Scanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antennaof adult male and fe- male ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata . Eleven-segmented, scaly antennawas 950μm in male and 980 μm in female. El...Scanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antennaof adult male and fe- male ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata . Eleven-segmented, scaly antennawas 950μm in male and 980 μm in female. Electron micrographs reveal the occurrence of eight typesof sensillae, viz. chaetica ( Ch) , trichoidea (Tr) , basiconica (Ba) , campaniformia (Ca) ,ampucellaceous (Am) , scolopalia (Sc) , placoidea (PI) and hook shaped sensilla on the antennae ofmale and female ladybeetles. Ch had long external-process, with base surrounded by membranous socketand the length was 60 and 70 μm in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Tr weredistally curved and inserted into depression, 9.0 and 15 μm long in male and female ladybeetle,respectively. Sensillae Ba were cuticular peg-like and 0.57 and 0.70 μm long on the male and femaleantennae. Sensillae Ca were small dome-like and had diameter of 3.0μm in both the sexes. SensillaeAm were pit-like in appearance and the diameter of the pit was 1.2 and 1.5 in male and femaleladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae PI were elliptical sunken plates like in both the sexes.Sensillae Sc were broad at their apex and pointed at their tip, 2.5μm. A single hook-shapedsensilla of 21.0 μm in length was present on male antenna only. Ch, Ca, Am, and PI were almostsimilar in numbers in both the sexes. Sensillae Tr were more numerous on the male antenna and Bawere more numerous on the female antenna.展开更多
为评估虱螨脲单剂及其复配制剂对3种环境昆虫的毒性效应和风险,研究采用药膜法对七星瓢虫和稻螟赤眼蜂、采用饲喂法和点滴法对意大利蜜蜂进行了毒性试验,获取其LR50/LD50数据,结合田间推荐用药量进行初级风险评估。试验结果表明:15%虱...为评估虱螨脲单剂及其复配制剂对3种环境昆虫的毒性效应和风险,研究采用药膜法对七星瓢虫和稻螟赤眼蜂、采用饲喂法和点滴法对意大利蜜蜂进行了毒性试验,获取其LR50/LD50数据,结合田间推荐用药量进行初级风险评估。试验结果表明:15%虱螨脲悬浮剂、20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂、30%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂和12%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的LR50分别为>100、59.79、1.14、6.21 g a.i./hm^(2);对稻螟赤眼蜂的LR50分别为1.29、1.58、0.44、3.32 g a.i./hm^(2);对意大利蜜蜂的经口LD50分别为35.470、0.022、3.330、0.080μg a.i./蜂,毒性等级分别为低毒、高毒、中毒、高毒;对意大利蜜蜂的接触LD50分别为>100、0.026、1.390、0.004μg a.i./蜂,毒性等级分别为低毒、高毒、高毒、高毒。风险评估结果显示,15%虱螨脲悬浮剂仅对赤眼蜂农田内风险不可接受,20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂对七星瓢虫风险可接受,30%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂在农田外场景下对七星瓢虫风险可接受,12%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂在农田外场景下对七星瓢虫和稻螟赤眼蜂风险均可接受。综上,建议在植物花期内应尽量避免使用虱螨脲复配制剂,在寄生性天敌释放区禁止使用虱螨脲及其复配制剂,在捕食性天敌释放区可适量使用15%虱螨脲悬浮剂和20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂。展开更多
为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测...为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量,表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50为0.255~63.400 g a.i./hm^(2);对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR_(50-48 h)和LR_(50-16 d)分别为9.30~21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)和3.72~8.36 g a.i./hm^(2)。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;3种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受。综之,2种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大,30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受,农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。展开更多
文摘Scanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antennaof adult male and fe- male ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata . Eleven-segmented, scaly antennawas 950μm in male and 980 μm in female. Electron micrographs reveal the occurrence of eight typesof sensillae, viz. chaetica ( Ch) , trichoidea (Tr) , basiconica (Ba) , campaniformia (Ca) ,ampucellaceous (Am) , scolopalia (Sc) , placoidea (PI) and hook shaped sensilla on the antennae ofmale and female ladybeetles. Ch had long external-process, with base surrounded by membranous socketand the length was 60 and 70 μm in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Tr weredistally curved and inserted into depression, 9.0 and 15 μm long in male and female ladybeetle,respectively. Sensillae Ba were cuticular peg-like and 0.57 and 0.70 μm long on the male and femaleantennae. Sensillae Ca were small dome-like and had diameter of 3.0μm in both the sexes. SensillaeAm were pit-like in appearance and the diameter of the pit was 1.2 and 1.5 in male and femaleladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae PI were elliptical sunken plates like in both the sexes.Sensillae Sc were broad at their apex and pointed at their tip, 2.5μm. A single hook-shapedsensilla of 21.0 μm in length was present on male antenna only. Ch, Ca, