Animal husbandry is the pillar industry in some ethnic areas of China.However,the communication/networking infrastructure in these areas is often underdeveloped,thus the difficulty in centralized management,and challe...Animal husbandry is the pillar industry in some ethnic areas of China.However,the communication/networking infrastructure in these areas is often underdeveloped,thus the difficulty in centralized management,and challenges for the effective monitoring.Considering the dynamics of the field monitoring environment,as well as the diversity and mobility of monitoring targets,traditional WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks)or IoT(Internet of Things)is difficult to meet the surveillance needs.Mobile surveillance that features the collaboration of various functions(camera,sensing,image recognition,etc.)deployed on mobile devices is desirable in a volatile wireless environment.This paper proposes the service function chaining for mobile surveillance of animal husbandry,which orchestrates multi-path multifunction(MPMF)chains to help mobile devices to collaborate in complex surveillance tasks,provide backup chains in case the primary service function chain fails due to mobility,signal strength,obstacle,etc.,and make up for the defects of difficult deployment of monitoring facilities in ethnic areas.MPMF algorithmmodels both mobile devices and various functions deployed on them as abstract graph nodes,so that chains that are required to traverse various functions and hosting mobile devices can be orchestrated in a single graphbased query through modified and adapted Dijkstra-like algorithms,with their cost ordered automatically.Experiment results show that the proposed MPMF algorithm finds multiple least-costly chains that traverse demanded functions in a timely fashion on Raspberry Pi-equipped mobile devices.展开更多
As Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace,intelligent big data control and information systems have become critical enablers for organizational digital transformation,facilitati...As Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace,intelligent big data control and information systems have become critical enablers for organizational digital transformation,facilitating data-driven decision making,fostering innovation ecosystems,and maintaining operational stability.In this study,we propose an advanced deployment algorithm for Service Function Chaining(SFC)that leverages an enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT)mechanism.The main goal is to tackle the issues of security and resource efficiency in SFC implementation across diverse network settings.By integrating blockchain technology and Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),our algorithm not only optimizes resource utilization and quality of service but also ensures robust security during SFC deployment.Specifically,the enhanced PBFT consensus mechanism(VRPBFT)significantly reduces consensus latency and improves Byzantine node detection through the introduction of a Verifiable Random Function(VRF)and a node reputation grading model.Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional PBFT,the proposed VRPBFT algorithm reduces consensus latency by approximately 30%and decreases the proportion of Byzantine nodes by 40%after 100 rounds of consensus.Furthermore,the DRL-based SFC deployment algorithm(SDRL)exhibits rapid convergence during training,with improvements in long-term average revenue,request acceptance rate,and revenue/cost ratio of 17%,14.49%,and 20.35%,respectively,over existing algorithms.Additionally,the CPU resource utilization of the SDRL algorithmreaches up to 42%,which is 27.96%higher than other algorithms.These findings indicate that the proposed algorithm substantially enhances resource utilization efficiency,service quality,and security in SFC deployment.展开更多
With the advancements of software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV),service function chain(SFC)placement becomes a crucial enabler for flexible resource scheduling in low earth orbit(LEO)sat...With the advancements of software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV),service function chain(SFC)placement becomes a crucial enabler for flexible resource scheduling in low earth orbit(LEO)satellite networks.While due to the scarcity of bandwidth resources and dynamic topology of LEO satellites,the static SFC placement schemes may cause performance degradation,resource waste and even service failure.In this paper,we consider migration and establish an online migration model,especially considering the dynamic topology.Given the scarcity of bandwidth resources,the model aims to maximize the total number of accepted SFCs while incurring as little bandwidth cost of SFC transmission and migration as possible.Due to its NP-hardness,we propose a heuristic minimized dynamic SFC migration(MDSM)algorithm that only triggers the migration procedure when new SFCs are rejected.Simulation results demonstrate that MDSM achieves a performance close to the upper bound with lower complexity.展开更多
