Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the ...In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.展开更多
As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is a...As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is available for every individual,regardless of their social or insurance status,via a toll-free telephone number.Understanding the risk factors for busy days in EMSs might be helpful for improving the allocation of resources,which is the key to better care for all patients in the prehospital setting.[1]An important factor influencing ambulance call volume could be the interplay of public behavior and weather.展开更多
Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addres...Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addresses the emerging online exhibition models.It provides guidelines for the whole exhibition process,and clarifies the requirements for service providers’capabilities,to promote the healthy development of this evolving industry.展开更多
Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literatu...Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES map...Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.展开更多
In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has app...In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.展开更多
HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discriminatio...HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation in healthcare settings significantly reduces ART adherence[1].This highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies to address stigma,discrimination,and social marginalization,especially within healthcare facilities,to improve HIV care outcomes.展开更多
Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these ...Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these services.This study introduces the Recreational and Aesthetic Values of Forested Landscapes(RAFL)index,a novel framework combining six measurable recreational and aesthetic components:Stewardship,Naturalness,Complexity,Visual Scale,Historicity,and Ephemera.The RAFL index was integrated into a Linear Programming(LP)Resource Capability Model(RCM)to assess trade-offs between CES and other ecosystem services,including timber production,wildfire resistance,and biodiversity.The approach was applied in a case study in Northern Portugal,comparing two forest management scenarios:Business as Usual(BAU),dominated by eucalyptus plantations,and an Alternative Scenario(ALT),focused on the conversion to native species:cork oak,chestnut,and pedunculate oak.Results revealed that the ALT scenario consistently achieved higher RAFL values,reflecting its potential to enhance CES,while also supporting higher biodiversity and wildfire resilience compared to the BAU scenario.Results highlighted further that management may maintain steady timber production and wildfire regulatory services while addressing concerns with CES.This study provides a replicable methodology for quantifying CES and integrating them into forest management frameworks,offering actionable insights for decision-makers.The findings highlight the effectiveness of the approach in designing landscape mosaics that provide CES while addressing the need to supply provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services.展开更多
This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technol...This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technology deployment relevant to disease management,healthcare delivery,epidemiology,and policy-making.However,its AI is culturally sensitive and ethically grounded in Islam.Based on the PRISMA framework,an SLR evaluated primary academic literature,cases,and practices of Saudi Arabia’s AI implementation in the public healthcare sector.Instead,it categorizes prior research based on how AI can work,the issues it poses,and its implications for the Kingdom’s healthcare system.The Saudi Arabian context analyses show that AI has increased the discreet prediction of diseases,resource management,and monitoring outbreaks during mass congregations such as hajj.Therefore,the study outlines critical areas for defining the potential for artificial intelligence and areas for enhancing digital development to support global healthcare progress.The key themes emerging from the review include Saudi Arabia:(i)the effectiveness of AI with human interaction for sustainable health services;(ii)conditions and quality control to enhance the quality of health care services using AI;(iii)environmental factors as influencing factors for public health care;(iv)Artificial Intelligence,and advanced decision-making technology for Middle Eastern health care systems.For policymakers,healthcare managers,and researchers who will engage with AI innovation,the review proclaims that AI applications should respect the country’s socio-cultural and ethical practices and pave the way for sustainable healthcare provision.More empirical research is needed on the implementation issues with AI,creating culturally appropriate models of AI,and finding new applications of AI to address the increasing demand for healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.展开更多
Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enha...Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.展开更多
Global warming and climate change have made food production through conventional agriculture inefficient, and their effects on livestock and crop cultivation are leading to disruptions in the food supply. The troubles...Global warming and climate change have made food production through conventional agriculture inefficient, and their effects on livestock and crop cultivation are leading to disruptions in the food supply. The troubles are severe in regions suffering from improper land management and unsustainable practices. The Bio-CircularGreen(BCG) economic model, designed to reduce and recycle resources by using environmentally friendly procedures, has been developed. The Azolla plant represents an interesting model for BCG and for enhancing community networks in Southeast Asia(SEA) because it provides multipurpose materials. Azolla can be used for various applications in agriculture such as biofertilizer and animal feed. However, our understanding and utilization of Azolla are limited. Moreover, collaboration among farmers is insufficient to maximize the benefits of Azolla. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the role of Azolla in agriculture. We review the main properties of Azolla as biofertilizers, especially regarding rice production and the interaction with cyanobacteria. For livestock, we discuss procedures to use Azolla in animal feed and evaluate the ingredients of the meal. In addition, we discuss product qualities from livestock treated with Azolla in the diet. This review also describes Azolla-based farming, which is designed for efficient land use and promotes nutrient cycling.Hence, we show that the Azolla plant is one of the key factors for farm-based agroecosystem services which can drive sustainable bioresource management in SEA. Moreover, we also propose the potential development of Azolla to improve its properties as a biofertilizer, a functional feed for animals and humans, and a feedstock for bio-oil production.展开更多
BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to ...BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to mothers and their babies after delivery through Internet-based platforms.This approach can help reduce negative emotions of primiparas and promote better health for both mothers and babies.AIM To explore the effect of Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services on postpartum depression of primiparas and neonatal growth and development and thus provide a scientific basis for strengthening postpartum healthcare measures and better protect maternal and child health.METHODS The study retrospectively collected data of primiparas and their newborns who underwent prenatal examination and successfully delivered at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou City.The observation group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services between July and December 2024.According to the principle of matching(1:1)control study,the control group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received routine postpartum healthcare services between January and June 2024.The maternal role adaptation questionnaire scores,breastfeeding rates,Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)scores,and newborn growth and development(height,head circumference,and weight)were compared between the two groups at the time of discharge after delivery and 6-week postpartum follow-up.RESULTS Upon hospital discharge,the two groups did not demonstrate significant differences in maternal role adaptation scores,breastfeeding rates,EPDS scores,as well as newborn height,head circumference,and weight at birth(P>0.05).At the 6-week postpartum follow-up,the maternal role adaptation score and breastfeeding rate were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,one case of postpartum depression was reported in the observation group and eight in the control group.Moreover,the control group exhibited a significant increase in EPDS scores compared with scores at hospital discharge(P<0.05),whereas the observation group showed only a marginal,nonsignificant increase in EPDS scores(P>0.05).The EPDS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),indicating a lower risk of postpartum depression in the observation group.The length,head circumference,and weight of the newborns 6 weeks after birth were increased compared with those at birth,and the growth rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),indicating better growth and development in the observation group.CONCLUSION Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services improve maternal role adaptation,increase breastfeeding rates,mitigate postpartum depression risk,and promote neonatal growth and development in primiparas.展开更多
Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laborat...Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.展开更多
Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their ...Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their complex interactions.However,existing studies often fail to fully consider vegetation response,constituting a gap in the comprehensive assessment of changes in ecosystem services.Therefore,a coupled model framework integrating climate change,land use change,and vegetation dynamics was developed to allow for the simulation of dynamic ecosystem service scenarios throughout the twenty-first century.The Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province was considered as the study area.The results showed that ecosystem services and their synergistic effects will be optimized under scenarios that emphasize strict protection of ecological lands and incorporating the SSP1-2.6 scenario.However,sustaining optimized ecosystem services poses significant challenges in scenarios characterized by resource-intensive development and ongoing climate warming,as in the SSP5-8.5 scenario.Notably,discernible variations exist in balancing and synergizing the management of ecosystem services across diverse land uses and forest types.Our study underscores the importance of integrating vegetation response into the framework of ecosystem service forecasting,which is essential for assisting nature reserves in effectively addressing the multifaceted risks associated with climate change and rapid socio-economic development.展开更多
In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countr...In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].展开更多
Cultural ecosystem services(CES)provided by urban green infrastructure are essential for enhancing social well-being and resilience.Identifying and mapping CES at a local scale is crucial for informed land-use decisio...Cultural ecosystem services(CES)provided by urban green infrastructure are essential for enhancing social well-being and resilience.Identifying and mapping CES at a local scale is crucial for informed land-use decisions that align with citizens'perceptions.However,research on ecosystem services in Romania has been limited,with a notable gap in the assessment of CES provided by urban green spaces.This study is the first to focus on Băneasa Forest,the only urban forest in Bucharest,which serves as a vital recreational area for thousands of residents and visitors.For the first time in Romania,this research uses a web-based Participatory GIS survey to collect spatially referenced data.The survey,which combines questionnaires and mapping exercises,allows us to produce high-resolution CES maps based on 816 responses.The results reveal that the forest's natural characteristics are perceived as the primary contributors to CES.These findings are valuable for urban planners,as they highlight the needs and expectations of forest visitors,promote conservation efforts,and foster collaboration to prevent conflicts.Alongside factors frequently discussed in the literature,such as age and accessibility,the percentage of green space in residents'neighborhoods emerges as a significant factor influencing CES preferences.This insight presents a novel contribution to the literature,being of particular importance for urban planners and policymakers,as it underscores the need to consider not just the green space within parks and forests,but also the broader context of surrounding neighborhoods when planning for CES.Understanding that the availability of nearby green space influences residents'CES preferences can guide more effective strategies to enhance access to CES in urban areas,both in Bucharest and elsewhere.This is especially relevant in the face of climate change and other emerging challenges,which are likely to increase the demand for CES in the future.展开更多
Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between e...Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.展开更多
The aim of this study is to investigate how clinical pharmacists can optimize drug use for pediatric patients with respiratory diseases.We extracted etiological,symptomatic,and medication-related information from pati...The aim of this study is to investigate how clinical pharmacists can optimize drug use for pediatric patients with respiratory diseases.We extracted etiological,symptomatic,and medication-related information from patient medical records.The rationality of each patient’s medication regimen was evaluated using relevant tools,including DXY,Medication Assistant Software(mobile version),MCDEX Software(mobile version),and literature from databases such as VIP and CNKI.By considering the patients’age,prescribed medication regimens,and disease characteristics,we identified key aspects and precautions for pharmaceutical care.Pharmacists provided tailored pharmaceutical care and medication education based on each patient’s specific age,treatment plan,and illness profile.Through active involvement in personalized medication management,pharmacists can offer individualized drug services,enhancing both the safety and effectiveness of treatments for pediatric patients.展开更多
Volunteer engagement in emergency management,focusing on mitigating adverse consequences,has attracted scholarly and practitioner attention.Digital volunteering helps overcome the limitations of traditional on-site vo...Volunteer engagement in emergency management,focusing on mitigating adverse consequences,has attracted scholarly and practitioner attention.Digital volunteering helps overcome the limitations of traditional on-site volunteering through extensive volunteering opportunities in emergency management.This study utilizes a case text analysis and interviews to investigate and categorize digital volunteer services in emergency scenarios.Based on two key dimensions—direct recipients of volunteer services and the nature of the services rendered—the study presents four types of digital volunteer services:bridging,supportive,complementary,and collaborative.Moreover,it delineates eight role archetypes digital volunteers assume in emergency response situations along with their primary service contributions.Compared to conventional on-site volunteer services,digital volunteer services offer unique advantages while facing specific challenges.Finally,this study offers recommendations in four dimensions for the robust development of digital volunteer services,contributing to more effective and sustainable emergency management practices.展开更多
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
文摘In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.
文摘As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is available for every individual,regardless of their social or insurance status,via a toll-free telephone number.Understanding the risk factors for busy days in EMSs might be helpful for improving the allocation of resources,which is the key to better care for all patients in the prehospital setting.[1]An important factor influencing ambulance call volume could be the interplay of public behavior and weather.
文摘Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addresses the emerging online exhibition models.It provides guidelines for the whole exhibition process,and clarifies the requirements for service providers’capabilities,to promote the healthy development of this evolving industry.
基金supported by the project MApping and Forecasting Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas(MAFESUR)funded by the Lithuanian Research Council(Contract:Nr.P-MIP-23-426).
文摘Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.
基金supported by the project Monetary valuation of soil ecosystem services and creation of initiatives to invest in soil health:setting a framework for the inclusion of soil health in business and in the policy making process(InBestSoil)(Horizon Europe)Grant agreement ID:101091099。
文摘Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.
