Three-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks with precisely tunable pore sizes are highly demanded for a wide range of applications,e.g.,encapsulating enzymes to enhance their stability,activity,and reusability...Three-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks with precisely tunable pore sizes are highly demanded for a wide range of applications,e.g.,encapsulating enzymes to enhance their stability,activity,and reusability.However,precise control and tune the pore size of such frameworks still remains a significant challenge to date.In this study,we constructed supramolecular polymer frameworks using rigid tetrahedral star polyisocyanides with tunable length and sufficiently narrow distribution as building block.First,a series of tetrahedral four-arm star polyisocyanides with controlled chain lengths and narrow molecular weight distributions was prepared via the Pd(Ⅱ)-catalyzed living isocyanide polymerization.Then 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone(Upy) unit was installed onto each chain-end of polyisocyanide arms via post-polymerization functionalization.Leveraging the supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal Upy units,well-ordered supramolecular polymer frameworks were readily obtained.Notably,the pore size was dependent on the chain length of the polyisocyanide arms.Precisely control the chain length of polyisocyanide arms,supramolecular polymer frameworks with pore sizes ranging from 5.06 nm to 9.72 nm were achieved.These frameworks,with tunable and large pore apertures,demonstrated exceptional capabilities in encapsulating enzymes of different sizes,such as lipase(TL),horseradish peroxidase(HRP),and glucose oxidase(GOx).The encapsulated enzymes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity and durability.Moreover,the frameworks' tunable and large pore apertures facilitated the co-encapsulation of multiple enzymes,enabling efficient dual-enzyme cascade reactions.展开更多
Mini light-emitting diodes(Mini-LEDs)show great application potential in high-end displays owing to their superior pixel density,brightness,responsiveness,and efficiency.However,current packaging materials for Mini-LE...Mini light-emitting diodes(Mini-LEDs)show great application potential in high-end displays owing to their superior pixel density,brightness,responsiveness,and efficiency.However,current packaging materials for Mini-LEDs are predominantly thermally cured,which is energy-and time-consuming and can adversely affect electronic components.In this study,a novel UV-curable silicone resin containing phenyl,disulfide,and acryloyl groups(SPASR)is developed from commercially available siloxanes.The resin exhibits a refractive index(n_(d))higher than 1.5,and it can be cured within 30 s under UV irradiation.After curing,it exhibits an optical transparency exceeding 92%,a lap adhesion strength of up to1.84 MPa,and good thermostability(T_(5%)>265℃).Notably,the volume shrinkage is less than 4.83%,attributed to the release of photopolymerization stress via UV-induced disulfide metathesis during UV curing.Mini-LEDs encapsulated with this resin show luminescence properties comparable to those of conventional thermally-cured sealants,and show excellent sealability wihtout visible penetration after being immersed in red ink for 12 h.Consequently,these excellent properties make the SPASR resin an ideal candidate for microelectronic encapsulation,offering a more reliable and efficient solution for the electronics industry.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nat...Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nature poses a fundamental challenge in simultaneously achieving high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental robustness.Here,we introduce a multilevel encapsulation strategy by sequentially coating CsPbBr_(3)quantum dots(QDs)with Cs_(4)PbBr_(6),SiO_(2),and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),thereby synergistically enhancing both optical performance and stability.Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)effectively passivates surface defects of CsPbBr_(3)QDs,while the SiO_(2)and PDMS layers serve as protective barriers against moisture,heat,and radiation.The resulting CsPbBr_(3)@Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)/SiO_(2)/PDMS flexible films exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85%,outstanding mechanical flexibility,and remarkable durability under stretching,bending,and compressing.Moreover,the films retain excellent emission stability under elevated temperatures,prolonged X-ray irradiation,and extended water immersion.X-ray imaging evaluations further demonstrate a spatial resolution of 12 lp/mm,enabling distortion-free imaging of curved objects,while their superior water resistance allows for long-term underwater X-ray imaging.This work highlights the critical role of hierarchical encapsulation in balancing luminescence efficiency and environmental stability,offering a viable pathway toward practical high-performance flexible perovskite scintillators.展开更多
Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the ne...Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells.However,critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs:a)the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices,b)lead leakage,and c)methods to scale the cells for larger area applications.This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges,including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs,new technologies for preventing lead leakage,and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability,efficiency,and performance of perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Through these strategies,the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests.The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99%,and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6%and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.7%.The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commer-cialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.展开更多
High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluct...High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.展开更多
Many azo compounds and their intermediates are toxic and have been linked to various health issues,representing a growing global problem.Molecular engineering for selective encapsulation of azobenzene compounds is cri...Many azo compounds and their intermediates are toxic and have been linked to various health issues,representing a growing global problem.Molecular engineering for selective encapsulation of azobenzene compounds is critical,given their significant use in smart materials and prevalence as environmental micropollutants released from the food and dye industries.However,the current host molecules catering to azobenzene compounds are mainly limited to cyclodextrins,pillar[n]arenes and cucurbit[n]urils,demonstrating a moderate affinity.This report describes that a novel 3,3'-bipyridinium-based cyclophane was capable of encapsulating anionic azobenzene compounds in water with high binding affinity and pH stability through electrostatic attraction-enhanced mechanism,surpassing the extensively reported supramolecular systems.1D&2D NMR experiments,UV-vis spectrum,X-ray crystallography and computational modeling were carried out to understand the host-vip complexation.It's worth noting that the tetracationic cyclophane exhibited good selective and anti-interference encapsulation properties in binary,ternary and seawater systems.Furthermore,upon UV/white light irradiation,the reversible conversion between(E)-4,4'-azobisbenzoate and(Z)-4,4'-azobisbenzoate triggers the dissociation/recomplexation of the host-vip complex within 3 min.This reversible photo-switchable(E)-disodium 4,4'-azobisbenzoateBPy-Box^(4+)supramolecular system holds promise for designing novel materials for extraction/release of azo compounds and other small smart materials.展开更多
Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the...Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.展开更多
Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation a...Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.展开更多
Encapsulation and protection of hesperidin(HES)in mung bean protein isolate(MPI)-dextran(DX)conjugatestabilized nanoemulsions(MDC NEs)were investigated in this study.The degree of grafting of MDC prepared by a dry-hea...Encapsulation and protection of hesperidin(HES)in mung bean protein isolate(MPI)-dextran(DX)conjugatestabilized nanoemulsions(MDC NEs)were investigated in this study.The degree of grafting of MDC prepared by a dry-heating method reached 39.70%±0.01% under the optimal conditions of MPI/DX mass ratio 1:2.3,reaction temperature 58.8℃,and reaction time 4 d.Moreover,the analyses of Fourier infrared spectroscopy,intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy,surface hydrophobicity,and thermal stability further confirmed the covalent grafting of dextran onto MPI molecules.When encapsulated in MDC NEs at 80 MPa for three times by highpressure homogenization,the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of HES were 63.62%±0.01%and 0.40±0.00 g/g,respectively.The encapsulated HES exhibited higher antioxidant activity and stronger light and storage stability than the free HES.Additionally,the incorporation of HES inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides in the nanoemulsions.The findings suggest that glycosylation combined with high-pressure homogenization is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of MPI-based emulsions and improving their encapsulation of HES.This study provides a promising approach for the development of innovative food and beverage products based on MPI emulsions or new materials for encapsulating fat-soluble bioactive compounds.展开更多
Cryopreservation is a fundamental technology in biomedical research,regenerative medicine,and tissue engineering,enabling the long-term storage of cells,tissues,and organs.However,its effectiveness is limited by chall...Cryopreservation is a fundamental technology in biomedical research,regenerative medicine,and tissue engineering,enabling the long-term storage of cells,tissues,and organs.However,its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as intracellular ice formation,cryoprotectant toxicity,and reduced post-thaw viability.This review explores the crucial role of encapsulation in enhancing cryopreservation efficiency,with a focus on recent advances in materials science,bioengineering,and cryobiology.Emerging technologies,such as nanotechnology and stimuli-responsive polymers,are transforming encapsulation strategies.Innovations such as microfluidic systems offer precise control over cooling rates and cryoprotectant distribution,thereby mitigating conventional limitations.The review also addresses current obstacles related to scaling up encapsulation processes and ensuring the long-term biocompatibility and stability of preserved specimens.By synthesizing recent findings,this work provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to enhance biopreservation techniques and their applications in contemporary medicine and biotechnology.Finally,the review identifies critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to improve the efficacy of cryopreservation strategies and advance their clinical translation.展开更多
Hydrogen-bonded framework(HOF) offers an attractive platform to encapsulate enzymes and stabilize their conformation,due to the advantages of mild synthesis conditions,tailorable pore structure,and backbone biocompati...Hydrogen-bonded framework(HOF) offers an attractive platform to encapsulate enzymes and stabilize their conformation,due to the advantages of mild synthesis conditions,tailorable pore structure,and backbone biocompatibility.However,the efficiency of this HOF approach relies on the interfacial interactions between enzyme vip and the ligand precursors,limiting its adaptability to enzymes with varying surface chemistry property.In this study,we report a site-specific surface modification strategy to positively tailor the enzyme surface charge,facilitating the biomimetic encapsulation of enzymes within HOF in situ.Both experimental results and computational simulation reveal that site-specific amination of enzyme surface's acidic residues contributes to the interfacial accumulation of carboxylic ligand precursors in aqueous solutions via synergistic electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.This substantially facilitates the in situ growth of porous HOF surrounding the aminated enzyme biotemplates,with up to 100% enzyme loading efficiency.The resultant hydrogen-bonded biohybrid framework(HBF) retains high biocatalytic functions while exhibiting exceptional stability under harsh conditions.By leveraging the marked catalytic activity of GOx-NH_(2)@HBF-1 and a H_(2)O_(2)-sensitive QD,a highly sensitive glucose fluorescence sensor is fabricated with a wide linear range(5-2000 μmol/L) and a low quantification limit of 5 μmol/L.This work presents a simple yet effective enzyme surface engineering approach for integrating enzyme into HOF,opening new avenues for the construction of multifunctional HOF biocomposites.展开更多
