential to achieve the 2030 elimination goal.Most individuals living with HBV and/or HCV in resource-limited settings are unaware of their infection,and with improved access to medications,the most significant barrier remains access to affordable diagnostics and preventive strategies.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic interrupted hepatitis elimination programs,albeit offered opportunities for improved diagnostic capacities and raised political awareness of the critical need for strengthening health care services and universal health coverage.This review underpins the HBV and HCV management challenges in resource-limited settings,highlighting the current status and suggested future elimination strategies in some of these countries.Global efforts should continue to improve awareness and political commitment.Financial resources should be secured to access and implement comprehensive strategies for diagnosis and linkage to care in resource-constrained settings to fulfill the 2030 elimination goal.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand patient-perceived empathy from nurse among different units of Taiwan acute care settings. Design: A crosssectional study was used with a questionnaire survey in acute c...Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand patient-perceived empathy from nurse among different units of Taiwan acute care settings. Design: A crosssectional study was used with a questionnaire survey in acute care units and intensive care units of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Participants were selected by convenient sampling. A total of 548 patients at 14 acute care units and 4 intensive care units in a large Medical Center participated in this questionnaire survey. Methods: Scale of patient-perceived empathy from nurse including 15 item Likert scale was used in this study. The statistical software SPSS 15.0 for Windows was applied and Cronbach’s α, factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation, t-test and one way ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data. Findings: Patients who were first-time hospitalization had higher scores of patient-perceived empathy from nurse than patients who have had hospitalizing experiences. The patient in surgical unit had the highest score of patient-perceived empathy from nurse. The empathy scale score of patient without ICU experience was significantly higher than patient with ICU experience. Also, patients without depressive history had higher score than patients with depression history. Conclusion: Patients with multiple admissions of hospitalization, ICU experience, and depressive history had lower score than other patients. It is suggested that the perception of patients with complicated disease or condition might be different. Thus, an in-depth caring knowledge of both emotions and disease was needed to support patients’ perception of empathy. Clinical Relevance: The care of complicated patients especially with ICU experience needs strong knowledge based both on emotion and disease.展开更多
文摘Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge worldwide[1].According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME)and the World Health Organization(WHO),the gap in access to healthcare services between high-and low-income countries contributes to delayed detection,increased incidence of advanced-stage disease,and,consequently,higher mortality rates(up to 50%higher compared to high-income countries)[1,2].This translates into inequalities in access to screening and early diagnosis methods,which exacerbate the burden of this disease in low-resource settings where infrastructure,funding,and access to trained professionals are limited[3].
文摘The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.
文摘The Edikan Mine,which consists of Fobinso and Esuajah gold deposits,lies within the Asankrangwa Gold Belt of the Birimian Supergroup in the Kumasi Basin.The metasedimentary rocks in the Basins and the faulted metavolcanic rocks in the Belts that make up the Birimian Supergroup were intruded by granitoids during the Eburnean Orogeny.This research aims to classify granitoids in the Edikan Mine and ascertain the petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the wider Kumasi Basin,Ghana,to understand the implications for geodynamic settings.A multi-methods approach involving field studies,petrographic studies,and whole-rock geochemical analysis was used to achieve the goal of the study.Petrographic studies revealed a relatively high abundance of plagioclase and a low percentage of K-feldspars(anorthoclase and orthoclase)in the Fobinso samples,suggesting that the samples are granodioritic in nature,while the Esuajah samples showed relatively low plagioclase abundance and a high percentage in K-feldspars,indicating that they are granitic.The granitoids from the study areas are co-magmatic.The granitoids in Esuajah and Fobinso are generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements than high field strength elements,middle rare earth elements,and heavy rare earth elements,indicating mixing with crustal sources during the evolution of the granitoids.The granitoids were tectonically formed in a syn-collisional+VAG setting,which implies that they were formed in the subduction zone setting.Fobinso granodiorites showed S-type signatures with evidence of extensive crustal contamination,while the Esuajah granites showed I-type signatures with little or no crustal contamination and are peraluminous.Gold mineralization in the study area is structurally and lithologically controlled with shear zones,faulting,and veining as the principal structures controlling the mineralization.The late-stage vein,V3,in the Edikan Mine is characterized by a low vein angle and is mineralized.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42064002,42004013,42204006)the GuangxiNatural Science Foundation of China(2024GXNSFDA010041)+5 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010469)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics(Grant no.21-238-21-05)the Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(230100019,230100020)The GNSS observation data are provided by Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONC)The GRACE/GFO mascon gravimetry data products are provided by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of TechnologyThe GLDAS data products are provided by NASA Earthdata.