文摘In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.
文摘HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation in healthcare settings significantly reduces ART adherence[1].This highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies to address stigma,discrimination,and social marginalization,especially within healthcare facilities,to improve HIV care outcomes.
基金supported by the Forest Research Centre,a research unit funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia I.P.(FCT),Portugal(UIDB/00239/2020)the Associated Laboratory TERRA(LA/P/0092/2020)+4 种基金Additional funding was provided through the Ph.D.grant awarded to Dagm Abate(UI/BD/151525/2021)by two key projects:H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020/101007950,titled“DecisionES-Decision Support for the Supply of Ecosystem Services under Global Change,”funded by the Marie Curie International Staff Exchange Scheme,H2020-LCGD-2020-3/101037419,titled“FIRE-RES-Innovative technologies and socio-ecological economic solutions for fireresilient territories in Europe,”funded by the EU Horizon 2020—Research and Innovation Framework Programmesupported by a project MODFIRE—a multiple criteria approach to integrate wildfire behavior in forest management planning with reference PCIF/MOS/0217/2017a contract from Dr.Susete Marques in the scope of Norma Transitoria—DL57/2016/CP1382/CT15a grant from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT),Portugal to Dr.Guerra-Hernandez(CEECIND/02576/2022).
文摘Cultural ecosystem services(CES),which encompass recreational and aesthetic values,contribute to human wellbeing and yet are often underrepresented in forest management planning due to challenges in quantifying these services.This study introduces the Recreational and Aesthetic Values of Forested Landscapes(RAFL)index,a novel framework combining six measurable recreational and aesthetic components:Stewardship,Naturalness,Complexity,Visual Scale,Historicity,and Ephemera.The RAFL index was integrated into a Linear Programming(LP)Resource Capability Model(RCM)to assess trade-offs between CES and other ecosystem services,including timber production,wildfire resistance,and biodiversity.The approach was applied in a case study in Northern Portugal,comparing two forest management scenarios:Business as Usual(BAU),dominated by eucalyptus plantations,and an Alternative Scenario(ALT),focused on the conversion to native species:cork oak,chestnut,and pedunculate oak.Results revealed that the ALT scenario consistently achieved higher RAFL values,reflecting its potential to enhance CES,while also supporting higher biodiversity and wildfire resilience compared to the BAU scenario.Results highlighted further that management may maintain steady timber production and wildfire regulatory services while addressing concerns with CES.This study provides a replicable methodology for quantifying CES and integrating them into forest management frameworks,offering actionable insights for decision-makers.The findings highlight the effectiveness of the approach in designing landscape mosaics that provide CES while addressing the need to supply provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services.
基金funded by the Scientific ResearchDeanship at theUniversity ofHa’il-Saudi Arabia through project number-RG-23251.
文摘This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technology deployment relevant to disease management,healthcare delivery,epidemiology,and policy-making.However,its AI is culturally sensitive and ethically grounded in Islam.Based on the PRISMA framework,an SLR evaluated primary academic literature,cases,and practices of Saudi Arabia’s AI implementation in the public healthcare sector.Instead,it categorizes prior research based on how AI can work,the issues it poses,and its implications for the Kingdom’s healthcare system.The Saudi Arabian context analyses show that AI has increased the discreet prediction of diseases,resource management,and monitoring outbreaks during mass congregations such as hajj.Therefore,the study outlines critical areas for defining the potential for artificial intelligence and areas for enhancing digital development to support global healthcare progress.The key themes emerging from the review include Saudi Arabia:(i)the effectiveness of AI with human interaction for sustainable health services;(ii)conditions and quality control to enhance the quality of health care services using AI;(iii)environmental factors as influencing factors for public health care;(iv)Artificial Intelligence,and advanced decision-making technology for Middle Eastern health care systems.For policymakers,healthcare managers,and researchers who will engage with AI innovation,the review proclaims that AI applications should respect the country’s socio-cultural and ethical practices and pave the way for sustainable healthcare provision.More empirical research is needed on the implementation issues with AI,creating culturally appropriate models of AI,and finding new applications of AI to address the increasing demand for healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.