Despite the ongoing increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),residual lead iodide(PbI2and moisture sensitivity issues continue to constrain their further commercialization.Herein,we propose a thermal...Despite the ongoing increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),residual lead iodide(PbI2and moisture sensitivity issues continue to constrain their further commercialization.Herein,we propose a thermally mediated in situ repair and encapsulation strategy to construct high-performance PSCs by incorporating piperazine thioctic acid salt(TAPPZ)as a dopant into the perovskite precursor Thermally dissociated piperazine(PPZ)from TAPPZ integrates microcrystals to form larger grain(>2000 nm),while the carboxylic acid in thioctic acid(TA)and the amine salt in TAPPZ synergistically passivate and transform PbI_(2),significantly reducing its residual amount.Additionally,TAPPZ undergoe thermal self-crosslinking during perovskite annealing,enabling melt-polymerization to form in situ encapsulation for enhanced water resistance.The TAPPZ-incorporated device achieves a remarkable efficiency of 25.65% and exhibits excellent operational stability,retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h under ambient conditions(20-30℃,20%-30% relative humidity).This study provide new insights into the construction of high-performance perovskite solar cells by designing and synthe sizing multifunctional single molecules for in situ repair and encapsulation of perovskites.展开更多
In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into wid...In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into widely consumed beverages like carbonated soft drinks poses a notable challenge due to the detrimental impact of acidic pH.Herein,results demonstrate that chitosan-coated alginate/gellan gum microcapsules can enhance the viability of probiotics within carbonated soft drinks.The probiotics,Lactobacillus casei,are encapsulated in microcapsules and exposed to Pepsi,Fanta Strawberry,Sprite,and A&W Root Beer under 4 and 25℃for 60 days and simulated gastrointestinal tract.Microcapsules greatly improve the viability of adding probiotics in different beverages under simulated gastrointestinal tract.The probiotics had a gradual release from microcapsules,reaching maximum release within initial 2 h of simulated intestinal phase.During 4℃storage compared to storage at 25℃,it was found that the number of surviving cells is more than the recommended minimum(10^(6)CFU/g)at the end of the storage.The pH and soluble solids content of beverages containing microcapsules also signify little change.This work shows that the chitosan-coated alginate/gellan microcapsules have the potential to be used as protective microcapsules for probiotics in carbonated soft drinks.展开更多
The Ru-based catalysts with different preparation methods or supports were achieved and applied in efficientlycatalytic elimination of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE).It wasfirstly found that the redox ability and chlorine...The Ru-based catalysts with different preparation methods or supports were achieved and applied in efficientlycatalytic elimination of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE).It wasfirstly found that the redox ability and chlorine re-sistance of the catalyst could be improved by regulating the interaction between Ru and supports.Compared withother supports and conventionally impregnated methods,the Ru@ZSM-5 catalyst synthesized by the in-situ en-capsulation strategy exhibited an excellent low-temperature catalytic performance(T50=262°C,T90=327℃),superior stability in long-term test as well as ideal target products.The acidity,specific surface area,and in-teraction with precious metals of the supports have significant influences on the catalytic activity,and the Ruclusters inside the pore structures are more closely bound to the framework Al species,which promotes theoxidation behavior.The encapsulation strategy also significantly improves the Ru dispersion thereby facilitatesoxygen activation as well as Cl-containing volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)deep oxidation,and preserveslarge amounts of Brønsted acid sites to optimize the hydrolysis mechanism for purification of CVOCs.Subse-quently,the synergistic effect between metal redox and acidity is greatly optimized,thus extremely promotingthe catalytic efficiency of 1,2-DCE oxidation.展开更多
Insulin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (INS-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by a double emulsion method (w/o/w), using ethyl acetate as organic solvent and poloxamer188 as emulsifier. Experimental parameter...Insulin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (INS-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by a double emulsion method (w/o/w), using ethyl acetate as organic solvent and poloxamer188 as emulsifier. Experimental parameters such as the emulsifier and PLGA concentrations, the pH and concentration of the insulin solution, the solvent evaporation method and PVA in the internal phase were investigated for the encapsulation efficiency. The results indicated that higher emulsifier concentration, relatively less amount of PLGA and lower insulin concentration would increase the entrapment of insulin. Furthermore, pH of insulin solution approaching to pI (5.3), adding some PVA to the internal phase and a shorter evaporation time helped to enhance the incorporation efficiency of insulin. Optimized preparation parameters led to nanoparticles with well-defined characteristics such as an average size around 149.6 nm, a polydispersity lower than 0.1 and high encapsulation efficiency up to 42.8%.展开更多