Service function chains(SFC)mapping takes the responsibility for managing virtual network functions(VNFs).In SFC mapping,existing solutions duplicate VNFs with redundant instances to provide high availability in respo...Service function chains(SFC)mapping takes the responsibility for managing virtual network functions(VNFs).In SFC mapping,existing solutions duplicate VNFs with redundant instances to provide high availability in response to failures.However,as a compromise,these solutions result in high resource consumption due to device maintenance.In this paper,we propose a novel method named dynamic backup sharing(DBS)that allows SFCs to dynamically share backups to reduce resource consumption.DBS formulates the problem of sharing backups among different VNFs as an integer linear programming(ILP).Thereafter,we design a novel online algorithm based on dynamic programming to solve the problem.The experimental results indicate that DBS outperforms state-ofthe-art works by reducing resource consumption and improving the number of accepted requests.展开更多
Software Defined Satellite Networks(SDSN) are proposed to solve the problems in traditional satellite networks, such as time-consuming configuration and inflexible traffic scheduling. The emerging application of small...Software Defined Satellite Networks(SDSN) are proposed to solve the problems in traditional satellite networks, such as time-consuming configuration and inflexible traffic scheduling. The emerging application of small satellite and research of SDSN make it possible for satellite networks to provide flexible network services. Service Function Chain(SFC) can satisfy this need. In this paper, we are motivated to investigate applying SFC in the small satellite-based SDSN for service delivery. We introduce the structure of the multi-layer constellation-based SDSN. Then, we describe two deployment patterns of SFC in SDSN, the Multi-Domain(MD) pattern and the Satellite Formation(SF) pattern. We propose two algorithms, SFP-MD, and SFP-SF, to calculate the Service Function Path(SFP). We implement the algorithms and conduct contrast experiments in our prototype. Finally, we summarize the applicable conditions of two deployment patterns according to the experimental results in terms of hops, delay, and packet loss rate.展开更多
Network function virtualization is a new network concept that moves network functions from dedicated hardware to software-defined applications running on standard high volume severs. In order to accomplish network ser...Network function virtualization is a new network concept that moves network functions from dedicated hardware to software-defined applications running on standard high volume severs. In order to accomplish network services, traffic flows are usually processed by a list of network functions in sequence which is defined by service function chain. By incorporating network function virtualization in inter-data center(DC) network, we can use the network resources intelligently and deploy network services faster. However, orchestrating service function chains across multiple data centers will incur high deployment cost, including the inter-data center bandwidth cost, virtual network function cost and the intra-data center bandwidth cost. In this paper, we orchestrate SFCs across multiple data centers, with a goal to minimize the overall cost. An integer linear programming(ILP) model is formulated and we provide a meta-heuristic algorithm named GBAO which contains three modules to solve it. We implemented our algorithm in Python and performed side-by-side comparison with prior algorithms. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm reduces the overall cost by at least 21.4% over the existing algorithms for accommodating the same service function chain requests.展开更多
Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The s...Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The same concept has recently resurfaced under the guise of cloud computing and virtualized computing.Although cloud computing was originally used in IT for server virtualization,the ICT industry is taking a new look at virtualization.This paradigm shift is shaking up the computing,storage,networking,and ser vice industries.The hope is that virtualizing and automating configuration and service management/orchestration will save both capes and opex for network transformation.A complimentary trend is the separation（over an open interface）of control and transmission.This is commonly referred to as software defined networking（SDN）.This paper reviews trends in network/service functions,efforts to standardize these functions,and required management and orchestration.展开更多