文摘Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.
基金Mahidol University for the support of a “Scholarship for PhD Student”, Thailandthe the cooperation with the National Science and Technology Development Agency and Mahidol University of “the Scholarship for the Development of High Quality Research Graduates in Science and Technology Project”, Thailand。
文摘Global warming and climate change have made food production through conventional agriculture inefficient, and their effects on livestock and crop cultivation are leading to disruptions in the food supply. The troubles are severe in regions suffering from improper land management and unsustainable practices. The Bio-CircularGreen(BCG) economic model, designed to reduce and recycle resources by using environmentally friendly procedures, has been developed. The Azolla plant represents an interesting model for BCG and for enhancing community networks in Southeast Asia(SEA) because it provides multipurpose materials. Azolla can be used for various applications in agriculture such as biofertilizer and animal feed. However, our understanding and utilization of Azolla are limited. Moreover, collaboration among farmers is insufficient to maximize the benefits of Azolla. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the role of Azolla in agriculture. We review the main properties of Azolla as biofertilizers, especially regarding rice production and the interaction with cyanobacteria. For livestock, we discuss procedures to use Azolla in animal feed and evaluate the ingredients of the meal. In addition, we discuss product qualities from livestock treated with Azolla in the diet. This review also describes Azolla-based farming, which is designed for efficient land use and promotes nutrient cycling.Hence, we show that the Azolla plant is one of the key factors for farm-based agroecosystem services which can drive sustainable bioresource management in SEA. Moreover, we also propose the potential development of Azolla to improve its properties as a biofertilizer, a functional feed for animals and humans, and a feedstock for bio-oil production.
基金Supported by 2024 Academy Level Research Start up Fund,No.YK202434.
文摘BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to mothers and their babies after delivery through Internet-based platforms.This approach can help reduce negative emotions of primiparas and promote better health for both mothers and babies.AIM To explore the effect of Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services on postpartum depression of primiparas and neonatal growth and development and thus provide a scientific basis for strengthening postpartum healthcare measures and better protect maternal and child health.METHODS The study retrospectively collected data of primiparas and their newborns who underwent prenatal examination and successfully delivered at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou City.The observation group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services between July and December 2024.According to the principle of matching(1:1)control study,the control group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received routine postpartum healthcare services between January and June 2024.The maternal role adaptation questionnaire scores,breastfeeding rates,Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)scores,and newborn growth and development(height,head circumference,and weight)were compared between the two groups at the time of discharge after delivery and 6-week postpartum follow-up.RESULTS Upon hospital discharge,the two groups did not demonstrate significant differences in maternal role adaptation scores,breastfeeding rates,EPDS scores,as well as newborn height,head circumference,and weight at birth(P>0.05).At the 6-week postpartum follow-up,the maternal role adaptation score and breastfeeding rate were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,one case of postpartum depression was reported in the observation group and eight in the control group.Moreover,the control group exhibited a significant increase in EPDS scores compared with scores at hospital discharge(P<0.05),whereas the observation group showed only a marginal,nonsignificant increase in EPDS scores(P>0.05).The EPDS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),indicating a lower risk of postpartum depression in the observation group.The length,head circumference,and weight of the newborns 6 weeks after birth were increased compared with those at birth,and the growth rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),indicating better growth and development in the observation group.CONCLUSION Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services improve maternal role adaptation,increase breastfeeding rates,mitigate postpartum depression risk,and promote neonatal growth and development in primiparas.
