BACKGROUND Globally,it’s estimated that at least 1 billion people have a near and/or distance vision impairment that could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed.The burden of unaddressed vision impairment and...BACKGROUND Globally,it’s estimated that at least 1 billion people have a near and/or distance vision impairment that could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed.The burden of unaddressed vision impairment and blindness is estimated to be four times higher in low and intermediate-resource settings than in high-income settings.[1]展开更多
Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure globally,primarily for symptomatic cholelithiasis or related gallbladder conditions.Advances in surgical techniques,such as laparoscopic and robotic approache...Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure globally,primarily for symptomatic cholelithiasis or related gallbladder conditions.Advances in surgical techniques,such as laparoscopic and robotic approaches,have enhanced patient results and reduced hospital stays.However,postoperative care is crucial for optimizing recovery,preventing complications,and enhancing quality of life.Nurses have a critical role in achieving these objectives,starting from immediate postoperative evaluation through long-term monitoring.This review outlines essential nursing considerations and evidence-based practices for postoperative care following cholecystectomy.Key areas encompass pain control,respiratory assistance,early mobilization,wound and drain management,nutritional advice,psychosocial aid,and discharge preparation.By integrating current research and clinical guidelines,this review aims to serve as an authoritative resource to assist nurses in improving postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction.展开更多
In this paper,the sentiment classification method of multimodal adversarial autoencoder is studied.This paper includes the introduction of the multimodal adversarial autoencoder emotion classification method and the e...In this paper,the sentiment classification method of multimodal adversarial autoencoder is studied.This paper includes the introduction of the multimodal adversarial autoencoder emotion classification method and the experiment of the emotion classification method based on the encoder.The experimental analysis shows that the encoder has higher precision than other encoders in emotion classification.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for the emotion classification under the current intelligent algorithm mode.展开更多
The study reconstructs the Upper Devonian Domanik sedimentation conditions using geochemical studies.Domanik sediments,the subject of study,are being developed in Russia's Volga-Ural petroleum province.Core sample...The study reconstructs the Upper Devonian Domanik sedimentation conditions using geochemical studies.Domanik sediments,the subject of study,are being developed in Russia's Volga-Ural petroleum province.Core samples have been collected from the South Tatar arch and the Birskaya saddle,totaling four wells.Macroscopic description,optical microscopic petrographic examination,X-ray analysis,X-ray fluorescence analysis,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),simultaneous thermal analyses,scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),Rock-Eval pyrolytic studies,and correlation analysis were among the methods used in the study.Carbonate rocks,carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched with organic matter,and carbonate breccias are the main identified lithotypes.The predominant rock-forming mineral in carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched with organic matter is quartz(chalcedony)of authigenic genesis.The lack of co rrelation between organic matter concentration and quartz,as well as the results of simultaneous thermal studies and SEM,suggest that quartz is present in both biogenic and chemogenic forms.The proxies Cd/Mo and Co x Mn were used for proving variable hydrodynamic conditions in the Domanik sediments sea:sediments were deposited under both stationary and seasonal upwelling conditions.The major bioproductivity of the Domanik sea was also influenced by hydrothermal activity.The proxy(Fe+Mn)/Ti data and the results of the rock genesis evaluation using the Zn-Ni-Co triangle diagram confirm this.The presence of hydrothermal fluids not only improved primary production in the paleobasin,but it additionally provided silica,as evidenced by the strong relationship between silica and exhalation components in carbonate-siliceous rocks.Volcanic activity had a slight impact on Domanik sediment genesis.Anoxia and euxinia in the Domanik sea were indicated by proxy U/Th-TOC and V/CrTOC data,as well as behavior of U-EF and Mo-EF on the covariation plot,which influenced organic matter burial in the sediments.Simultaneously,the terrigenous intake was limited.Carbonate breccias,which are common in the Domanik sediments section,developed as a result of the gravitational transfer of carbonate fragments into the carbonate-siliceous material,which might be driven by earthquakes.展开更多
AIM:To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure(ACP)for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye.METHODS:The 20-gauge and 21-gauge st...AIM:To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure(ACP)for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye.METHODS:The 20-gauge and 21-gauge straight tips with yellow and orange sleeves,respectively,were covered by a test chamber combined with a pressure sensor for measuring ACP.This was measured for 20s from 10s after starting aspiration in the linear mode using vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.Using a porcine eye,a pressure sensor fixed with a 0.9 mm corneal incision measured ACP.For the posterior capsule contact assay,porcine eyes were treated as described above,and the ultrasonic needle tip was held at the height of the iris and aspirated for 30s in linear mode at a vacuum of 200 and 150 mm Hg for the 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg for the 21-gauge tip.