Aiming at the rapid growth of network services,which leads to the problems of long service request processing time and high deployment cost in the deployment of network function virtualization service function chain(S...Aiming at the rapid growth of network services,which leads to the problems of long service request processing time and high deployment cost in the deployment of network function virtualization service function chain(SFC)under 5G networks,this paper proposes a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient optimization algorithm for SFC deployment(MADDPG-SD).Initially,an optimization model is devised to enhance the request acceptance rate,minimizing the latency and deploying the cost SFC is constructed for the network resource-constrained case.Subsequently,we model the dynamic problem as a Markov decision process(MDP),facilitating adaptation to the evolving states of network resources.Finally,by allocating SFCs to different agents and adopting a collaborative deployment strategy,each agent aims to maximize the request acceptance rate or minimize latency and costs.These agents learn strategies from historical data of virtual network functions in SFCs to guide server node selection,and achieve approximately optimal SFC deployment strategies through a cooperative framework of centralized training and distributed execution.Experimental simulation results indicate that the proposed method,while simultaneously meeting performance requirements and resource capacity constraints,has effectively increased the acceptance rate of requests compared to the comparative algorithms,reducing the end-to-end latency by 4.942%and the deployment cost by 8.045%.展开更多
Cyber-physical power system(CPPS)has significantly improved the operational efficiency of power systems.However,cross-space cascading failures may occur due to the coupling characteristics,which poses a great threat t...Cyber-physical power system(CPPS)has significantly improved the operational efficiency of power systems.However,cross-space cascading failures may occur due to the coupling characteristics,which poses a great threat to the safety and reliability of CPPS,and there is an acute need to reduce the probability of these failures.Towards this end,this paper first proposes a cascading failure index to identify and quantify the importance of different information in the same class of communication services.On this basis,a joint improved risk-balanced service function chain routing strategy(SFC-RS)is proposed,which is modeled as a robust optimization problem and solved by column-and-constraint generation(C-CG)algorithm.Compared with the traditional shortest-path routing algorithm,the superiority of SFC-RS is verified in the IEEE 30-bus system.The results demonstrate that SFC-RS effectively mitigates the risk associated with information transmission in the network,enhances information transmission accessibility,and effectively limits communication disruption from becoming the cause of cross-space cascading failures.展开更多
Software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)have become a new paradigm of a new generation of network architecture.SDN and NFV can effectively improve the flexibility of deploying and managing...Software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)have become a new paradigm of a new generation of network architecture.SDN and NFV can effectively improve the flexibility of deploying and managing service function chains(SFCs).By combining SDN and NFV and applying them to the resource orchestration problem of SFC deployment,the three-tier architecture consisting of SDN controller,network function virtualization and physical underlying computing resource layer in the process of heterogeneous network resource mapping is considered.And an optimization algorithm for active control resources based on SDN and NFV is proposed.Firstly,the user’s utility is modeled by the multistandard aggregated multi-criteria utility algorithm,and the optimization goal is transformed into the problem of maximizing the user’s utility.Then the controller,based on the algorithm’s prediction of the future state and realtime monitoring of the network utilization,makes decisions and issues control commands for the arriving SFC requests,based on which it occupies the underlying resources held by the virtualized network function(VNF).The simulation results show that,compared with the static timing resource allocation algorithm,the active control resource deployment algorithm proposed in the article has better performance in terms of resource utilization,acceptance rate,and user creation utility.展开更多
基于IPv6的段路由(segment routing over IPv6,SRv6)作为下一代网络架构的关键使能技术,通过引入灵活的段路由转发平面,为提升网络智能化水平、拓展业务服务能力带来革新机遇.旨在全面梳理近年来SRv6的演进趋势和研究现状.首先,系统总结...基于IPv6的段路由(segment routing over IPv6,SRv6)作为下一代网络架构的关键使能技术,通过引入灵活的段路由转发平面,为提升网络智能化水平、拓展业务服务能力带来革新机遇.旨在全面梳理近年来SRv6的演进趋势和研究现状.首先,系统总结SRv6在网络架构与性能、网络管理与运维以及新兴业务支撑等方面的应用,凸显了SRv6精细调度、灵活编程、服务融合等独特优势.与此同时,深入剖析SRv6在性能与效率、可靠性与安全性、部署与演进策略这3个方面所面临的关键挑战,并重点讨论当前主流的解决思路和发展趋势.最后,立足产业生态构建、人工智能引入、行业融合创新等视角,对SRv6未来的发展方向和挑战进行前瞻性思考和展望.研究成果将为运营商构建开放、智能、安全的新一代网络提供理论参考和实践指导.展开更多
在软件定义网络和网络功能虚拟化范式下,服务功能链(service function chaining,SFC)技术通过灵活编排虚拟网络功能实现了网络服务的定制化部署。然而,动态网络环境下SFC部署面临着决策空间大、环境复杂多变等挑战。强化学习因其自适应...在软件定义网络和网络功能虚拟化范式下,服务功能链(service function chaining,SFC)技术通过灵活编排虚拟网络功能实现了网络服务的定制化部署。然而,动态网络环境下SFC部署面临着决策空间大、环境复杂多变等挑战。强化学习因其自适应学习复杂环境特征并动态决策的能力,在解决SFC部署问题上展现出显著优势。该研究首先阐述了SFC部署的基本概念与技术架构,并具体介绍了基于强化学习的SFC部署框架。随后,从算法设计、应用场景和优化策略等角度,梳理并深入分析了强化学习在SFC放置、调度和重配置3个关键阶段中的研究进展与创新应用。最后,总结了现有研究在算法设计、性能优化和实际部署方面的优势与局限,并分析了该领域的技术挑战与未来发展趋势。展开更多
产业界正在推进SFC（service function chain，业务链）技术发展，以实现云网融合的新型业务部署模式。业务路径选择策略是业务链的核心技术，直接影响网络性能与业务体验。针对现有业务路径选择策略存在的单一目标缺陷，创新提出并仿...产业界正在推进SFC（service function chain，业务链）技术发展，以实现云网融合的新型业务部署模式。业务路径选择策略是业务链的核心技术，直接影响网络性能与业务体验。针对现有业务路径选择策略存在的单一目标缺陷，创新提出并仿真验证了一种基于时延和负载的最小权重法，优化网络资源分配，提升业务链处理性能，为运营商未来网络和资源部署提供技术参考。展开更多
Real-time multimedia sharing in Consumer-centric Multimedia Network(CMN) requires usability anywhere, anytime and from any device. However, CMNs are usually located or implemented on application layer, which makes CMN...Real-time multimedia sharing in Consumer-centric Multimedia Network(CMN) requires usability anywhere, anytime and from any device. However, CMNs are usually located or implemented on application layer, which makes CMNs subjected to their fixed substrate security framework. A fundamental diversifying attribute for the customized security experiences of CMNs is pressing. This paper proposes a programmable network structure which is named Service Processing Chain(SPC) based on network function combination. The SPC is established by the ordinal combination of network functions in substrate switches dynamically, and therefore constructs a special channel for each CMN with required security. The construction and reconfiguration algorithms of SPC are also discussed in this paper. Evaluations and implementation show that above approaches are effective in providing multilevel security with flexibility and expansibility. It is believed that the SPC could provide customized security service and drive participative real-time multimedia sharing for CMNs.展开更多
Security service function chaining(SFC)based on software-defined networking(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)technology allows traffic to be forwarded sequentially among different security service functions...Security service function chaining(SFC)based on software-defined networking(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)technology allows traffic to be forwarded sequentially among different security service functions to achieve a combination of security functions.Security SFC can be deployed according to requirements,but the current SFC is not flexible enough and lacks an effective feedback mechanism.The SFC is not traffic aware and the changes of traffic may cause the previously deployed security SFC to be invalid.How to establish a closed-loop mechanism to enhance the adaptive capability of the security SFC to malicious traffic has become an important issue.Our contribution is threefold.First,we propose a secure SFC path selection framework.The framework can accept the feedback results of traffic and security service functions in SFC,and dynamically select the opti-mal path for SFC based on the feedback results.It also realizes the automatic deployment of paths,forming a complete closed loop.Second,we expand the protocol of SFC to realize the security SFC with branching path,which improve flexibility of security SFC.Third,we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic path selection method for security SFC.It infers the optimal branching path by analyzing feedback from the security SFC.We have experimented with Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack detection modules as security service functions.Experimental results show that our proposed method can dynamically select the optimal branching path for a security SFC based on traffic features and the state of the SFC.And it improves the accuracy of the overall malicious traffic detection of the security SFC and significantly reduces the latency and overall load of the SFC.展开更多
动态服务功能链(Service Function Chaining,SFC)技术驱动了高度可拓展运营商网络业务流处理平台的构建,为网络重构和架构演进提供了一种新的解决方案。介绍了动态SFC发展背景,梳理了动态SFC体系结构,其中包括编排平面、控制平面和数据...动态服务功能链(Service Function Chaining,SFC)技术驱动了高度可拓展运营商网络业务流处理平台的构建,为网络重构和架构演进提供了一种新的解决方案。介绍了动态SFC发展背景,梳理了动态SFC体系结构,其中包括编排平面、控制平面和数据平面;深入阐述了动态SFC的关键技术,然后论述了动态SFC技术在典型场景下的应用研究;最后,展望了动态SFC技术未来研究工作。展开更多
基金This research was partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1507005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643448)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2020YFG0189)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Southwest Minzu University(2020NQN18).
