In an earlier paper （Tien 2012）, the author augurs that, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third...In an earlier paper （Tien 2012）, the author augurs that, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it began in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is underpinned by the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced as ＂ServGoods＂, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers. Adding sensors to these ServGoods and letting them connect or communicate among themselves or with other ServGoods can result in an Intemet of Things （i.e., connected ServGoods）. A number of considerations, consequences and concerns relating to such an Intemet of Connected ServGoods are discussed herein.展开更多
In an earlier paper （Tien 2015）, the author defmed the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptabl...In an earlier paper （Tien 2015）, the author defmed the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptable and customizable for a particular use. Adding another layer of physical sensors could then enhance its smartness and intelligence, especially if it were to be connected with each other or with other servgoods through the Internet of Things. Such sensed servgoods are becoming the products of the future. Indeed, autonomous vehicles can be considered the exemplar servgoods of the future; it is about decision informatics and embraces the advanced technologies of sensing （i.e., Big Data）, processing （i.e., real-time analytics）, reacting （i.e., real-time decision-making）, and learning （i.e., deep learning）. Since autonomous vehicles constitute a huge quality-of-life disruption, it is also critical to consider its policy impact on privacy and security, regulations and standards, and liability and insurance. Finally, just as the Soviet Union inaugurated the space age on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the U. S. has inaugurated an age of automata or autonomous vehicles that can be considered to be the U. S. Sputnik of servgoods, with the full support of the U. S. government, the U. S. auto industry, the U. S. electronic industry, and the U.S. higher educational enterprise.展开更多
The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an ...The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),servgoods.Actually,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or servgoods.In this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass production.More importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time customization.Moreover,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended consequences.Looking ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.展开更多
Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies,including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time act...Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies,including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time actions.More specifically,real-time decision making can be depicted in terms of three converging dimensions:Internet of Things,decision making,and real-time.The Internet of Things include tangible goods,intangible services,ServGoods,and connected ServGoods.Decision making includes model-based analytics(since before 1990),information-based Big Data(since 1990),and training-based artificial intelligence(since 2000),and it is bolstered by the evolving real-time technologies of sensing(i.e.,capturing streaming data),processing(i.e.,applying real-time analytics),reacting(i.e.,making decisions in real-time),and learning(i.e.,employing deep neural networks).Real-time includes mobile networks,autonomous vehicles,and artificial general intelligence.Central to decision making,especially real-time decision making,is the ServGood concept,which the author introduced in an earlier paper(2012).It is a physical product or good encased by a services layer that renders the good more adaptable and smarter for a specific purpose or use.Addition of another communication sensors layer could further enhance its smartness and adaptiveness.Such connected ServGoods constitute a solid foundation for the advanced products of tomorrow which can further display their growing intelligence through real-time decisions.展开更多
文摘In an earlier paper （Tien 2012）, the author augurs that, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it began in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is underpinned by the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced as ＂ServGoods＂, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers. Adding sensors to these ServGoods and letting them connect or communicate among themselves or with other ServGoods can result in an Intemet of Things （i.e., connected ServGoods）. A number of considerations, consequences and concerns relating to such an Intemet of Connected ServGoods are discussed herein.
文摘In an earlier paper （Tien 2015）, the author defmed the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptable and customizable for a particular use. Adding another layer of physical sensors could then enhance its smartness and intelligence, especially if it were to be connected with each other or with other servgoods through the Internet of Things. Such sensed servgoods are becoming the products of the future. Indeed, autonomous vehicles can be considered the exemplar servgoods of the future; it is about decision informatics and embraces the advanced technologies of sensing （i.e., Big Data）, processing （i.e., real-time analytics）, reacting （i.e., real-time decision-making）, and learning （i.e., deep learning）. Since autonomous vehicles constitute a huge quality-of-life disruption, it is also critical to consider its policy impact on privacy and security, regulations and standards, and liability and insurance. Finally, just as the Soviet Union inaugurated the space age on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the U. S. has inaugurated an age of automata or autonomous vehicles that can be considered to be the U. S. Sputnik of servgoods, with the full support of the U. S. government, the U. S. auto industry, the U. S. electronic industry, and the U.S. higher educational enterprise.
文摘The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),servgoods.Actually,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or servgoods.In this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass production.More importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time customization.Moreover,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended consequences.Looking ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.
文摘Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies,including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time actions.More specifically,real-time decision making can be depicted in terms of three converging dimensions:Internet of Things,decision making,and real-time.The Internet of Things include tangible goods,intangible services,ServGoods,and connected ServGoods.Decision making includes model-based analytics(since before 1990),information-based Big Data(since 1990),and training-based artificial intelligence(since 2000),and it is bolstered by the evolving real-time technologies of sensing(i.e.,capturing streaming data),processing(i.e.,applying real-time analytics),reacting(i.e.,making decisions in real-time),and learning(i.e.,employing deep neural networks).Real-time includes mobile networks,autonomous vehicles,and artificial general intelligence.Central to decision making,especially real-time decision making,is the ServGood concept,which the author introduced in an earlier paper(2012).It is a physical product or good encased by a services layer that renders the good more adaptable and smarter for a specific purpose or use.Addition of another communication sensors layer could further enhance its smartness and adaptiveness.Such connected ServGoods constitute a solid foundation for the advanced products of tomorrow which can further display their growing intelligence through real-time decisions.