文摘Vertical position changes of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) stations have been used to study regional terrestrial water storage(TWS) changes. However, the feasibility is still unclear in many areas due to diverse local effects. This study aims to evaluate the capability of GNSS vertical displacements in monitoring hydrological variations in four climate settings over Chinese mainland. The spatial and temporal variations of hydrological load-induced(HYDL) vertical displacements at 208 GNSS sites during 2011-2020 were analyzed by comparing with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)/GRACE Follow-On(GFO) and Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS) derived TWS changes. The results indicate that GNSS vertical positions show different capabilities in capturing seasonal and non-seasonal hydrological dynamics in different climate regions. Among the four climatic settings, the subtropical monsoon climate(SMC) region, with the largest deformation fluctuation(the regional mean root mean square(RMS) is 7.97 mm), has the highest regional mean HYDL-GRACE and HYDL-GLDAS anti-correlation coefficients(CCs) of-0.47 and-0.45 at the seasonal scale, respectively. For the individual GNSS site, the number of the sites with CC <-0.40 between HYDL and GRACE/GLDASderived TWS changes accounts for 55.1% and 55.1%(SMC), 13.0% and 7.4%(temperate monsoon climate, TMC), 6.7% and 13.3%(temperate continental climate, TCC), 32.3% and 38.7%(plateau climate,PC), respectively. For the non-seasonal term, although the proportion with CC <-0.40 in each climate type decreases mainly due to the influence of local geodynamic and human activities, especially in the SMC and PC regions, GNSS site vertical deformations still show good capability in monitoring hydrological extremes. The results provide valuable information for better application of GNSS to hydrology.
文摘Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.
文摘China is the third largest country in the world, with a land area of about 9.6 million km2. It is endowed with abundant mineral resources, and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca. 8000 years ago. However, due to language barrier, little has been known about the geology and tectonics to the outside world until 1980s. In the last three decades, a great deal of knowledge has been gained, enhanced by a vigorous cooperation between Chinese and Western geologists. Research papers about geological, geochemical, and geochronological features of mineral deposits of China are widely published and cited in international journals. A comprehen- sive and comprehensible English literature that summarises the features of mineral deposits in China, however, is still lacking.
文摘Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for preventing substance use problems.Various entities,such as families,schools,and communities,have implemented a variety of interventions to alleviate adolescent substance use problems,and schools play a unique role.To explore the types,characteristics,and effectiveness of substance use interventions in educational settings for adolescents,we conducted a scoping review and identified 32 studies after screening.We divided the 32 studies according to intervention type,including curriculum interventions focusing on cognitive-behavioral skill enhancement,exercise interventions,peer interventions and family-school cooperation,and electronic interventions.Except for the mixed results on electronic interventions,the results showed that the other interventions were beneficial to different extents in alleviating adolescent substance use problems.In addition,we analyzed and summarized the advantages and challenges of intervening in adolescent substance use in educational settings.Schools can use equipment and human resources to provide adolescents with various types of intervention measures,but they also face challenges such as stigmatization,ineffective coordination among multiple resources,and poor implementation effects.In the future,school-based intervention measures can fully utilize big data and artificial intelligence technology and collaborate with families and communities to intervene appropriately while paying attention to the comorbidity risks of substance use disorders and psychological health issues.
文摘Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution development of Tethys Ocean,its collision and closing,revealed at the Eurasian active margin in pre-and post-collision stages during convergence of Afro-Arabian and Eurasian continents.Subduction of oceanic slab under continental margin revealed in steady state subduction and steepening of subducting slab provoked the incursion of mantle diapir.The steady state subduction is related with island arc setting whereas steepening provoked incursion of mantle diaper interarc-backarc and minor ocean settings.They are controlled by geological indicators—volcagenic,petrochemical,geochemical,tectonic and metallogenic.Each of them is determined by scale of mantle-crustal influence,controlled by intensity and level of mantle diapir incursion in the crust rising from interarc-backarc to minor oceanic setting.The island arc setting is characterized by blocking,which as others by extension of rifting(interarc-backarc)caused spreading out from zone of volcanic activity and mineralization sialic crusts,whereas minor ocean setting caused by spreading out from zone of volcanic activity and mineralization sialic and basaltic crusts.So mantle crustal influence rising from island arc to minor ocean settings controlled type of volcanism and mineralization in pre-collision development.At the closing of ocean occurred the precollision setting which is transferred in post-collision revealed in orogenesis.It is divided in two stages.The first initial stage occurred in penetration hot fluids from the mantle in sialic crust smelted from in granitoid melt and leached the gold and trace melts Sb,W,Mg and Hg from sialic crust.The latter are geochemical indicators of post-collision setting.The second final stage revealed in shoshonite-basalt volcanism activity occurred with penetrated mantle material into deep volcanic chambers and characterized with increasing of mantle influence than initial stage of post-collision activity.
