Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to p...Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to participate in a medical training programme at Hainan Western Central Hospital.By the time the programme concluded,he had made up his mind to stay and broaden his professional experience and long-term career prospects in Hainan.展开更多
Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for so...Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for social networks due to significant limitations.Specifically,most approaches depend mainly on user-user structural links while overlooking service-centric,semantic,and multi-attribute drivers of community formation,and they also lack flexible filtering mechanisms for large-scale,service-oriented settings.Our proposed approach,called community discovery-based service(CDBS),leverages user profiles and their interactions with consulted web services.The method introduces a novel similarity measure,global similarity interaction profile(GSIP),which goes beyond typical similarity measures by unifying user and service profiles for all attributes types into a coherent representation,thereby clarifying its novelty and contribution.It applies multiple filtering criteria related to user attributes,accessed services,and interaction patterns.Experimental comparisons against Louvain,Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering,Label Propagation and Infomap show that CDBS reveals the higher performance as it achieves 0.74 modularity,0.13 conductance,0.77 coverage,and significantly fast response time of 9.8 s,even with 10,000 users and 400 services.Moreover,community discoverybased service consistently detects a larger number of communities with distinct topics of interest,underscoring its capacity to generate detailed and efficient structures in complex networks.These results confirm both the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.Beyond controlled evaluation,communities discovery based service is applicable to targeted recommendations,group-oriented marketing,access control,and service personalization,where communities are shaped not only by user links but also by service engagement.展开更多
The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterize...The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.展开更多
Objective:To systematically summarize and evaluate the evidence on discharge preparation services for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,providing an evidence-based foundation for developing scientific and st...Objective:To systematically summarize and evaluate the evidence on discharge preparation services for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,providing an evidence-based foundation for developing scientific and standardized discharge preparation intervention programs in clinical practice.Methods:Following the“5S”evidence model,literature such as guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries and randomized controlled trials related to discharge preparation services for total knee arthroplasty patients were retrieved from relevant websites and databases,both domestic and international,from database inception to August 31,2025.Two researchers independently screened the literature,conducted quality appraisals,and extracted and synthesized the evidence.Results:A total of 15 articles were included,comprising 3 guidelines,4 expert consensuses,3 evidence summaries,3 systematic reviews and 2 randomized controlled trials.Ultimately,23 pieces of evidence were summarized across five aspects.Conclusion:This study synthesizes the evidence on discharge preparation services for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.It is recommended that healthcare professionals apply this evidence in clinical practice,considering specific circumstances and patient needs.展开更多
Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting s...Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting software,and the physical system may not be able to be protected.In this paper,a nonintrusive virtual machine(VM)-based runtime protection framework is provided to protect the physical system with the isolated IoT services as a controlling means.Compared with existing solutions,the framework gets inconsistent and untrusted observation knowledge from multiple observation sources,and enforces property policies concurrently and incrementally in a competing-game way to avoid compositional problems.In addition,the monitoring is implemented without any modification to the protected system.Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed techniques.展开更多
Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spati...Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.展开更多
Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness...Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.展开更多
Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)serves as a crucial ecological barrier in China and Asia,exerting profound influences on global climate and biodiversity conservation.Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter ref...The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)serves as a crucial ecological barrier in China and Asia,exerting profound influences on global climate and biodiversity conservation.Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred as Gannan Prefecture),located on the northeastern edge of the QXP,represents a fragile alpine ecosystem in which land use change significantly impacts ecosystem services(ESs).This study established a comprehensive framework,utilizing the Patch-generating Land-Use Simulation(PLUS)model coupled with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to predict land use patterns under the natural development scenario,cultivated land protection scenario,and ecological protection scenario for Gannan Prefecture by 2030 and evaluated four critical ESs:habitat quality(HQ),water yield(WY),soil retention(SR),and carbon storage(CS).The primary aim is to elucidate the impacts of dynamic land use change on ESs.The results revealed that,from 2000 to 2020,HQ exhibited minimal variation,whereas CS experienced a slight decline.Conversely,WY and SR showed significant improvements.Under the natural development scenario,construction land was projected to increase by 4247.74 hm^(2),primarily at the expense of forest land.The cultivated land protection scenario anticipated an increase in farmland by 2634.36 hm^(2),which was crucial for maintaining food security.The ecological protection scenario predicted a notable expansion of forest land,accompanied by a restrained development rate of construction land.The ecological protection scenario also showed an increase in the ecosystem service index(ESI),encompassing 26.07%of the region.Forest land and grassland emerged as the primary contributors to ESs,while construction land substantially impacted WY.Water bodies exhibited minimal contribution to ESs.This study enhanced the understanding of land use change impacts on ESs in fragile and high-altitude ecosystems,offering essential theoretical frameworks and practical direction for forthcoming ecological policy and regional planning endeavors.展开更多
Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re str...Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re stricts the recognition of ESs’roles in attaining SDGs and landscape planning.We selected 183 counties in the Sichuan Province as the study area and mapped 10 SDGs and 7 ESs from 2000 to 2020.We used correlation analysis,principal component analysis,Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model,and self organizing maps to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impacts of the bundle of ESs on the SDGs and to develop spatial planning and management strategies.The results showed that(1)SDGs were improved in all counties,with SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 3(Good Health and Well-being)exhibiting poor performance.West ern Sichuan demonstrated stronger performance in environment-related SDGs in the Sichuan Province,while the Sichuan Basin showed better progress in socio-economic-related SDGs;(2)habitat quality,carbon sequestration,air pollution removal,and soil retention significantly influenced the development of 9 SDGs;(3)supporting,regulating,and provisioning service bundles have persistent and stable spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects on SDG1,SDG8,SDG11,SDG13,and SDG15.These findings substantiate the need for integrated management of multiple ESs and facilitate the regional achievement of SDGs in geographically intricate areas.展开更多
In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the ...In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.展开更多
As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is a...As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is available for every individual,regardless of their social or insurance status,via a toll-free telephone number.Understanding the risk factors for busy days in EMSs might be helpful for improving the allocation of resources,which is the key to better care for all patients in the prehospital setting.[1]An important factor influencing ambulance call volume could be the interplay of public behavior and weather.展开更多
The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in gree...The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in green spaces,damaging ecosystem services,and exacerbating urban heat island effect,soil erosion,and flood risk.Therefore,this study identified key ecosystem service indicators,including Urban Heat Mitigation(UHM),Sediment Retention(SR),and Flood Risk Mitigation(FRM),and defined the spatial pattern of ecosystem services and its management zones in the JMA in 2024.Spatial data and ecosystem service indicators were analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and spatial clustering analysis tool(e.g.,Rustiadi’s Quantitative Zoning Method(RQZM)Ⅱ),and the results served as the basis for formulating strategic recommendations.This study highlighted significant regional disparities.Jakarta,Tangerang Regency,Bekasi Regency,Depok City,Tangerang City,South Tangerang City,and Bekasi City experienced the increase of urban heat effect and flood risk due to dense infrastructure and limited green spaces.Conversely,southern peri-urban areas of Bogor Regency demonstrated higher ecological capacities,particularly in water infiltration and temperature regulation,but remained vulnerable to soil erosion due to urban expansion.The results underscored the critical imbalance between growing urban demands and the diminishing capacity of peri-urban areas to supply ecosystem services,which is driven by the transformation of green spaces into built-up areas.To address these challenges,this study proposed the Nature-Based Solutions(NBS)by emphasizing forested area conservation in the southern region of the JMA,natural landscape restoration and rehabilitation in the central region,and a hybrid of natural and artificial ecosystem creation in the northern region.展开更多
Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addres...Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addresses the emerging online exhibition models.It provides guidelines for the whole exhibition process,and clarifies the requirements for service providers’capabilities,to promote the healthy development of this evolving industry.展开更多
Ecosystem degradation and the loss of ecosystem services stem from multiple causes,requiring coordinated and diverse policies,legislation,and institutional responses to effectively address them.An understanding of the...Ecosystem degradation and the loss of ecosystem services stem from multiple causes,requiring coordinated and diverse policies,legislation,and institutional responses to effectively address them.An understanding of the policies,legislation,and institutions governing ecosystem services can enhance the sustained management and provision of ecosystem services.Therefore,this work appraises the policies,legislation and institutional provisions made by the government of Nepal.In addition,this study analyzes policy implications and identifies gaps and barriers that hinder future improvements in the management of ecosystem services.Altogether,63 documents comprising 45 policies and 18 legislations promulgated by the government of Nepal have been assessed for content analysis.Twenty Key Informant Interviews(KIIs)have also been conducted to obtain expert insights about the gaps in policy formulation and implementation.The results indicate that though several sectoral policies and legislations have made provision on management of ecosystem and its services implicitly or explicitly,still there is lacking of overarching framework to deal with ecosystem services.Overlapping roles and responsibilities outlined in the constitution,policies,and legislation,coupled with weak enforcement and lack of multisectoral coordination mechanism,are significant obstacles to effective policy implementation.Therefore,there is a need to develop an overarching national framework backed up by legislation with a strong multisectoral coordination mechanism that will adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the sustained management and provision of the ecosystem and its services.展开更多
Existing Internet of Things(IoT)systems that rely on Amazon Web Services(AWS)often encounter inefficiencies in data retrieval and high operational costs,especially when using DynamoDB for large-scale sensor data.These...Existing Internet of Things(IoT)systems that rely on Amazon Web Services(AWS)often encounter inefficiencies in data retrieval and high operational costs,especially when using DynamoDB for large-scale sensor data.These limitations hinder the scalability and responsiveness of applications such as remote energy monitoring systems.This research focuses on designing and developing an Arduino-based IoT system aimed at optimizing data transmission costs by concentrating on these services.The proposed method employs AWS Lambda functions with Amazon Relational Database Service(RDS)to facilitate the transmission of data collected from temperature and humidity sensors to the RDS database.In contrast,the conventional method utilizes AmazonDynamoDB for storing the same sensor data.Data were collected from 01 April 2022,to 26 August 2022,in Tokyo,Japan,focusing on temperature and relative humiditywitha resolutionof oneminute.The efficiency of the twomethods—conventional andproposed—was assessed in terms of both time and cost metrics,with a particular focus on data retrieval.The conventional method exhibited linear time complexity,leading to longer data retrieval times as the dataset grew,mainly due to DynamoDB’s pagination requirements and the parsing of payload data during the reading process.In contrast,the proposed method significantly reduced retrieval times for larger datasets by parsing payload data before writing it to the RDS database.Cost analysis revealed a savings of$1.56 per month with the adoption of the proposed approach for a 20-gigabyte database.展开更多
Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literatu...Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES map...Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.展开更多
In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has app...In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.展开更多
HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discriminatio...HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation in healthcare settings significantly reduces ART adherence[1].This highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies to address stigma,discrimination,and social marginalization,especially within healthcare facilities,to improve HIV care outcomes.展开更多
文摘Saud Khan,a Pakistani physician,collected his work and residence permits at the Yangpu Government Service Centre in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,on 18 December 2025.Khan had arrived in Hainan three months earlier to participate in a medical training programme at Hainan Western Central Hospital.By the time the programme concluded,he had made up his mind to stay and broaden his professional experience and long-term career prospects in Hainan.
文摘Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for social networks due to significant limitations.Specifically,most approaches depend mainly on user-user structural links while overlooking service-centric,semantic,and multi-attribute drivers of community formation,and they also lack flexible filtering mechanisms for large-scale,service-oriented settings.Our proposed approach,called community discovery-based service(CDBS),leverages user profiles and their interactions with consulted web services.The method introduces a novel similarity measure,global similarity interaction profile(GSIP),which goes beyond typical similarity measures by unifying user and service profiles for all attributes types into a coherent representation,thereby clarifying its novelty and contribution.It applies multiple filtering criteria related to user attributes,accessed services,and interaction patterns.Experimental comparisons against Louvain,Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering,Label Propagation and Infomap show that CDBS reveals the higher performance as it achieves 0.74 modularity,0.13 conductance,0.77 coverage,and significantly fast response time of 9.8 s,even with 10,000 users and 400 services.Moreover,community discoverybased service consistently detects a larger number of communities with distinct topics of interest,underscoring its capacity to generate detailed and efficient structures in complex networks.These results confirm both the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.Beyond controlled evaluation,communities discovery based service is applicable to targeted recommendations,group-oriented marketing,access control,and service personalization,where communities are shaped not only by user links but also by service engagement.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377326 and 42201267)National Research-Development Support Plan Projects of China(Grant No.2017YFC05054)the Fujian Provincial Water Resources Department Science and Technology Project(MSK202308)。
文摘The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.