文摘Animal husbandry is the pillar industry in some ethnic areas of China.However,the communication/networking infrastructure in these areas is often underdeveloped,thus the difficulty in centralized management,and challenges for the effective monitoring.Considering the dynamics of the field monitoring environment,as well as the diversity and mobility of monitoring targets,traditional WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks)or IoT(Internet of Things)is difficult to meet the surveillance needs.Mobile surveillance that features the collaboration of various functions(camera,sensing,image recognition,etc.)deployed on mobile devices is desirable in a volatile wireless environment.This paper proposes the service function chaining for mobile surveillance of animal husbandry,which orchestrates multi-path multifunction(MPMF)chains to help mobile devices to collaborate in complex surveillance tasks,provide backup chains in case the primary service function chain fails due to mobility,signal strength,obstacle,etc.,and make up for the defects of difficult deployment of monitoring facilities in ethnic areas.MPMF algorithmmodels both mobile devices and various functions deployed on them as abstract graph nodes,so that chains that are required to traverse various functions and hosting mobile devices can be orchestrated in a single graphbased query through modified and adapted Dijkstra-like algorithms,with their cost ordered automatically.Experiment results show that the proposed MPMF algorithm finds multiple least-costly chains that traverse demanded functions in a timely fashion on Raspberry Pi-equipped mobile devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62471493 and 62402257partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2023LZH017,ZR2024MF066 and 2023QF025+2 种基金partially supported by the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(No.ZBKF-24-12)partially supported by the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Education Informatization for Nationalities(Yunnan Normal University),the Ministry of Education(No.EIN2024C006)partially supported by the Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE(No.202306).
文摘As Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace,intelligent big data control and information systems have become critical enablers for organizational digital transformation,facilitating data-driven decision making,fostering innovation ecosystems,and maintaining operational stability.In this study,we propose an advanced deployment algorithm for Service Function Chaining(SFC)that leverages an enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT)mechanism.The main goal is to tackle the issues of security and resource efficiency in SFC implementation across diverse network settings.By integrating blockchain technology and Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),our algorithm not only optimizes resource utilization and quality of service but also ensures robust security during SFC deployment.Specifically,the enhanced PBFT consensus mechanism(VRPBFT)significantly reduces consensus latency and improves Byzantine node detection through the introduction of a Verifiable Random Function(VRF)and a node reputation grading model.Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional PBFT,the proposed VRPBFT algorithm reduces consensus latency by approximately 30%and decreases the proportion of Byzantine nodes by 40%after 100 rounds of consensus.Furthermore,the DRL-based SFC deployment algorithm(SDRL)exhibits rapid convergence during training,with improvements in long-term average revenue,request acceptance rate,and revenue/cost ratio of 17%,14.49%,and 20.35%,respectively,over existing algorithms.Additionally,the CPU resource utilization of the SDRL algorithmreaches up to 42%,which is 27.96%higher than other algorithms.These findings indicate that the proposed algorithm substantially enhances resource utilization efficiency,service quality,and security in SFC deployment.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant numbers U22A2007 and 62171010the Open project of Satellite Internet Key Laboratory in 2022(Project 3:Research on Spaceborne Lightweight Core Network and Intelligent Collaboration)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under grant number L212003.