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule accidentally contacted the ultrasonic tip was recorded,and the estimated ACP was calculated.RESULTS:The internal pressure of the new tube chamber system and ACP from the porcine eye closely matched proportional changes at vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with 20-gauge tips.Similarly,proportional changes at vacuum levels of 300 and 250 mm Hg with the 21-gauge tip were nearly equal.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule contacted with the tip and estimated ACP were 57.5±12.6 cm(20.2±7.9 mm Hg)at 200 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,35.0±10.0 cm(16.6±6.3 mm Hg)at 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,47.5±12.6 cm(18.7±8.7 mm Hg)at 300 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip,and 32.5±5.0 cm(15.7±3.5 mm Hg)at 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.CONCLUSION:A comprehensive understanding of this chamber system’s characteristics and usage can resolve anterior chamber instability caused by changing preoperative settings on the phaco machine.展开更多
Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical de...Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical decisions at the bedside.^([1]) Despite the welldocumented benefits of POCUS,access to longitudinal,comprehensive training programs and a lack of trainee feedback are barriers to the widespread use of this technology in such settings.^([2])展开更多
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge w...Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge worldwide[1].According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME)and the World Health Organization(WHO),the gap in access to healthcare services between high-and low-income countries contributes to delayed detection,increased incidence of advanced-stage disease,and,consequently,higher mortality rates(up to 50%higher compared to high-income countries)[1,2].This translates into inequalities in access to screening and early diagnosis methods,which exacerbate the burden of this disease in low-resource settings where infrastructure,funding,and access to trained professionals are limited[3].展开更多
Gallstone ileus is an uncommon but life-threatening form of mechanical small bowel obstruction,[1]especially in elderly female patients.[2]It is caused by large gallstone impaction that enters the bowel via a cholecys...Gallstone ileus is an uncommon but life-threatening form of mechanical small bowel obstruction,[1]especially in elderly female patients.[2]It is caused by large gallstone impaction that enters the bowel via a cholecystoduodenal fistula.Since the rarity of gallstone ileus is associated with relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities,making an early and accurate diagnosis in emergency settings crucial.展开更多
The Global Health Network Conference 2022 addressed the critical need for expanded health research capabilities in low-and middle-income countries and low-resource settings,particularly in light of global health threa...The Global Health Network Conference 2022 addressed the critical need for expanded health research capabilities in low-and middle-income countries and low-resource settings,particularly in light of global health threats such as pandemics and climate change.This deficit often results in insufficient research to inform effective health interventions.Held in Cape Town,South Africa,the conference brought together a diverse group of health researchers,practitioners,and policymakers from over 50 countries to explore how health research can be embedded into every healthcare setting.The conference emphasized fostering leadership,integrating research findings into policy and practice,enabling research in all healthcare settings,and engaging communities through the research process.This article collates and considers the key findings and recommendations from the eight sessions.These sessions were designed to follow the research cycle,from setting the question to taking the findings into practice,with a focus on capacity building,data-driven decision-making,and tackling gender and societal disparities.Our aim is that by reporting these outputs we can share valuable experience and insights that can help research teams in their studies and through doing so,spark a shift in global health research through this remarkable collaborative effort in knowledge and methods sharing that continues through the Global Health Network community.The recommendations derived from this conference align with the World Health Organization's strategies for reinforcing health research systems and showcase the importance of empowering low-and middle-income countries to conduct research that addresses their unique health challenges.By advancing global health research through collaboration,innovation,and community involvement,the conference laid the groundwork for a comprehensive framework that supports the Sustainable Development Goals and promotes equitable healthcare for all.展开更多
Clinical bladder evaluation is a cost-effective,non-invasive method for diagnosing and managing urinary dysfunction,particularly in patients with neurogenic bladder or other impairments.This process aims to assess bla...Clinical bladder evaluation is a cost-effective,non-invasive method for diagnosing and managing urinary dysfunction,particularly in patients with neurogenic bladder or other impairments.This process aims to assess bladder capacity,storage,and voiding functions through simple,realistic,and resource-friendly approaches.It involves a structured series of steps,from history-taking and physical examination to bladder-emptying procedures,monitoring urine leaks,assessing reflex voiding,measuring post-void residual(PVR),and calculating total bladder capacity.These evaluations help differentiate between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron bladder dysfunction,providing critical insights for tailored management.The interpretation of findings focuses on identifying bladder type,assessing leak timing and volume,evaluating reflex voiding,and measuring PVR and total bladder capacity.The results guide interventions such as timing selfclean intermittent catheterization,adjusting fluid intake,and using bladder diaries to monitor patterns.Clinical bladder evaluation is particularly advantageous in low-resource settings,as it avoids the risks and costs associated with urodynamic studies while reflecting real-life patient conditions more effectively.Despite its benefits,no validation studies currently exist for clinical bladder assessment,and its parameters,like maximum voided volume,remain underexplored compared to urodynamic measures.Given the accessibility,affordability,and practicality of this approach,it holds promise for widespread application,especially in primary care settings and among economically disadvantaged populations.This editorial describes the process step-by-step and highlights its role in improving patient outcomes while minimizing complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virologic...BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in Ethiopia.AIM To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment.METHODS This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December 2019.Baseline assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of cirrhosis.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot program.RESULTS A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated cirrhosis.Khat use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with cirrhosis.Additionally,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started TDF.Among 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,respectively.Among the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated cirrhosis.CONCLUSION This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF treatment.Scaling up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.展开更多
Considering the pivotal role of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction(SAD) in macromolecular crystallography,our objective was to introduce DSAS,a novel program designed for efficient anomalous scattering substructu...Considering the pivotal role of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction(SAD) in macromolecular crystallography,our objective was to introduce DSAS,a novel program designed for efficient anomalous scattering substructure determination.DSAS stands out with its core components:a modified phase-retrieval algorithm and automated parameter tuning.The software boasts an intuitive graphical user interface(GUI),facilitating seamless input of essential data and real-time monitoring.Extensive testing on DSAS has involved diverse datasets,encompassing proteins,nucleic acids,and various anomalous scatters such as sulfur(S),selenium(Se),metals,and halogens.The results confirm DSAS’s exceptional performance in accurately determining heavy atom positions,making it a highly effective tool in the field.展开更多
The alarming state of global insulin access in low-resource settings presents a major barrier to diabetes care.A comprehensive review of these challenges is lacking at the global level.To address this weakness,enhance...The alarming state of global insulin access in low-resource settings presents a major barrier to diabetes care.A comprehensive review of these challenges is lacking at the global level.To address this weakness,enhance affordability and build capacity for a more sustainable approach to scaling up access.This review analyzes the specific issue of inconsistent access to insulin in low-and middle-income countries.Using this analysis,we mapped the scope and intensity of issues such as the unaffordability and unavailability of insulin.We also identified six innovative and integrative strategies for increasing and securing accessibility in the areas of policy making,marketing,clinical practice,health education,domestication,and multisectoral approaches.展开更多
Background and Aim:Despite their flaws,the low-cost but powerful economical solutions can ensure everyone has access to health.The main aim of this study is to extract characteristics of frugal innovation(FI)and socia...Background and Aim:Despite their flaws,the low-cost but powerful economical solutions can ensure everyone has access to health.The main aim of this study is to extract characteristics of frugal innovation(FI)and social innovation(SI)for Primary Health Centers(PHCs)in low resource settings(LRS)for sustainable development.We will use the gained insights to design the mobile primary healthcare infrastructure using FI and SI strategies.There is a lack of methodology to design sustainable healthcare infrastructure for LRS.There is a gap in the literature about building sustainable infrastructure to provide basic healthcare facilities essential to the community.This article studies several factors necessary for designing sustainable infrastructure from the lens of FI,SI,and sustainability to develop a mobile healthcare infrastructure for last-mile people.Methods:Started with purposive sampled case studies to find out factors and criteria that most affect the success for an innovation to be frugal,social,and sustainable.The established criteria were used to design,develop,and deploy the mobile Primary Health Center(mPHC).Moving forward,we tested the system designed with stakeholders to gather insights.At this stage we found the feedback loop from the stakeholders and the role of interdisciplinary discussions between experts,medical officers,nurses,patient,and other staff of PHCs during the design,development,deployment,and test stage to be useful in taking design decisions efficiently.Results:The designed healthcare infrastructure of mPHC through the aspects of FI and SI proves to be efficient in providing key healthcare services to LRS.Conclusion:Focusing on essential capabilities and optimizing performance with technology,methodologies,and processes reduces costs in an innovation.Focus on socially inclusive and rebalancing power disparities,overcome societal challenges and improve human capabilities will create a sustainable and novel solution.展开更多