文摘A global disparity exists between the burden of mental ill-health and the resources available to address this issue.Common mental disorders,such as mild-to-moderate depression,anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder,are associated with a significant decline in health and functioning and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease.In view of a shortage of mental health professionals in most low-and middle-income countries,task sharing(task shifting)can make an important contribution to improving access to mental health services.Task sharing involves non-specialists in the delivery of health care.The use of lay health workers is premised on the assumption that the shorter training required for non professionals will allow an increase in the provision of required care without the need for an increase in resources and will strengthen and scale-up sustainable health systems.The need for low-tech support in the management of conunon mental disorders is widespread,and the core resource is humans trained to identify and treat those requiring mental health care.There is a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of task sharing in psychotherapy,and talk therapies,e.g.cognitive behavioral therapy,can easily be delegated to non-specialists,including non-specialist health workers,peer helpers and lay people.A(cost-)effective model of mental health care in low-resource settings as well as in high-income countries may include the medical school-based training of some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the treatment of referred patients with serious mental illness.These professional mental health specialists would also be trainers and supervisors of non-specialist health workers who would identify common mental health disorders and provide psychotherapy to people with these conditions in a community-based setting.Community-based generalism including task sharing rather than centralized specialism may be capable of preventing and treating many common mental disorders with minor financial expenditure.
文摘This paper discusses the construction of multidimensional language settings for EFL students.Various settings can beconstructed to provide students enough linguistic input to ensure that they learn English better.
文摘Objective: The challenge of employing evidence-based practice (EBP) is multifarious and varied. Nursing interventions supported by research evidence have been exposed to progress positive patient outcomes, while its implementation is faced with various obstacles. This study aimed to identify obstacles in employing EBP by nurses in their clinical settings. Methods: This descriptive design study was conducted at Benha University Hospital with a convenient sample of 154 nurses. Two tools were utilized: (Ⅰ) sociodemographic data sheet, which included sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, and (Ⅱ) interview scale, which contained two parts: (1) obstacles scale, which contained obstacles that impede nurses from the utilization of EBP, and (2) questions to rank the three greatest obstacles in employing EBP by nurses. Results: The greatest EBP obstacle ranked by nurses was the organizational limitations (90.9%), followed by research quality (86.9%) and research accessibility (51.0%), while individual characteristics (35.9%) were ranked as the least obstacle. There was a significant statistical correlation between organizational limitations, research quality as well accessibility-related obstacles and nurses' age, level of education, as well their years of work experience (P<0.05). Conclusions: Findings of this study showed series of obstacles in employing EBP by nurses in their clinical settings, stressing the call for expansion of nurses' capabilities related to EBP utilization in patients' care.
基金supported by the Research Launch Project of Chengdu University:Exploring A Social Tourism Approach of China’s Rural Revitalization(Grant No.2281921039)the Key Projects of the National Social Science Fund in 2020:the Medium and Long-term Effect Assessment of China’s Poverty Combination Policy(Grant No.20AJY013).
文摘Background:Left-behind children are more inclined to generate psychological problems relative to non-leftbehind children,thus how to rehabilitate their health psychology and promote the psychological health development of this special disadvantaged group in healthcare settings should be paid more attention to.Objective:This paper attempts to present a social intervention approach and explore its impact on the rehabilitation of rural leftbehind children’s psychological problems in healthcare settings.Methods:This study firstly designed a social intervention program based on the health psychology theory and the generation causes of left-behind children’s psychological problems,and then three groups were applied to test the effectiveness of the program with comparison analysis.Results:Compared with the control left-behind children(group 2),the left-behind children in the experimental group 1 had positive changes in learning anxiety,physical symptoms,anxiety about people,loneliness tendency,self-blame tendency,allergy tendency,terror tendency and impulse tendency.And their mental health can be rehabilitated to the level of non-left-behind children in group 3.Conclusion:This study revealed positive effects of specially designed social intervention program on the rehabilitation of left-behind children’s psychological problems in healthcare settings.The results have both theoretical and practical implications.
文摘The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWJTU09CX042)National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC-50978222)
文摘Traffic-actuated signal employs relatively complex control logic to regulate traffic flow. Introduction of control variables into the traffic-actuated system contributes to system operational flexibility and complexity, and also complicates the system with uncertainties. The paper proposes two tentative methods to optimize the actuated signal parameters： basic requirements of controller parameters and analytical model, and macroscopic computer simulation. It is concluded that when the actuated signal operates within the volume/capacity range of 0.4 to 0.6, it will create the most significant benefits; the research suggests that minimum green time in the main street shall be set long enough to meet the required demand, preferably at the 60% of the main street capacity. In order to ensure less control delay in a semi-actuated intersection, relatively small values of vehicle extension （e.g., 2.5 s） and maximum green time are recommended to be assigned to the less important street.
