Network frequency control function is incorporated into a grid-connected wind farm-dual battery energy storage system(BESS)scheme.The design of the scheme takes advantage of the rapid response characteristics of the B...Network frequency control function is incorporated into a grid-connected wind farm-dual battery energy storage system(BESS)scheme.The design of the scheme takes advantage of the rapid response characteristics of the BESS and the in-built short-term overloading capability of the associated power conversion devices.A control strategy to regulate the BESS output power is then proposed.It is shown that the frequency control action offered by the BESS complements amicably with that of conventional generators in enhancing the frequency regulation attribute of the grid system.展开更多
-The Danish government set an ambitious goal to achieve a fully renewable-based energy system by 2050.In this context,the integrated electricity and heating system is undergoing rapid development in Denmark as a promi...-The Danish government set an ambitious goal to achieve a fully renewable-based energy system by 2050.In this context,the integrated electricity and heating system is undergoing rapid development in Denmark as a promising way to accommodate the ever-growing renewable energy sources(RESs).The electric heat pumps(HPs),coupled with the power and heat sectors,can propagate the flexibility on the heat consumer side to the power system operations,playing an important role of improving system flexibility and balancing the variability of the RES.In this paper,the current development situation of HPs in Denmark is analyzed,including both the large-scale HPs in the district heating system and individual HPs on the residential side.The possibility of using HPs to provide frequency control ancillary service(FCAS)is analyzed according to the market and technical requirements of the FCAS in the Danish transmission system and experimental results of representative demonstration projects of HPs.A comprehensive analysis of the advantages,barriers,future prospects,and challenges for using HPs to provide the FCAS are carried out from the perspectives of different entities.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also gen...Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also generate considerable revenue by providing frequency regulation services and participating in carbon trading.This study proposes a bidding strategy for PV and BESSs operating in joint energy and frequency regulation markets,with a specific focus on carbon reduction benefits.A two-stage bidding framework that optimizes the profit of PV and BESSs is presented.In the first stage,the day-ahead energy market takes into account potential real-time forecast deviations.In the second stage,the real-time balancing market uses a rolling optimization method to account for multiple uncertainties.Notably,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of PV and BESSs in automatic generation control(AGC).This is particularly relevant given the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuations in the optimization model of the real-time balancing market.This control method dynamically assigns the frequency regulation amount undertaken by the PV and BESSs according to the control interval in which the area control error(ACE)occurs.The case study results demonstrate that the proposed bidding strategy not only enables the PV and BESSs to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response but also yields considerable carbon emission reduction benefits and effectively improves the system operation economy.展开更多
文摘Network frequency control function is incorporated into a grid-connected wind farm-dual battery energy storage system(BESS)scheme.The design of the scheme takes advantage of the rapid response characteristics of the BESS and the in-built short-term overloading capability of the associated power conversion devices.A control strategy to regulate the BESS output power is then proposed.It is shown that the frequency control action offered by the BESS complements amicably with that of conventional generators in enhancing the frequency regulation attribute of the grid system.
基金supported in part by the Innovationsfond,Denmark,through the project Using flexible district heating with heat pumps for integrated electricity and heat dispatch with renewables(HEAT4RES)(8087-00003 A)in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China under the project(2018YFE0106600).
文摘-The Danish government set an ambitious goal to achieve a fully renewable-based energy system by 2050.In this context,the integrated electricity and heating system is undergoing rapid development in Denmark as a promising way to accommodate the ever-growing renewable energy sources(RESs).The electric heat pumps(HPs),coupled with the power and heat sectors,can propagate the flexibility on the heat consumer side to the power system operations,playing an important role of improving system flexibility and balancing the variability of the RES.In this paper,the current development situation of HPs in Denmark is analyzed,including both the large-scale HPs in the district heating system and individual HPs on the residential side.The possibility of using HPs to provide frequency control ancillary service(FCAS)is analyzed according to the market and technical requirements of the FCAS in the Danish transmission system and experimental results of representative demonstration projects of HPs.A comprehensive analysis of the advantages,barriers,future prospects,and challenges for using HPs to provide the FCAS are carried out from the perspectives of different entities.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20220203163SF).
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also generate considerable revenue by providing frequency regulation services and participating in carbon trading.This study proposes a bidding strategy for PV and BESSs operating in joint energy and frequency regulation markets,with a specific focus on carbon reduction benefits.A two-stage bidding framework that optimizes the profit of PV and BESSs is presented.In the first stage,the day-ahead energy market takes into account potential real-time forecast deviations.In the second stage,the real-time balancing market uses a rolling optimization method to account for multiple uncertainties.Notably,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of PV and BESSs in automatic generation control(AGC).This is particularly relevant given the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuations in the optimization model of the real-time balancing market.This control method dynamically assigns the frequency regulation amount undertaken by the PV and BESSs according to the control interval in which the area control error(ACE)occurs.The case study results demonstrate that the proposed bidding strategy not only enables the PV and BESSs to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response but also yields considerable carbon emission reduction benefits and effectively improves the system operation economy.