Congenital peritoneal encapsulation(CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE...Congenital peritoneal encapsulation(CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE develops,however it is currently understood to be a result of an aberrant adhesion in the peritoneal lining of the physiological hernia in foetal mid-gut development. The condition was first described in 1868, and subsequently there have been only 45 case reports of the phenomenon. No formal, systematised review of CPE has yet been performed, meaning the condition remains poorly understood,underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Diagnosis of CPE remains clinical with important adjuncts provided by imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy. Two thirds of patients present with abdominal pain, likely secondary to sub-acute bowel obstruction. A fixed, asymmetrical distension of the abdomen and differential consistency on abdominal palpation are more specific clinical features present in approximately 10% of cases. CPE is virtually undetectable on plain imaging, and is only detected on 40% of patients with computed tomography scan. Most patients will undergo diagnostic laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis.Management of CPE includes both medical management of the critically-unstable patient and surgical laparotomy, partial peritonectomy and adhesiolysis.Prognosis following prompt surgical treatment is excellent, with a majority of patients being symptom free at follow up. This review summarises the current literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We also introduce a novel classification system for encapsulating bowel diseases, which may distinguish CPE from the commoner, more morbid conditions of abdominal cocoon and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.展开更多
To improve efficiency,reduce cost,ensure quality effectively,researchers on CNC machining have focused on virtual machine tool,cloud manufacturing,wireless manufacturing.However,low level of information shared among d...To improve efficiency,reduce cost,ensure quality effectively,researchers on CNC machining have focused on virtual machine tool,cloud manufacturing,wireless manufacturing.However,low level of information shared among different systems is a common disadvantage.In this paper,a machining database with data evaluation module is set up to ensure integrity and update.An online monitoring system based on internet of things and multi-sensors"feel"a variety of signal features to"percept"the state in CNC machining process.A high efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system"execute"service-oriented manufacturing,intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing.The intelligent CNC machining system is applied in production.CNC machining database effectively shares and manages process data among different systems.The prediction accuracy of online monitoring system is up to 98.8%by acquiring acceleration and noise in real time.High efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system optimizes the original processing parameters,and the calculation indicates that optimized processing parameters not only improve production efficiency,but also reduce carbon emissions.The application proves that the shared and service-oriented CNC machining system is reliable and effective.This research presents a shared and service-oriented CNC machining system for intelligent manufacturing process.展开更多
To alleviate the influence of gas compressibility on the process performance of time-pressure dispensing for electronics encapsulation,a predictive model is developed based on power-law fluid to estimate the encapsula...To alleviate the influence of gas compressibility on the process performance of time-pressure dispensing for electronics encapsulation,a predictive model is developed based on power-law fluid to estimate the encapsulant amount dispensed.Based on the simple and effective model,a run by run (RbR) supervisory control scheme is delivered to compensate the variation resulting from gas volume change in the syringe.Both simulation and experiment have shown that the dispensing consistency has been greatly improved with the model-based RbR control strategy developed in this paper.展开更多
Tea polyphenols(TPPs)have attracted significant research interest due to their health benefits.However,TPPs are sensitive to certain environmental and gastrointestinal conditions and their oral bioavailability was fou...Tea polyphenols(TPPs)have attracted significant research interest due to their health benefits.However,TPPs are sensitive to certain environmental and gastrointestinal conditions and their oral bioavailability was found to be very low.Delivery systems made of food-grade materials have been reported to improve the shelf-life,bioavailability and bioefficacy of TPPs.This review discusses the chemistry of TPPs;the setbacks of TPPs for application;and the strategies to counteract application limitations by rationally designing delivery systems.An overview of different formulations used to encapsulate TPPs is provided in this study,such as emulsion-based systems(liposome,nanoemulsion,double emulsion,and Pickering emulsion)and nano/microparticles-based systems(protein-based,carbohydrate-based,and bi-polymer based).In addition,the stability,bioavailability and bioactivities of encapsulated TPPs are evaluated by various in vitro and in vivo models.The current findings provide scientific insights in encapsulation approaches for the delivery of TPPs,which can be of great value to TPPs-fortified food products.Further explorations are needed for the encapsulated TPPs in terms of their applications in the real food industry as well as their biological fate and functional pathways in vivo.展开更多
Encapsulation in food industry serves several functions including masking of undesirable color/flavor/taste, preservation of unstable constituents, incor<span style="font-family:Verdana;">poration of a...Encapsulation in food industry serves several functions including masking of undesirable color/flavor/taste, preservation of unstable constituents, incor<span style="font-family:Verdana;">poration of additional functional and nutritional components and site-specific</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> release of encapsulated ingredients at a controlled time and rate. The knowledge of microencapsulation in other sectors like pharmaceutical industry is well advanced;however, more understanding is required to harvest the maximum benefits from food industry. This paper started with highlighting the gradual progress of microencapsulation process in food industry and ended up with some invaluable suggestions for future works. In the body, the paper reviews the major techniques of food encapsulation, choices of coating materials and the performance measurement methods of food encapsulation. Future trends, scopes and aspects of microencapsulation process in food manufacturing sector are also presented as the necessary recommendations for future researches. The article would help the microencapsulated food manufacturers to choose the target oriented encapsulates and suitable encapsulation technique.</span>展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.92256201,52273006,22071041,92356302,and 21971052)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No.20240101181JC) are gratefully appreciated for financial the supportssupported by the User Experiment Assist System of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)。
文摘Three-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks with precisely tunable pore sizes are highly demanded for a wide range of applications,e.g.,encapsulating enzymes to enhance their stability,activity,and reusability.However,precise control and tune the pore size of such frameworks still remains a significant challenge to date.In this study,we constructed supramolecular polymer frameworks using rigid tetrahedral star polyisocyanides with tunable length and sufficiently narrow distribution as building block.First,a series of tetrahedral four-arm star polyisocyanides with controlled chain lengths and narrow molecular weight distributions was prepared via the Pd(Ⅱ)-catalyzed living isocyanide polymerization.Then 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone(Upy) unit was installed onto each chain-end of polyisocyanide arms via post-polymerization functionalization.Leveraging the supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal Upy units,well-ordered supramolecular polymer frameworks were readily obtained.Notably,the pore size was dependent on the chain length of the polyisocyanide arms.Precisely control the chain length of polyisocyanide arms,supramolecular polymer frameworks with pore sizes ranging from 5.06 nm to 9.72 nm were achieved.These frameworks,with tunable and large pore apertures,demonstrated exceptional capabilities in encapsulating enzymes of different sizes,such as lipase(TL),horseradish peroxidase(HRP),and glucose oxidase(GOx).The encapsulated enzymes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity and durability.Moreover,the frameworks' tunable and large pore apertures facilitated the co-encapsulation of multiple enzymes,enabling efficient dual-enzyme cascade reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273104)。
文摘Mini light-emitting diodes(Mini-LEDs)show great application potential in high-end displays owing to their superior pixel density,brightness,responsiveness,and efficiency.However,current packaging materials for Mini-LEDs are predominantly thermally cured,which is energy-and time-consuming and can adversely affect electronic components.In this study,a novel UV-curable silicone resin containing phenyl,disulfide,and acryloyl groups(SPASR)is developed from commercially available siloxanes.The resin exhibits a refractive index(n_(d))higher than 1.5,and it can be cured within 30 s under UV irradiation.After curing,it exhibits an optical transparency exceeding 92%,a lap adhesion strength of up to1.84 MPa,and good thermostability(T_(5%)>265℃).Notably,the volume shrinkage is less than 4.83%,attributed to the release of photopolymerization stress via UV-induced disulfide metathesis during UV curing.Mini-LEDs encapsulated with this resin show luminescence properties comparable to those of conventional thermally-cured sealants,and show excellent sealability wihtout visible penetration after being immersed in red ink for 12 h.Consequently,these excellent properties make the SPASR resin an ideal candidate for microelectronic encapsulation,offering a more reliable and efficient solution for the electronics industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52250060,62274135,62288102,12504473)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M773420,2024M764250)+1 种基金the Key Project of Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(20221JCGY01049)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(GZB20230975)。
文摘Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging owing to their high Xray absorption efficiency,excellent luminescence properties,and facile synthesis.However,their intrinsic ionic nature poses a fundamental challenge in simultaneously achieving high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental robustness.Here,we introduce a multilevel encapsulation strategy by sequentially coating CsPbBr_(3)quantum dots(QDs)with Cs_(4)PbBr_(6),SiO_(2),and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),thereby synergistically enhancing both optical performance and stability.Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)effectively passivates surface defects of CsPbBr_(3)QDs,while the SiO_(2)and PDMS layers serve as protective barriers against moisture,heat,and radiation.The resulting CsPbBr_(3)@Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)/SiO_(2)/PDMS flexible films exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85%,outstanding mechanical flexibility,and remarkable durability under stretching,bending,and compressing.Moreover,the films retain excellent emission stability under elevated temperatures,prolonged X-ray irradiation,and extended water immersion.X-ray imaging evaluations further demonstrate a spatial resolution of 12 lp/mm,enabling distortion-free imaging of curved objects,while their superior water resistance allows for long-term underwater X-ray imaging.This work highlights the critical role of hierarchical encapsulation in balancing luminescence efficiency and environmental stability,offering a viable pathway toward practical high-performance flexible perovskite scintillators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62404041)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20230830).
文摘Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells.However,critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs:a)the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices,b)lead leakage,and c)methods to scale the cells for larger area applications.This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges,including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs,new technologies for preventing lead leakage,and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability,efficiency,and performance of perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Through these strategies,the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests.The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99%,and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6%and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.7%.The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commer-cialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976092)。
文摘High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473225)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515110262)。
文摘Many azo compounds and their intermediates are toxic and have been linked to various health issues,representing a growing global problem.Molecular engineering for selective encapsulation of azobenzene compounds is critical,given their significant use in smart materials and prevalence as environmental micropollutants released from the food and dye industries.However,the current host molecules catering to azobenzene compounds are mainly limited to cyclodextrins,pillar[n]arenes and cucurbit[n]urils,demonstrating a moderate affinity.This report describes that a novel 3,3'-bipyridinium-based cyclophane was capable of encapsulating anionic azobenzene compounds in water with high binding affinity and pH stability through electrostatic attraction-enhanced mechanism,surpassing the extensively reported supramolecular systems.1D&2D NMR experiments,UV-vis spectrum,X-ray crystallography and computational modeling were carried out to understand the host-vip complexation.It's worth noting that the tetracationic cyclophane exhibited good selective and anti-interference encapsulation properties in binary,ternary and seawater systems.Furthermore,upon UV/white light irradiation,the reversible conversion between(E)-4,4'-azobisbenzoate and(Z)-4,4'-azobisbenzoate triggers the dissociation/recomplexation of the host-vip complex within 3 min.This reversible photo-switchable(E)-disodium 4,4'-azobisbenzoateBPy-Box^(4+)supramolecular system holds promise for designing novel materials for extraction/release of azo compounds and other small smart materials.
文摘Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.
基金This study was supported by:The Late-Stage Support Program of the National Social Science Fund of China“Supply-Side Structural Reform and the Dual Structural Transformation of China's Economy”(Grant No.22FJLB009)The National Natural Science Fund of China for Young Scholars“The Dual Structural Transformation of China’s Economy:A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test Based on the Supply-Side Structural Reform”(Grant No.71703056).
文摘Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32101981)the cooperation project between Ya’an city and Sichuan Agricultural University(23ZDF0003)。
文摘Encapsulation and protection of hesperidin(HES)in mung bean protein isolate(MPI)-dextran(DX)conjugatestabilized nanoemulsions(MDC NEs)were investigated in this study.The degree of grafting of MDC prepared by a dry-heating method reached 39.70%±0.01% under the optimal conditions of MPI/DX mass ratio 1:2.3,reaction temperature 58.8℃,and reaction time 4 d.Moreover,the analyses of Fourier infrared spectroscopy,intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy,surface hydrophobicity,and thermal stability further confirmed the covalent grafting of dextran onto MPI molecules.When encapsulated in MDC NEs at 80 MPa for three times by highpressure homogenization,the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of HES were 63.62%±0.01%and 0.40±0.00 g/g,respectively.The encapsulated HES exhibited higher antioxidant activity and stronger light and storage stability than the free HES.Additionally,the incorporation of HES inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides in the nanoemulsions.The findings suggest that glycosylation combined with high-pressure homogenization is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of MPI-based emulsions and improving their encapsulation of HES.This study provides a promising approach for the development of innovative food and beverage products based on MPI emulsions or new materials for encapsulating fat-soluble bioactive compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172114)the"Challenge and Response"project for key and common technology research of Hefei(GJ2022SH08).
文摘Cryopreservation is a fundamental technology in biomedical research,regenerative medicine,and tissue engineering,enabling the long-term storage of cells,tissues,and organs.However,its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as intracellular ice formation,cryoprotectant toxicity,and reduced post-thaw viability.This review explores the crucial role of encapsulation in enhancing cryopreservation efficiency,with a focus on recent advances in materials science,bioengineering,and cryobiology.Emerging technologies,such as nanotechnology and stimuli-responsive polymers,are transforming encapsulation strategies.Innovations such as microfluidic systems offer precise control over cooling rates and cryoprotectant distribution,thereby mitigating conventional limitations.The review also addresses current obstacles related to scaling up encapsulation processes and ensuring the long-term biocompatibility and stability of preserved specimens.By synthesizing recent findings,this work provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to enhance biopreservation techniques and their applications in contemporary medicine and biotechnology.Finally,the review identifies critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to improve the efficacy of cryopreservation strategies and advance their clinical translation.
基金financial support from projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22104159,22174164)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515011632,2024B1515020070)。
文摘Hydrogen-bonded framework(HOF) offers an attractive platform to encapsulate enzymes and stabilize their conformation,due to the advantages of mild synthesis conditions,tailorable pore structure,and backbone biocompatibility.However,the efficiency of this HOF approach relies on the interfacial interactions between enzyme vip and the ligand precursors,limiting its adaptability to enzymes with varying surface chemistry property.In this study,we report a site-specific surface modification strategy to positively tailor the enzyme surface charge,facilitating the biomimetic encapsulation of enzymes within HOF in situ.Both experimental results and computational simulation reveal that site-specific amination of enzyme surface's acidic residues contributes to the interfacial accumulation of carboxylic ligand precursors in aqueous solutions via synergistic electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.This substantially facilitates the in situ growth of porous HOF surrounding the aminated enzyme biotemplates,with up to 100% enzyme loading efficiency.The resultant hydrogen-bonded biohybrid framework(HBF) retains high biocatalytic functions while exhibiting exceptional stability under harsh conditions.By leveraging the marked catalytic activity of GOx-NH_(2)@HBF-1 and a H_(2)O_(2)-sensitive QD,a highly sensitive glucose fluorescence sensor is fabricated with a wide linear range(5-2000 μmol/L) and a low quantification limit of 5 μmol/L.This work presents a simple yet effective enzyme surface engineering approach for integrating enzyme into HOF,opening new avenues for the construction of multifunctional HOF biocomposites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22238002 and 22208047)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170086 and 2022M720639)+1 种基金the Research and Innovation Team Project of Dalian University of Technology(DUT2022TB10)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB610)。
文摘Despite the ongoing increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),residual lead iodide(PbI2and moisture sensitivity issues continue to constrain their further commercialization.Herein,we propose a thermally mediated in situ repair and encapsulation strategy to construct high-performance PSCs by incorporating piperazine thioctic acid salt(TAPPZ)as a dopant into the perovskite precursor Thermally dissociated piperazine(PPZ)from TAPPZ integrates microcrystals to form larger grain(>2000 nm),while the carboxylic acid in thioctic acid(TA)and the amine salt in TAPPZ synergistically passivate and transform PbI_(2),significantly reducing its residual amount.Additionally,TAPPZ undergoe thermal self-crosslinking during perovskite annealing,enabling melt-polymerization to form in situ encapsulation for enhanced water resistance.The TAPPZ-incorporated device achieves a remarkable efficiency of 25.65% and exhibits excellent operational stability,retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h under ambient conditions(20-30℃,20%-30% relative humidity).This study provide new insights into the construction of high-performance perovskite solar cells by designing and synthe sizing multifunctional single molecules for in situ repair and encapsulation of perovskites.
基金Chulalongkorn University and the National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)for providing the Chulalongkorn University-NSTDA Doctoral Scholarship,which funded this articlesupport from the 90~(th)Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Scholarship under the Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund。
文摘In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into widely consumed beverages like carbonated soft drinks poses a notable challenge due to the detrimental impact of acidic pH.Herein,results demonstrate that chitosan-coated alginate/gellan gum microcapsules can enhance the viability of probiotics within carbonated soft drinks.The probiotics,Lactobacillus casei,are encapsulated in microcapsules and exposed to Pepsi,Fanta Strawberry,Sprite,and A&W Root Beer under 4 and 25℃for 60 days and simulated gastrointestinal tract.Microcapsules greatly improve the viability of adding probiotics in different beverages under simulated gastrointestinal tract.The probiotics had a gradual release from microcapsules,reaching maximum release within initial 2 h of simulated intestinal phase.During 4℃storage compared to storage at 25℃,it was found that the number of surviving cells is more than the recommended minimum(10^(6)CFU/g)at the end of the storage.The pH and soluble solids content of beverages containing microcapsules also signify little change.This work shows that the chitosan-coated alginate/gellan microcapsules have the potential to be used as protective microcapsules for probiotics in carbonated soft drinks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3905400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176010).
文摘The Ru-based catalysts with different preparation methods or supports were achieved and applied in efficientlycatalytic elimination of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE).It wasfirstly found that the redox ability and chlorine re-sistance of the catalyst could be improved by regulating the interaction between Ru and supports.Compared withother supports and conventionally impregnated methods,the Ru@ZSM-5 catalyst synthesized by the in-situ en-capsulation strategy exhibited an excellent low-temperature catalytic performance(T50=262°C,T90=327℃),superior stability in long-term test as well as ideal target products.The acidity,specific surface area,and in-teraction with precious metals of the supports have significant influences on the catalytic activity,and the Ruclusters inside the pore structures are more closely bound to the framework Al species,which promotes theoxidation behavior.The encapsulation strategy also significantly improves the Ru dispersion thereby facilitatesoxygen activation as well as Cl-containing volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)deep oxidation,and preserveslarge amounts of Brønsted acid sites to optimize the hydrolysis mechanism for purification of CVOCs.Subse-quently,the synergistic effect between metal redox and acidity is greatly optimized,thus extremely promotingthe catalytic efficiency of 1,2-DCE oxidation.
文摘Insulin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (INS-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by a double emulsion method (w/o/w), using ethyl acetate as organic solvent and poloxamer188 as emulsifier. Experimental parameters such as the emulsifier and PLGA concentrations, the pH and concentration of the insulin solution, the solvent evaporation method and PVA in the internal phase were investigated for the encapsulation efficiency. The results indicated that higher emulsifier concentration, relatively less amount of PLGA and lower insulin concentration would increase the entrapment of insulin. Furthermore, pH of insulin solution approaching to pI (5.3), adding some PVA to the internal phase and a shorter evaporation time helped to enhance the incorporation efficiency of insulin. Optimized preparation parameters led to nanoparticles with well-defined characteristics such as an average size around 149.6 nm, a polydispersity lower than 0.1 and high encapsulation efficiency up to 42.8%.