文摘With the advancements of software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV),service function chain(SFC)placement becomes a crucial enabler for flexible resource scheduling in low earth orbit(LEO)satellite networks.While due to the scarcity of bandwidth resources and dynamic topology of LEO satellites,the static SFC placement schemes may cause performance degradation,resource waste and even service failure.In this paper,we consider migration and establish an online migration model,especially considering the dynamic topology.Given the scarcity of bandwidth resources,the model aims to maximize the total number of accepted SFCs while incurring as little bandwidth cost of SFC transmission and migration as possible.Due to its NP-hardness,we propose a heuristic minimized dynamic SFC migration(MDSM)algorithm that only triggers the migration procedure when new SFCs are rejected.Simulation results demonstrate that MDSM achieves a performance close to the upper bound with lower complexity.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1800601)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01036,2020C01021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Zhejiang University NGICS Platform:ZJUNGICS2021021).
文摘Service function chains(SFC)mapping takes the responsibility for managing virtual network functions(VNFs).In SFC mapping,existing solutions duplicate VNFs with redundant instances to provide high availability in response to failures.However,as a compromise,these solutions result in high resource consumption due to device maintenance.In this paper,we propose a novel method named dynamic backup sharing(DBS)that allows SFCs to dynamically share backups to reduce resource consumption.DBS formulates the problem of sharing backups among different VNFs as an integer linear programming(ILP).Thereafter,we design a novel online algorithm based on dynamic programming to solve the problem.The experimental results indicate that DBS outperforms state-ofthe-art works by reducing resource consumption and improving the number of accepted requests.
基金supported in part by NSFC of China under Grant No.61232017National Basic Research Program of China(“973 program”)under Grant No.2013CB329101+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2016YJS026NSAF of China under Grant No.U1530118
文摘Software Defined Satellite Networks(SDSN) are proposed to solve the problems in traditional satellite networks, such as time-consuming configuration and inflexible traffic scheduling. The emerging application of small satellite and research of SDSN make it possible for satellite networks to provide flexible network services. Service Function Chain(SFC) can satisfy this need. In this paper, we are motivated to investigate applying SFC in the small satellite-based SDSN for service delivery. We introduce the structure of the multi-layer constellation-based SDSN. Then, we describe two deployment patterns of SFC in SDSN, the Multi-Domain(MD) pattern and the Satellite Formation(SF) pattern. We propose two algorithms, SFP-MD, and SFP-SF, to calculate the Service Function Path(SFP). We implement the algorithms and conduct contrast experiments in our prototype. Finally, we summarize the applicable conditions of two deployment patterns according to the experimental results in terms of hops, delay, and packet loss rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61501044)
文摘Network function virtualization is a new network concept that moves network functions from dedicated hardware to software-defined applications running on standard high volume severs. In order to accomplish network services, traffic flows are usually processed by a list of network functions in sequence which is defined by service function chain. By incorporating network function virtualization in inter-data center(DC) network, we can use the network resources intelligently and deploy network services faster. However, orchestrating service function chains across multiple data centers will incur high deployment cost, including the inter-data center bandwidth cost, virtual network function cost and the intra-data center bandwidth cost. In this paper, we orchestrate SFCs across multiple data centers, with a goal to minimize the overall cost. An integer linear programming(ILP) model is formulated and we provide a meta-heuristic algorithm named GBAO which contains three modules to solve it. We implemented our algorithm in Python and performed side-by-side comparison with prior algorithms. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm reduces the overall cost by at least 21.4% over the existing algorithms for accommodating the same service function chain requests.
文摘Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The same concept has recently resurfaced under the guise of cloud computing and virtualized computing.Although cloud computing was originally used in IT for server virtualization,the ICT industry is taking a new look at virtualization.This paradigm shift is shaking up the computing,storage,networking,and ser vice industries.The hope is that virtualizing and automating configuration and service management/orchestration will save both capes and opex for network transformation.A complimentary trend is the separation（over an open interface）of control and transmission.This is commonly referred to as software defined networking（SDN）.This paper reviews trends in network/service functions,efforts to standardize these functions,and required management and orchestration.