A system for in vitro investigation of ultrasound contrast agent＇s enhancement effect is presented and evaluated. It includes the digital B-mode ultrasound scanner Belson3000A, the tissue-mimicking ultrasound phantom...A system for in vitro investigation of ultrasound contrast agent＇s enhancement effect is presented and evaluated. It includes the digital B-mode ultrasound scanner Belson3000A, the tissue-mimicking ultrasound phantoms and the software which is used for image quantitative analysis. The linear range, optimal settings and repeatability of the system are assessed and explored by scanning the ultrasound phantoms with different reflective intensities. The measurements are performed under an acoustic power from 4.8 to 12.3 mW, the scanner centre frequency is 3.5 MH and the gain setting is 50 dB. Both a self-made surfactant encapsulated microbubble and a commercial ultrasound contrast agent are scanned. The results show that the pixel intensity of ultrasonic images increases with the increase in the sound power, and for the stronger reflective phantoms of more particles, the increasing trend is much more evident. The system is optimal for evaluating the microbubble contrast agents＇ enhancement effects. It presents a simple, effective and real-time means for characterizing the enhancement ability of microbubbles.展开更多
The southeastern Anatolia comprises numbers of tectono-magmatic]stratJgraphic units such as the metamorphic massifs, the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoid rocks. All of them play important role for ...The southeastern Anatolia comprises numbers of tectono-magmatic]stratJgraphic units such as the metamorphic massifs, the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoid rocks. All of them play important role for the late Cretaceous evolution of the southern Neotethys. The spatial and temporal relations of these units suggest the progressive development of coeval magmatism and thrusting during the late Cretaceous northward subduction/accretion. Our new U-Pb zircon data from the rhyolitic rocks of the wide-spread volcanic arc unit show ages of （83.1 ± 2.2）-（74.6 ± 4.4） Ma. Comparison of the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoids suggest following late Cretaceous geological evolution. The ophiolites formed in a suprasubduction zone （SSZ） setting as a result of northward intra-oceanic subduction. A wide-spread island-arc tholeiitic volcanic unit developed on the top of the SSZ-type crust during 83 75 Ma. Related to regional plate convergence, northward under-thrusting of SSZ-type ophiolites and volcanic arc units was initiated beneath the Tauride platform （Malatya-Keban） and followed by the intrusion of I-type calc-alkaline volcanic arc granitoids during 84 82 Ma. New U-Pb ages from the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit and granitoids indicate that under-thrusting of ophiolites together with the arc-related units beneath the Malatya-Keban platform took place soon after the initiation of the volcanic arc on the top of the SSZ- type crust. Then the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit continued its development and lasted at - 75 Ma until the deposition of the late Campanian-Maastrichtian shallow marine limestone. The subduction trench eventually collided with the Bitlis-Pfitfirge massif giving rise to HP-LT meta- morphism of the Bitlis massif. Although the development of the volcanic arc units and the granitoids were coeval at the initial stage of the subduction/accretion both tectono-magmatic units were genetically different from each other.展开更多
Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management tr...Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.展开更多
With the economic globalization and the demand of the situation, many higher universities set up business English major. However, since business English is still a new major and research field in higher education, lot...With the economic globalization and the demand of the situation, many higher universities set up business English major. However, since business English is still a new major and research field in higher education, lots of problems exist in the major construction, in which the issue of course settings is a heated one. The author believes that as for the course setting of business English that is an important branch of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it should be based on the demand toward business English talents from the market and the characteristics of business English.This thesis will, based on the point view of student, further discuss the issue of business English. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the course setting of business English in China is not mature enough, which has problems involved in the content and the time arrangement. The significance of this thesis is to put forward reasonable proposals in the hope of solving the problem in the course setting of business English so that the business English graduates will be fit for the needs of the society.展开更多
In Beyond the Horizon,a three-act play,Eugene O'Neill successfully employs the techinique of contrast,namely,contrasts between different characters,between indoor and outdoor settings,and between seasons,which hel...In Beyond the Horizon,a three-act play,Eugene O'Neill successfully employs the techinique of contrast,namely,contrasts between different characters,between indoor and outdoor settings,and between seasons,which help to acquire rich symbolic meaning and intensify the tragic sense of the play.展开更多