文摘Objective:To systematically summarize and evaluate the evidence on discharge preparation services for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,providing an evidence-based foundation for developing scientific and standardized discharge preparation intervention programs in clinical practice.Methods:Following the“5S”evidence model,literature such as guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries and randomized controlled trials related to discharge preparation services for total knee arthroplasty patients were retrieved from relevant websites and databases,both domestic and international,from database inception to August 31,2025.Two researchers independently screened the literature,conducted quality appraisals,and extracted and synthesized the evidence.Results:A total of 15 articles were included,comprising 3 guidelines,4 expert consensuses,3 evidence summaries,3 systematic reviews and 2 randomized controlled trials.Ultimately,23 pieces of evidence were summarized across five aspects.Conclusion:This study synthesizes the evidence on discharge preparation services for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.It is recommended that healthcare professionals apply this evidence in clinical practice,considering specific circumstances and patient needs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2022YFF0902701the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant U21A20468,61972043,61921003+1 种基金Zhejiang Lab under grant 2021PD0AB 02the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant 2020XD-A07-1.
文摘Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting software,and the physical system may not be able to be protected.In this paper,a nonintrusive virtual machine(VM)-based runtime protection framework is provided to protect the physical system with the isolated IoT services as a controlling means.Compared with existing solutions,the framework gets inconsistent and untrusted observation knowledge from multiple observation sources,and enforces property policies concurrently and incrementally in a competing-game way to avoid compositional problems.In addition,the monitoring is implemented without any modification to the protected system.Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed techniques.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371181)。
文摘Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3204404)。
文摘Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101276)the Major Project of Key Research Bases for Humanities and Social Sciences Funded by the Ministry of Education of China(22JJD790015)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA529).
文摘The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)serves as a crucial ecological barrier in China and Asia,exerting profound influences on global climate and biodiversity conservation.Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred as Gannan Prefecture),located on the northeastern edge of the QXP,represents a fragile alpine ecosystem in which land use change significantly impacts ecosystem services(ESs).This study established a comprehensive framework,utilizing the Patch-generating Land-Use Simulation(PLUS)model coupled with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to predict land use patterns under the natural development scenario,cultivated land protection scenario,and ecological protection scenario for Gannan Prefecture by 2030 and evaluated four critical ESs:habitat quality(HQ),water yield(WY),soil retention(SR),and carbon storage(CS).The primary aim is to elucidate the impacts of dynamic land use change on ESs.The results revealed that,from 2000 to 2020,HQ exhibited minimal variation,whereas CS experienced a slight decline.Conversely,WY and SR showed significant improvements.Under the natural development scenario,construction land was projected to increase by 4247.74 hm^(2),primarily at the expense of forest land.The cultivated land protection scenario anticipated an increase in farmland by 2634.36 hm^(2),which was crucial for maintaining food security.The ecological protection scenario predicted a notable expansion of forest land,accompanied by a restrained development rate of construction land.The ecological protection scenario also showed an increase in the ecosystem service index(ESI),encompassing 26.07%of the region.Forest land and grassland emerged as the primary contributors to ESs,while construction land substantially impacted WY.Water bodies exhibited minimal contribution to ESs.This study enhanced the understanding of land use change impacts on ESs in fragile and high-altitude ecosystems,offering essential theoretical frameworks and practical direction for forthcoming ecological policy and regional planning endeavors.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scien-tific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)of China(Grant No.2019QZKK0402).
文摘Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re stricts the recognition of ESs’roles in attaining SDGs and landscape planning.We selected 183 counties in the Sichuan Province as the study area and mapped 10 SDGs and 7 ESs from 2000 to 2020.We used correlation analysis,principal component analysis,Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model,and self organizing maps to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impacts of the bundle of ESs on the SDGs and to develop spatial planning and management strategies.The results showed that(1)SDGs were improved in all counties,with SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 3(Good Health and Well-being)exhibiting poor performance.West ern Sichuan demonstrated stronger performance in environment-related SDGs in the Sichuan Province,while the Sichuan Basin showed better progress in socio-economic-related SDGs;(2)habitat quality,carbon sequestration,air pollution removal,and soil retention significantly influenced the development of 9 SDGs;(3)supporting,regulating,and provisioning service bundles have persistent and stable spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects on SDG1,SDG8,SDG11,SDG13,and SDG15.These findings substantiate the need for integrated management of multiple ESs and facilitate the regional achievement of SDGs in geographically intricate areas.
文摘In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.
文摘As the healthcare system advances and expands in its services,the challenges of remaining efficient become more important.Emergency medical services(EMS)are vital cornerstones of communities.In many countries,EMS is available for every individual,regardless of their social or insurance status,via a toll-free telephone number.Understanding the risk factors for busy days in EMSs might be helpful for improving the allocation of resources,which is the key to better care for all patients in the prehospital setting.[1]An important factor influencing ambulance call volume could be the interplay of public behavior and weather.
基金funded by the Directorate General of Higher Education,Research,and Technology,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Indonesia,under the Research Program Implementation Contract for the year 2024 under subcontract number 027/ES/PG.02.00.PL/2024.
文摘The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in green spaces,damaging ecosystem services,and exacerbating urban heat island effect,soil erosion,and flood risk.Therefore,this study identified key ecosystem service indicators,including Urban Heat Mitigation(UHM),Sediment Retention(SR),and Flood Risk Mitigation(FRM),and defined the spatial pattern of ecosystem services and its management zones in the JMA in 2024.Spatial data and ecosystem service indicators were analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and spatial clustering analysis tool(e.g.,Rustiadi’s Quantitative Zoning Method(RQZM)Ⅱ),and the results served as the basis for formulating strategic recommendations.This study highlighted significant regional disparities.Jakarta,Tangerang Regency,Bekasi Regency,Depok City,Tangerang City,South Tangerang City,and Bekasi City experienced the increase of urban heat effect and flood risk due to dense infrastructure and limited green spaces.Conversely,southern peri-urban areas of Bogor Regency demonstrated higher ecological capacities,particularly in water infiltration and temperature regulation,but remained vulnerable to soil erosion due to urban expansion.The results underscored the critical imbalance between growing urban demands and the diminishing capacity of peri-urban areas to supply ecosystem services,which is driven by the transformation of green spaces into built-up areas.To address these challenges,this study proposed the Nature-Based Solutions(NBS)by emphasizing forested area conservation in the southern region of the JMA,natural landscape restoration and rehabilitation in the central region,and a hybrid of natural and artificial ecosystem creation in the northern region.
文摘Recently,SAMR issued four national standards in the exhibition services sector,including the newly developed GB/T 45704-2025,Guidelines for online exhibition services,and three revised standards.GB/T 45704-2025 addresses the emerging online exhibition models.It provides guidelines for the whole exhibition process,and clarifies the requirements for service providers’capabilities,to promote the healthy development of this evolving industry.
基金the support of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.42250410329)the President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Visiting Scientists of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grants No.2021VCA0005 and 2023VCC0005)。
文摘Ecosystem degradation and the loss of ecosystem services stem from multiple causes,requiring coordinated and diverse policies,legislation,and institutional responses to effectively address them.An understanding of the policies,legislation,and institutions governing ecosystem services can enhance the sustained management and provision of ecosystem services.Therefore,this work appraises the policies,legislation and institutional provisions made by the government of Nepal.In addition,this study analyzes policy implications and identifies gaps and barriers that hinder future improvements in the management of ecosystem services.Altogether,63 documents comprising 45 policies and 18 legislations promulgated by the government of Nepal have been assessed for content analysis.Twenty Key Informant Interviews(KIIs)have also been conducted to obtain expert insights about the gaps in policy formulation and implementation.The results indicate that though several sectoral policies and legislations have made provision on management of ecosystem and its services implicitly or explicitly,still there is lacking of overarching framework to deal with ecosystem services.Overlapping roles and responsibilities outlined in the constitution,policies,and legislation,coupled with weak enforcement and lack of multisectoral coordination mechanism,are significant obstacles to effective policy implementation.Therefore,there is a need to develop an overarching national framework backed up by legislation with a strong multisectoral coordination mechanism that will adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the sustained management and provision of the ecosystem and its services.
文摘Existing Internet of Things(IoT)systems that rely on Amazon Web Services(AWS)often encounter inefficiencies in data retrieval and high operational costs,especially when using DynamoDB for large-scale sensor data.These limitations hinder the scalability and responsiveness of applications such as remote energy monitoring systems.This research focuses on designing and developing an Arduino-based IoT system aimed at optimizing data transmission costs by concentrating on these services.The proposed method employs AWS Lambda functions with Amazon Relational Database Service(RDS)to facilitate the transmission of data collected from temperature and humidity sensors to the RDS database.In contrast,the conventional method utilizes AmazonDynamoDB for storing the same sensor data.Data were collected from 01 April 2022,to 26 August 2022,in Tokyo,Japan,focusing on temperature and relative humiditywitha resolutionof oneminute.The efficiency of the twomethods—conventional andproposed—was assessed in terms of both time and cost metrics,with a particular focus on data retrieval.The conventional method exhibited linear time complexity,leading to longer data retrieval times as the dataset grew,mainly due to DynamoDB’s pagination requirements and the parsing of payload data during the reading process.In contrast,the proposed method significantly reduced retrieval times for larger datasets by parsing payload data before writing it to the RDS database.Cost analysis revealed a savings of$1.56 per month with the adoption of the proposed approach for a 20-gigabyte database.
基金supported by the project MApping and Forecasting Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas(MAFESUR)funded by the Lithuanian Research Council(Contract:Nr.P-MIP-23-426).
文摘Coastal tourism holds substantial development potential.However,coastal ecosystems are affected by tourism development,which limits the supply of ecosystem services(ES).This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the impacts of tourism on coastal and marine ES using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.We initially identified 640 studies by searching titles,abstracts,and keywords.After screening,only 50 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review.The results showed a significant increase in publications between 2011 and 2023.Most studies were conducted in Europe,Asia,and North and Central America.The most used ES classifications were MEA and CICES.Most studies concentrated on the ES supply dimension(43 studies;86%).Cultural ES(47 studies;94%)were researched more than provisioning(28 studies;56%)and regulating&maintenance(29 studies;58%)sections.Regarding cultural ES,most studies were focused on“Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment”(34 studies;68%)and on provisioning ES on“Wild animals(terrestrial and aquatic)for nutrition,materials or energy”(18 studies;36%).Quantitative and mixed methods were the most used in the reviewed studies.Most studies identified pressures from“Tourism,urbanisation,and population increase”(27 studies;54%)and focused on“Integrative/common management strategies”(20 studies;40%).Only a few of the studies’results have been validated by external data(10 studies;20%).This study provides an overview of the most assessed marine and coastal ES,where studies are needed with more comprehensive geographic coverage.
基金supported by the project Monetary valuation of soil ecosystem services and creation of initiatives to invest in soil health:setting a framework for the inclusion of soil health in business and in the policy making process(InBestSoil)(Horizon Europe)Grant agreement ID:101091099。
文摘Ecosystem services(ES)mapping and models have advanced in recent years.Improvements were made,and the assessments have transitioned from qualitative to quantitative.Although this is an important advancement,the ES mapping and modelling validation step has been overlooked,and this raises an important question in the credibility of the outcomes.This has been an important and unsolved issue in the ES research community that needs to be tackled.This highlight paper discusses the importance of validating single ES mapping and models.Conducting this using field or proximal/remote sensing raw data and not data from other models or stakeholder evaluation is important.A validation step should be mandatory in ES frameworks since it can assess the models’veracity,contribute to identifying the model’s weaknesses/strengths and ultimately represent a scientific advance in the field.This is easier to apply to the biophysical mapping and models of regulating and provisioning ES than to cultural ES,as the latter rely more on perception and cultural contexts.Also,ES supply models are easier to validate than demand and flow models.Robust and well-grounded models are essential for ensuring the reliability of individual ES maps and models and should be integrated into decision-making processes.Although several challenges arise related to the costs of data collection,in several cases prohibitive,and the time and the expertise needed to conduct this sampling and analysis,this is likely an imperative step that needs to be considered in the future.This will be beneficial in establishing ES research and improving decision-making and wellbeing.
文摘In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.
文摘HIV-related stigma,discrimination,and other forms of oppression can severely undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART)among people living with HIV[1].For example,Kerr et al.reveal that perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation in healthcare settings significantly reduces ART adherence[1].This highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies to address stigma,discrimination,and social marginalization,especially within healthcare facilities,to improve HIV care outcomes.