基金The financial support fromthe Major Science and Technology Programs inHenan Province(Grant No.241100210100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62102372)+3 种基金Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Research Project(Grant No.242102211068)Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Research Project(Grant No.232102210078)the Stabilization Support Program of The Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.20231130110921001)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province(Grant No.24A520042)is acknowledged.
文摘Aiming at the rapid growth of network services,which leads to the problems of long service request processing time and high deployment cost in the deployment of network function virtualization service function chain(SFC)under 5G networks,this paper proposes a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient optimization algorithm for SFC deployment(MADDPG-SD).Initially,an optimization model is devised to enhance the request acceptance rate,minimizing the latency and deploying the cost SFC is constructed for the network resource-constrained case.Subsequently,we model the dynamic problem as a Markov decision process(MDP),facilitating adaptation to the evolving states of network resources.Finally,by allocating SFCs to different agents and adopting a collaborative deployment strategy,each agent aims to maximize the request acceptance rate or minimize latency and costs.These agents learn strategies from historical data of virtual network functions in SFCs to guide server node selection,and achieve approximately optimal SFC deployment strategies through a cooperative framework of centralized training and distributed execution.Experimental simulation results indicate that the proposed method,while simultaneously meeting performance requirements and resource capacity constraints,has effectively increased the acceptance rate of requests compared to the comparative algorithms,reducing the end-to-end latency by 4.942%and the deployment cost by 8.045%.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52177074.
文摘Cyber-physical power system(CPPS)has significantly improved the operational efficiency of power systems.However,cross-space cascading failures may occur due to the coupling characteristics,which poses a great threat to the safety and reliability of CPPS,and there is an acute need to reduce the probability of these failures.Towards this end,this paper first proposes a cascading failure index to identify and quantify the importance of different information in the same class of communication services.On this basis,a joint improved risk-balanced service function chain routing strategy(SFC-RS)is proposed,which is modeled as a robust optimization problem and solved by column-and-constraint generation(C-CG)algorithm.Compared with the traditional shortest-path routing algorithm,the superiority of SFC-RS is verified in the IEEE 30-bus system.The results demonstrate that SFC-RS effectively mitigates the risk associated with information transmission in the network,enhances information transmission accessibility,and effectively limits communication disruption from becoming the cause of cross-space cascading failures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871058).
文摘Software defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)have become a new paradigm of a new generation of network architecture.SDN and NFV can effectively improve the flexibility of deploying and managing service function chains(SFCs).By combining SDN and NFV and applying them to the resource orchestration problem of SFC deployment,the three-tier architecture consisting of SDN controller,network function virtualization and physical underlying computing resource layer in the process of heterogeneous network resource mapping is considered.And an optimization algorithm for active control resources based on SDN and NFV is proposed.Firstly,the user’s utility is modeled by the multistandard aggregated multi-criteria utility algorithm,and the optimization goal is transformed into the problem of maximizing the user’s utility.Then the controller,based on the algorithm’s prediction of the future state and realtime monitoring of the network utilization,makes decisions and issues control commands for the arriving SFC requests,based on which it occupies the underlying resources held by the virtualized network function(VNF).The simulation results show that,compared with the static timing resource allocation algorithm,the active control resource deployment algorithm proposed in the article has better performance in terms of resource utilization,acceptance rate,and user creation utility.
文摘基于IPv6的段路由(segment routing over IPv6,SRv6)作为下一代网络架构的关键使能技术,通过引入灵活的段路由转发平面,为提升网络智能化水平、拓展业务服务能力带来革新机遇.旨在全面梳理近年来SRv6的演进趋势和研究现状.首先,系统总结SRv6在网络架构与性能、网络管理与运维以及新兴业务支撑等方面的应用,凸显了SRv6精细调度、灵活编程、服务融合等独特优势.与此同时,深入剖析SRv6在性能与效率、可靠性与安全性、部署与演进策略这3个方面所面临的关键挑战,并重点讨论当前主流的解决思路和发展趋势.最后,立足产业生态构建、人工智能引入、行业融合创新等视角,对SRv6未来的发展方向和挑战进行前瞻性思考和展望.研究成果将为运营商构建开放、智能、安全的新一代网络提供理论参考和实践指导.