文摘To verify the effectiveness and correctness of the protection settings in ring structure Shipboard Power System (SPS), a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform at China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC) has been built, which aims to give double verification effect of design scheme and physical device. The platform consists of eMEGAsim digital simulator, signal power amplifiers and digital-analog interface equipments. With this platform, the multiple protection device of ring structure grid can be accessed to form a close-loop test system. Since eMEGAsim model-simulated faults and actual protection device actions are on real time, the tripping settings of each device as well as their coordinate performance between multiple devices can be verified in this close-loop test.
文摘This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated on the reach of zone-1 relays. The approach checks the relay operation for the maximum as well as the minimum generation outputs of the power system. The proposed technique can be used for different reach setting for zone-1. Results show that it is possible to increase the coverage provided by zone-2 distance relays without causing coordination problems with the primary relays that protect the lines emanating from the remote bus. The proposed method is modified for use in an adaptive protection system. It is shown that further improvements can be achieved when settings are calculated using the proposed method and the prevailing system conditions. The proposed method and its adaptive version were applied to a part of the Power system. The simulation of the system is done by using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The simulated results are observed and compared with the conventional and proposed technique.
文摘The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.
文摘Introduction: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the high-burden TB countries in the world. The most affected provinces were North and South Kivu where displacements of the population favor transmission of infections. Delays in diagnosis are often causes for excessive mortality among TB patients. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to test an intervention designed to increase detection of TB cases in internally displaced persons and their host communities in South Kivu province. Methods: The project used a quasi-experimental method, with prospective data collection every six months. Two peri-urban districts were selected and designated as intervention and control districts respectively. Twenty peer educators were selected among prospective TB suspects who sought care in health facilities. The peer educators were trained and encouraged to actively influence, identify and refer potential TB suspects to health centers. The data on new TB suspects seen and cases diagnosed in both districts were collected and compared over two and a half years period. Results: This pilot study has demonstrated that the intervention has had some positive effects on both the number of persons suspected with TB who were diagnosed using either microscopy or clinical assessment. Even in terms of case detection, the study demonstrated that the number of cases detected in the intervention district was at least twice the number of cases detected in the control district. Conclusion: Nonprofessional educators can influence TB case detection even in unstable settings, but their effectiveness is dependent on the security situation. National TB control programs need to adapt community mobilization strategies to local developments even in unsafe settings.
文摘The global burden of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections and coinfection represents a major public health concern,particularly in resource-limited settings.Elimination of HCV by 2030 has become foreseeable,with effective direct-acting antiviral oral therapies and the availability of affordable generics in low-and-middle-income countries(LMICs).However,access to oral nucleos(t)ide therapy for HBV remains critical and is limited outside the existing global HIV program platforms despite affordable prices.Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV through scaling up of birth dose implementation in LMICs is essential to achieve the 2030 elimination goal.Most individuals living with HBV and/or HCV in resource-limited settings are unaware of their infection,and with improved access to medications,the most significant barrier remains access to affordable diagnostics and preventive strategies.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic interrupted hepatitis elimination programs,albeit offered opportunities for improved diagnostic capacities and raised political awareness of the critical need for strengthening health care services and universal health coverage.This review underpins the HBV and HCV management challenges in resource-limited settings,highlighting the current status and suggested future elimination strategies in some of these countries.Global efforts should continue to improve awareness and political commitment.Financial resources should be secured to access and implement comprehensive strategies for diagnosis and linkage to care in resource-constrained settings to fulfill the 2030 elimination goal.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand patient-perceived empathy from nurse among different units of Taiwan acute care settings. Design: A crosssectional study was used with a questionnaire survey in acute care units and intensive care units of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Participants were selected by convenient sampling. A total of 548 patients at 14 acute care units and 4 intensive care units in a large Medical Center participated in this questionnaire survey. Methods: Scale of patient-perceived empathy from nurse including 15 item Likert scale was used in this study. The statistical software SPSS 15.0 for Windows was applied and Cronbach’s α, factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation, t-test and one way ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data. Findings: Patients who were first-time hospitalization had higher scores of patient-perceived empathy from nurse than patients who have had hospitalizing experiences. The patient in surgical unit had the highest score of patient-perceived empathy from nurse. The empathy scale score of patient without ICU experience was significantly higher than patient with ICU experience. Also, patients without depressive history had higher score than patients with depression history. Conclusion: Patients with multiple admissions of hospitalization, ICU experience, and depressive history had lower score than other patients. It is suggested that the perception of patients with complicated disease or condition might be different. Thus, an in-depth caring knowledge of both emotions and disease was needed to support patients’ perception of empathy. Clinical Relevance: The care of complicated patients especially with ICU experience needs strong knowledge based both on emotion and disease.