The Late Triassic to Paleogene （T3-E） basin occupies an area of 143100 km^2, being the sixth area of the whole of SE China; the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km^2; it provides a key for underst...The Late Triassic to Paleogene （T3-E） basin occupies an area of 143100 km^2, being the sixth area of the whole of SE China; the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km^2; it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China. From a new 1：1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China, combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features, some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained. Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics, geometric features, relations of basin and range. According to basin-forming geodynamical mechanisms, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types, namely： 1） para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic （T3-J1） under compressional conditions; 2） rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic （J2） under a strongly extensional setting; and 3） a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene （K1-E） under back-arc extension action. From the rock assemblages of the basin, the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous （K1） and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene （K2-E）. Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins （T3-J1） is 15120 km^2, one of rift basins （J2） occupies 4640 km^2, and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km^2 including the K2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km^2. The Early Mesozoic （T3-J1） basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene （J2-E） were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics. Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed, namely： 1） the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary; 2） the Middle Jurassic rift zone; and 3） the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism. Three types of basin-granite relationships have been identified, including compressional （a few）, strike-slip （a few）, and extensional （common）. A three-stage geodynamical evolution of the SE-China basin is mooted： an Early Mesozoic basin-granite framework; a transitional Middle Jurassic tectonic regime; intracontinental extension and red-bed faulted depressions since the Late Cretaceous.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Globally,it’s estimated that at least 1 billion people have a near and/or distance vision impairment that could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed.The burden of unaddressed vision impairment and blindness is estimated to be four times higher in low and intermediate-resource settings than in high-income settings.[1]
文摘Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure globally,primarily for symptomatic cholelithiasis or related gallbladder conditions.Advances in surgical techniques,such as laparoscopic and robotic approaches,have enhanced patient results and reduced hospital stays.However,postoperative care is crucial for optimizing recovery,preventing complications,and enhancing quality of life.Nurses have a critical role in achieving these objectives,starting from immediate postoperative evaluation through long-term monitoring.This review outlines essential nursing considerations and evidence-based practices for postoperative care following cholecystectomy.Key areas encompass pain control,respiratory assistance,early mobilization,wound and drain management,nutritional advice,psychosocial aid,and discharge preparation.By integrating current research and clinical guidelines,this review aims to serve as an authoritative resource to assist nurses in improving postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction.
文摘In this paper,the sentiment classification method of multimodal adversarial autoencoder is studied.This paper includes the introduction of the multimodal adversarial autoencoder emotion classification method and the experiment of the emotion classification method based on the encoder.The experimental analysis shows that the encoder has higher precision than other encoders in emotion classification.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for the emotion classification under the current intelligent algorithm mode.
基金funded by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities,project No.FZSM-2023-0014。
文摘The study reconstructs the Upper Devonian Domanik sedimentation conditions using geochemical studies.Domanik sediments,the subject of study,are being developed in Russia's Volga-Ural petroleum province.Core samples have been collected from the South Tatar arch and the Birskaya saddle,totaling four wells.Macroscopic description,optical microscopic petrographic examination,X-ray analysis,X-ray fluorescence analysis,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),simultaneous thermal analyses,scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),Rock-Eval pyrolytic studies,and correlation analysis were among the methods used in the study.Carbonate rocks,carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched with organic matter,and carbonate breccias are the main identified lithotypes.The predominant rock-forming mineral in carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched with organic matter is quartz(chalcedony)of authigenic genesis.The lack of co rrelation between organic matter concentration and quartz,as well as the results of simultaneous thermal studies and SEM,suggest that quartz is present in both biogenic and chemogenic forms.The proxies Cd/Mo and Co x Mn were used for proving variable hydrodynamic conditions in the Domanik sediments sea:sediments were deposited under both stationary and seasonal upwelling conditions.The major bioproductivity of the Domanik sea was also influenced by hydrothermal activity.The proxy(Fe+Mn)/Ti data and the results of the rock genesis evaluation using the Zn-Ni-Co triangle diagram confirm this.The presence of hydrothermal fluids not only improved primary production in the paleobasin,but it additionally provided silica,as evidenced by the strong relationship between silica and exhalation components in carbonate-siliceous rocks.Volcanic activity had a slight impact on Domanik sediment genesis.Anoxia and euxinia in the Domanik sea were indicated by proxy U/Th-TOC and V/CrTOC data,as well as behavior of U-EF and Mo-EF on the covariation plot,which influenced organic matter burial in the sediments.Simultaneously,the terrigenous intake was limited.Carbonate breccias,which are common in the Domanik sediments section,developed as a result of the gravitational transfer of carbonate fragments into the carbonate-siliceous material,which might be driven by earthquakes.