文摘Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160292, 32471681, and 32201575)Jiangxi “Double Thousand Plan”(jxsq2020101080)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20224BAB205008, 20224BAB213033, and 20242BAB2538)Jiangxi Province Science and Technology+Water Resources” Joint Plan Project (2023KSG01001 and 2022KSG01010)
文摘Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their complex interactions.However,existing studies often fail to fully consider vegetation response,constituting a gap in the comprehensive assessment of changes in ecosystem services.Therefore,a coupled model framework integrating climate change,land use change,and vegetation dynamics was developed to allow for the simulation of dynamic ecosystem service scenarios throughout the twenty-first century.The Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province was considered as the study area.The results showed that ecosystem services and their synergistic effects will be optimized under scenarios that emphasize strict protection of ecological lands and incorporating the SSP1-2.6 scenario.However,sustaining optimized ecosystem services poses significant challenges in scenarios characterized by resource-intensive development and ongoing climate warming,as in the SSP5-8.5 scenario.Notably,discernible variations exist in balancing and synergizing the management of ecosystem services across diverse land uses and forest types.Our study underscores the importance of integrating vegetation response into the framework of ecosystem service forecasting,which is essential for assisting nature reserves in effectively addressing the multifaceted risks associated with climate change and rapid socio-economic development.
文摘In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].
基金supported by the University of Bucharest through the“People and trees”CIVIS project.
文摘Cultural ecosystem services(CES)provided by urban green infrastructure are essential for enhancing social well-being and resilience.Identifying and mapping CES at a local scale is crucial for informed land-use decisions that align with citizens'perceptions.However,research on ecosystem services in Romania has been limited,with a notable gap in the assessment of CES provided by urban green spaces.This study is the first to focus on Băneasa Forest,the only urban forest in Bucharest,which serves as a vital recreational area for thousands of residents and visitors.For the first time in Romania,this research uses a web-based Participatory GIS survey to collect spatially referenced data.The survey,which combines questionnaires and mapping exercises,allows us to produce high-resolution CES maps based on 816 responses.The results reveal that the forest's natural characteristics are perceived as the primary contributors to CES.These findings are valuable for urban planners,as they highlight the needs and expectations of forest visitors,promote conservation efforts,and foster collaboration to prevent conflicts.Alongside factors frequently discussed in the literature,such as age and accessibility,the percentage of green space in residents'neighborhoods emerges as a significant factor influencing CES preferences.This insight presents a novel contribution to the literature,being of particular importance for urban planners and policymakers,as it underscores the need to consider not just the green space within parks and forests,but also the broader context of surrounding neighborhoods when planning for CES.Understanding that the availability of nearby green space influences residents'CES preferences can guide more effective strategies to enhance access to CES in urban areas,both in Bucharest and elsewhere.This is especially relevant in the face of climate change and other emerging challenges,which are likely to increase the demand for CES in the future.
基金funded by the Joint CAS-MPG Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)this research was also supported partly by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230708)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022TSYCLJ0056).
文摘Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21302131).
文摘The aim of this study is to investigate how clinical pharmacists can optimize drug use for pediatric patients with respiratory diseases.We extracted etiological,symptomatic,and medication-related information from patient medical records.The rationality of each patient’s medication regimen was evaluated using relevant tools,including DXY,Medication Assistant Software(mobile version),MCDEX Software(mobile version),and literature from databases such as VIP and CNKI.By considering the patients’age,prescribed medication regimens,and disease characteristics,we identified key aspects and precautions for pharmaceutical care.Pharmacists provided tailored pharmaceutical care and medication education based on each patient’s specific age,treatment plan,and illness profile.Through active involvement in personalized medication management,pharmacists can offer individualized drug services,enhancing both the safety and effectiveness of treatments for pediatric patients.
基金funded by the Major Program of the National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(Grant No.:21&ZD163).
文摘Volunteer engagement in emergency management,focusing on mitigating adverse consequences,has attracted scholarly and practitioner attention.Digital volunteering helps overcome the limitations of traditional on-site volunteering through extensive volunteering opportunities in emergency management.This study utilizes a case text analysis and interviews to investigate and categorize digital volunteer services in emergency scenarios.Based on two key dimensions—direct recipients of volunteer services and the nature of the services rendered—the study presents four types of digital volunteer services:bridging,supportive,complementary,and collaborative.Moreover,it delineates eight role archetypes digital volunteers assume in emergency response situations along with their primary service contributions.Compared to conventional on-site volunteer services,digital volunteer services offer unique advantages while facing specific challenges.Finally,this study offers recommendations in four dimensions for the robust development of digital volunteer services,contributing to more effective and sustainable emergency management practices.