文摘Congenital peritoneal encapsulation(CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE develops,however it is currently understood to be a result of an aberrant adhesion in the peritoneal lining of the physiological hernia in foetal mid-gut development. The condition was first described in 1868, and subsequently there have been only 45 case reports of the phenomenon. No formal, systematised review of CPE has yet been performed, meaning the condition remains poorly understood,underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Diagnosis of CPE remains clinical with important adjuncts provided by imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy. Two thirds of patients present with abdominal pain, likely secondary to sub-acute bowel obstruction. A fixed, asymmetrical distension of the abdomen and differential consistency on abdominal palpation are more specific clinical features present in approximately 10% of cases. CPE is virtually undetectable on plain imaging, and is only detected on 40% of patients with computed tomography scan. Most patients will undergo diagnostic laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis.Management of CPE includes both medical management of the critically-unstable patient and surgical laparotomy, partial peritonectomy and adhesiolysis.Prognosis following prompt surgical treatment is excellent, with a majority of patients being symptom free at follow up. This review summarises the current literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We also introduce a novel classification system for encapsulating bowel diseases, which may distinguish CPE from the commoner, more morbid conditions of abdominal cocoon and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
基金Supported by National Defense Basic Scientific Research of China(Grant No.A2120110002)National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11290144)Major National Science and Technology Special Project of China(Grant Nos.2010ZX04014-052,2010ZX0414-017)
文摘To improve efficiency,reduce cost,ensure quality effectively,researchers on CNC machining have focused on virtual machine tool,cloud manufacturing,wireless manufacturing.However,low level of information shared among different systems is a common disadvantage.In this paper,a machining database with data evaluation module is set up to ensure integrity and update.An online monitoring system based on internet of things and multi-sensors"feel"a variety of signal features to"percept"the state in CNC machining process.A high efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system"execute"service-oriented manufacturing,intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing.The intelligent CNC machining system is applied in production.CNC machining database effectively shares and manages process data among different systems.The prediction accuracy of online monitoring system is up to 98.8%by acquiring acceleration and noise in real time.High efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system optimizes the original processing parameters,and the calculation indicates that optimized processing parameters not only improve production efficiency,but also reduce carbon emissions.The application proves that the shared and service-oriented CNC machining system is reliable and effective.This research presents a shared and service-oriented CNC machining system for intelligent manufacturing process.
基金the startup research foundation of China Three Gorge University (No.0620070124)
文摘To alleviate the influence of gas compressibility on the process performance of time-pressure dispensing for electronics encapsulation,a predictive model is developed based on power-law fluid to estimate the encapsulant amount dispensed.Based on the simple and effective model,a run by run (RbR) supervisory control scheme is delivered to compensate the variation resulting from gas volume change in the syringe.Both simulation and experiment have shown that the dispensing consistency has been greatly improved with the model-based RbR control strategy developed in this paper.
文摘Tea polyphenols(TPPs)have attracted significant research interest due to their health benefits.However,TPPs are sensitive to certain environmental and gastrointestinal conditions and their oral bioavailability was found to be very low.Delivery systems made of food-grade materials have been reported to improve the shelf-life,bioavailability and bioefficacy of TPPs.This review discusses the chemistry of TPPs;the setbacks of TPPs for application;and the strategies to counteract application limitations by rationally designing delivery systems.An overview of different formulations used to encapsulate TPPs is provided in this study,such as emulsion-based systems(liposome,nanoemulsion,double emulsion,and Pickering emulsion)and nano/microparticles-based systems(protein-based,carbohydrate-based,and bi-polymer based).In addition,the stability,bioavailability and bioactivities of encapsulated TPPs are evaluated by various in vitro and in vivo models.The current findings provide scientific insights in encapsulation approaches for the delivery of TPPs,which can be of great value to TPPs-fortified food products.Further explorations are needed for the encapsulated TPPs in terms of their applications in the real food industry as well as their biological fate and functional pathways in vivo.
文摘Encapsulation in food industry serves several functions including masking of undesirable color/flavor/taste, preservation of unstable constituents, incor<span style="font-family:Verdana;">poration of additional functional and nutritional components and site-specific</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> release of encapsulated ingredients at a controlled time and rate. The knowledge of microencapsulation in other sectors like pharmaceutical industry is well advanced;however, more understanding is required to harvest the maximum benefits from food industry. This paper started with highlighting the gradual progress of microencapsulation process in food industry and ended up with some invaluable suggestions for future works. In the body, the paper reviews the major techniques of food encapsulation, choices of coating materials and the performance measurement methods of food encapsulation. Future trends, scopes and aspects of microencapsulation process in food manufacturing sector are also presented as the necessary recommendations for future researches. The article would help the microencapsulated food manufacturers to choose the target oriented encapsulates and suitable encapsulation technique.</span>