文摘AIM:To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure(ACP)for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye.METHODS:The 20-gauge and 21-gauge straight tips with yellow and orange sleeves,respectively,were covered by a test chamber combined with a pressure sensor for measuring ACP.This was measured for 20s from 10s after starting aspiration in the linear mode using vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.Using a porcine eye,a pressure sensor fixed with a 0.9 mm corneal incision measured ACP.For the posterior capsule contact assay,porcine eyes were treated as described above,and the ultrasonic needle tip was held at the height of the iris and aspirated for 30s in linear mode at a vacuum of 200 and 150 mm Hg for the 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg for the 21-gauge tip.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule accidentally contacted the ultrasonic tip was recorded,and the estimated ACP was calculated.RESULTS:The internal pressure of the new tube chamber system and ACP from the porcine eye closely matched proportional changes at vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with 20-gauge tips.Similarly,proportional changes at vacuum levels of 300 and 250 mm Hg with the 21-gauge tip were nearly equal.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule contacted with the tip and estimated ACP were 57.5±12.6 cm(20.2±7.9 mm Hg)at 200 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,35.0±10.0 cm(16.6±6.3 mm Hg)at 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,47.5±12.6 cm(18.7±8.7 mm Hg)at 300 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip,and 32.5±5.0 cm(15.7±3.5 mm Hg)at 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.CONCLUSION:A comprehensive understanding of this chamber system’s characteristics and usage can resolve anterior chamber instability caused by changing preoperative settings on the phaco machine.
文摘Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool,especially in resourcelimited settings(RLS).POCUS provides rapid diagnostic information that enables health professionals to make critical decisions at the bedside.^([1]) Despite the welldocumented benefits of POCUS,access to longitudinal,comprehensive training programs and a lack of trainee feedback are barriers to the widespread use of this technology in such settings.^([2])
文摘Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally,with its incidence continuing to rise,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,presenting a significant public health challenge worldwide[1].According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME)and the World Health Organization(WHO),the gap in access to healthcare services between high-and low-income countries contributes to delayed detection,increased incidence of advanced-stage disease,and,consequently,higher mortality rates(up to 50%higher compared to high-income countries)[1,2].This translates into inequalities in access to screening and early diagnosis methods,which exacerbate the burden of this disease in low-resource settings where infrastructure,funding,and access to trained professionals are limited[3].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902379)Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(21CGA20)Cultivation Foundation of Renji Hospital(RJPY-LX-011).
文摘Gallstone ileus is an uncommon but life-threatening form of mechanical small bowel obstruction,[1]especially in elderly female patients.[2]It is caused by large gallstone impaction that enters the bowel via a cholecystoduodenal fistula.Since the rarity of gallstone ileus is associated with relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities,making an early and accurate diagnosis in emergency settings crucial.
文摘The Global Health Network Conference 2022 addressed the critical need for expanded health research capabilities in low-and middle-income countries and low-resource settings,particularly in light of global health threats such as pandemics and climate change.This deficit often results in insufficient research to inform effective health interventions.Held in Cape Town,South Africa,the conference brought together a diverse group of health researchers,practitioners,and policymakers from over 50 countries to explore how health research can be embedded into every healthcare setting.The conference emphasized fostering leadership,integrating research findings into policy and practice,enabling research in all healthcare settings,and engaging communities through the research process.This article collates and considers the key findings and recommendations from the eight sessions.These sessions were designed to follow the research cycle,from setting the question to taking the findings into practice,with a focus on capacity building,data-driven decision-making,and tackling gender and societal disparities.Our aim is that by reporting these outputs we can share valuable experience and insights that can help research teams in their studies and through doing so,spark a shift in global health research through this remarkable collaborative effort in knowledge and methods sharing that continues through the Global Health Network community.The recommendations derived from this conference align with the World Health Organization's strategies for reinforcing health research systems and showcase the importance of empowering low-and middle-income countries to conduct research that addresses their unique health challenges.By advancing global health research through collaboration,innovation,and community involvement,the conference laid the groundwork for a comprehensive framework that supports the Sustainable Development Goals and promotes equitable healthcare for all.