文摘在软件定义网络和网络功能虚拟化范式下,服务功能链(service function chaining,SFC)技术通过灵活编排虚拟网络功能实现了网络服务的定制化部署。然而,动态网络环境下SFC部署面临着决策空间大、环境复杂多变等挑战。强化学习因其自适应学习复杂环境特征并动态决策的能力,在解决SFC部署问题上展现出显著优势。该研究首先阐述了SFC部署的基本概念与技术架构,并具体介绍了基于强化学习的SFC部署框架。随后,从算法设计、应用场景和优化策略等角度,梳理并深入分析了强化学习在SFC放置、调度和重配置3个关键阶段中的研究进展与创新应用。最后,总结了现有研究在算法设计、性能优化和实际部署方面的优势与局限,并分析了该领域的技术挑战与未来发展趋势。
文摘产业界正在推进SFC（service function chain，业务链）技术发展，以实现云网融合的新型业务部署模式。业务路径选择策略是业务链的核心技术，直接影响网络性能与业务体验。针对现有业务路径选择策略存在的单一目标缺陷，创新提出并仿真验证了一种基于时延和负载的最小权重法，优化网络资源分配，提升业务链处理性能，为运营商未来网络和资源部署提供技术参考。
基金supported by The National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No. 2012CB315901, 2013CB329104)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61521003, 61372121, 61309019, 61572519, 61502530)The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (Grant No. 2015AA016102)
文摘Real-time multimedia sharing in Consumer-centric Multimedia Network(CMN) requires usability anywhere, anytime and from any device. However, CMNs are usually located or implemented on application layer, which makes CMNs subjected to their fixed substrate security framework. A fundamental diversifying attribute for the customized security experiences of CMNs is pressing. This paper proposes a programmable network structure which is named Service Processing Chain(SPC) based on network function combination. The SPC is established by the ordinal combination of network functions in substrate switches dynamically, and therefore constructs a special channel for each CMN with required security. The construction and reconfiguration algorithms of SPC are also discussed in this paper. Evaluations and implementation show that above approaches are effective in providing multilevel security with flexibility and expansibility. It is believed that the SPC could provide customized security service and drive participative real-time multimedia sharing for CMNs.
基金supported by NSFC under Grant No.62341102National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFA0701604。
文摘Security service function chaining(SFC)based on software-defined networking(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)technology allows traffic to be forwarded sequentially among different security service functions to achieve a combination of security functions.Security SFC can be deployed according to requirements,but the current SFC is not flexible enough and lacks an effective feedback mechanism.The SFC is not traffic aware and the changes of traffic may cause the previously deployed security SFC to be invalid.How to establish a closed-loop mechanism to enhance the adaptive capability of the security SFC to malicious traffic has become an important issue.Our contribution is threefold.First,we propose a secure SFC path selection framework.The framework can accept the feedback results of traffic and security service functions in SFC,and dynamically select the opti-mal path for SFC based on the feedback results.It also realizes the automatic deployment of paths,forming a complete closed loop.Second,we expand the protocol of SFC to realize the security SFC with branching path,which improve flexibility of security SFC.Third,we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic path selection method for security SFC.It infers the optimal branching path by analyzing feedback from the security SFC.We have experimented with Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack detection modules as security service functions.Experimental results show that our proposed method can dynamically select the optimal branching path for a security SFC based on traffic features and the state of the SFC.And it improves the accuracy of the overall malicious traffic detection of the security SFC and significantly reduces the latency and overall load of the SFC.
文摘动态服务功能链(Service Function Chaining,SFC)技术驱动了高度可拓展运营商网络业务流处理平台的构建,为网络重构和架构演进提供了一种新的解决方案。介绍了动态SFC发展背景,梳理了动态SFC体系结构,其中包括编排平面、控制平面和数据平面;深入阐述了动态SFC的关键技术,然后论述了动态SFC技术在典型场景下的应用研究;最后,展望了动态SFC技术未来研究工作。