文摘Clinical bladder evaluation is a cost-effective,non-invasive method for diagnosing and managing urinary dysfunction,particularly in patients with neurogenic bladder or other impairments.This process aims to assess bladder capacity,storage,and voiding functions through simple,realistic,and resource-friendly approaches.It involves a structured series of steps,from history-taking and physical examination to bladder-emptying procedures,monitoring urine leaks,assessing reflex voiding,measuring post-void residual(PVR),and calculating total bladder capacity.These evaluations help differentiate between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron bladder dysfunction,providing critical insights for tailored management.The interpretation of findings focuses on identifying bladder type,assessing leak timing and volume,evaluating reflex voiding,and measuring PVR and total bladder capacity.The results guide interventions such as timing selfclean intermittent catheterization,adjusting fluid intake,and using bladder diaries to monitor patterns.Clinical bladder evaluation is particularly advantageous in low-resource settings,as it avoids the risks and costs associated with urodynamic studies while reflecting real-life patient conditions more effectively.Despite its benefits,no validation studies currently exist for clinical bladder assessment,and its parameters,like maximum voided volume,remain underexplored compared to urodynamic measures.Given the accessibility,affordability,and practicality of this approach,it holds promise for widespread application,especially in primary care settings and among economically disadvantaged populations.This editorial describes the process step-by-step and highlights its role in improving patient outcomes while minimizing complications.
基金Supported by the Norwegian Research Council,220622/H10.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in Ethiopia.AIM To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment.METHODS This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December 2019.Baseline assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of cirrhosis.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot program.RESULTS A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated cirrhosis.Khat use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with cirrhosis.Additionally,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started TDF.Among 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,respectively.Among the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated cirrhosis.CONCLUSION This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF treatment.Scaling up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32371280 and T2350011)。
文摘Considering the pivotal role of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction(SAD) in macromolecular crystallography,our objective was to introduce DSAS,a novel program designed for efficient anomalous scattering substructure determination.DSAS stands out with its core components:a modified phase-retrieval algorithm and automated parameter tuning.The software boasts an intuitive graphical user interface(GUI),facilitating seamless input of essential data and real-time monitoring.Extensive testing on DSAS has involved diverse datasets,encompassing proteins,nucleic acids,and various anomalous scatters such as sulfur(S),selenium(Se),metals,and halogens.The results confirm DSAS’s exceptional performance in accurately determining heavy atom positions,making it a highly effective tool in the field.
文摘The alarming state of global insulin access in low-resource settings presents a major barrier to diabetes care.A comprehensive review of these challenges is lacking at the global level.To address this weakness,enhance affordability and build capacity for a more sustainable approach to scaling up access.This review analyzes the specific issue of inconsistent access to insulin in low-and middle-income countries.Using this analysis,we mapped the scope and intensity of issues such as the unaffordability and unavailability of insulin.We also identified six innovative and integrative strategies for increasing and securing accessibility in the areas of policy making,marketing,clinical practice,health education,domestication,and multisectoral approaches.
文摘Background and Aim:Despite their flaws,the low-cost but powerful economical solutions can ensure everyone has access to health.The main aim of this study is to extract characteristics of frugal innovation(FI)and social innovation(SI)for Primary Health Centers(PHCs)in low resource settings(LRS)for sustainable development.We will use the gained insights to design the mobile primary healthcare infrastructure using FI and SI strategies.There is a lack of methodology to design sustainable healthcare infrastructure for LRS.There is a gap in the literature about building sustainable infrastructure to provide basic healthcare facilities essential to the community.This article studies several factors necessary for designing sustainable infrastructure from the lens of FI,SI,and sustainability to develop a mobile healthcare infrastructure for last-mile people.Methods:Started with purposive sampled case studies to find out factors and criteria that most affect the success for an innovation to be frugal,social,and sustainable.The established criteria were used to design,develop,and deploy the mobile Primary Health Center(mPHC).Moving forward,we tested the system designed with stakeholders to gather insights.At this stage we found the feedback loop from the stakeholders and the role of interdisciplinary discussions between experts,medical officers,nurses,patient,and other staff of PHCs during the design,development,deployment,and test stage to be useful in taking design decisions efficiently.Results:The designed healthcare infrastructure of mPHC through the aspects of FI and SI proves to be efficient in providing key healthcare services to LRS.Conclusion:Focusing on essential capabilities and optimizing performance with technology,methodologies,and processes reduces costs in an innovation.Focus on socially inclusive and rebalancing power disparities,overcome societal challenges and improve human capabilities will create a sustainable and novel solution.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.2006CB933206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50872021,60725101)
文摘A system for in vitro investigation of ultrasound contrast agent＇s enhancement effect is presented and evaluated. It includes the digital B-mode ultrasound scanner Belson3000A, the tissue-mimicking ultrasound phantoms and the software which is used for image quantitative analysis. The linear range, optimal settings and repeatability of the system are assessed and explored by scanning the ultrasound phantoms with different reflective intensities. The measurements are performed under an acoustic power from 4.8 to 12.3 mW, the scanner centre frequency is 3.5 MH and the gain setting is 50 dB. Both a self-made surfactant encapsulated microbubble and a commercial ultrasound contrast agent are scanned. The results show that the pixel intensity of ultrasonic images increases with the increase in the sound power, and for the stronger reflective phantoms of more particles, the increasing trend is much more evident. The system is optimal for evaluating the microbubble contrast agents＇ enhancement effects. It presents a simple, effective and real-time means for characterizing the enhancement ability of microbubbles.
基金a part of Ph.D study of Fatih KaraoglanFinancial support from the TBITAK(Project No.106Y231)+1 种基金Cukurova University Research Foundation(Project No.MMF2009D11)International Research Fellowship Programme supported by TUBITAK-BIDEB
文摘The southeastern Anatolia comprises numbers of tectono-magmatic]stratJgraphic units such as the metamorphic massifs, the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoid rocks. All of them play important role for the late Cretaceous evolution of the southern Neotethys. The spatial and temporal relations of these units suggest the progressive development of coeval magmatism and thrusting during the late Cretaceous northward subduction/accretion. Our new U-Pb zircon data from the rhyolitic rocks of the wide-spread volcanic arc unit show ages of （83.1 ± 2.2）-（74.6 ± 4.4） Ma. Comparison of the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoids suggest following late Cretaceous geological evolution. The ophiolites formed in a suprasubduction zone （SSZ） setting as a result of northward intra-oceanic subduction. A wide-spread island-arc tholeiitic volcanic unit developed on the top of the SSZ-type crust during 83 75 Ma. Related to regional plate convergence, northward under-thrusting of SSZ-type ophiolites and volcanic arc units was initiated beneath the Tauride platform （Malatya-Keban） and followed by the intrusion of I-type calc-alkaline volcanic arc granitoids during 84 82 Ma. New U-Pb ages from the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit and granitoids indicate that under-thrusting of ophiolites together with the arc-related units beneath the Malatya-Keban platform took place soon after the initiation of the volcanic arc on the top of the SSZ- type crust. Then the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit continued its development and lasted at - 75 Ma until the deposition of the late Campanian-Maastrichtian shallow marine limestone. The subduction trench eventually collided with the Bitlis-Pfitfirge massif giving rise to HP-LT meta- morphism of the Bitlis massif. Although the development of the volcanic arc units and the granitoids were coeval at the initial stage of the subduction/accretion both tectono-magmatic units were genetically different from each other.
文摘Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.
文摘With the economic globalization and the demand of the situation, many higher universities set up business English major. However, since business English is still a new major and research field in higher education, lots of problems exist in the major construction, in which the issue of course settings is a heated one. The author believes that as for the course setting of business English that is an important branch of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it should be based on the demand toward business English talents from the market and the characteristics of business English.This thesis will, based on the point view of student, further discuss the issue of business English. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the course setting of business English in China is not mature enough, which has problems involved in the content and the time arrangement. The significance of this thesis is to put forward reasonable proposals in the hope of solving the problem in the course setting of business English so that the business English graduates will be fit for the needs of the society.
文摘In Beyond the Horizon,a three-act play,Eugene O'Neill successfully employs the techinique of contrast,namely,contrasts between different characters,between indoor and outdoor settings,and between seasons,which help to acquire rich symbolic meaning and intensify the tragic sense of the play.
基金The support of the National Science Foundation of China （grant No. 40132010, No. 40634022, No. 40221301, No. 40572118） is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Late Triassic to Paleogene （T3-E） basin occupies an area of 143100 km^2, being the sixth area of the whole of SE China; the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km^2; it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China. From a new 1：1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China, combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features, some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained. Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics, geometric features, relations of basin and range. According to basin-forming geodynamical mechanisms, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types, namely： 1） para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic （T3-J1） under compressional conditions; 2） rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic （J2） under a strongly extensional setting; and 3） a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene （K1-E） under back-arc extension action. From the rock assemblages of the basin, the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous （K1） and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene （K2-E）. Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins （T3-J1） is 15120 km^2, one of rift basins （J2） occupies 4640 km^2, and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km^2 including the K2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km^2. The Early Mesozoic （T3-J1） basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene （J2-E） were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics. Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed, namely： 1） the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary; 2） the Middle Jurassic rift zone; and 3） the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism. Three types of basin-granite relationships have been identified, including compressional （a few）, strike-slip （a few）, and extensional （common）. A three-stage geodynamical evolution of the SE-China basin is mooted： an Early Mesozoic basin-granite framework; a transitional Middle Jurassic tectonic regime; intracontinental extension and red-bed faulted depressions since the Late Cretaceous.
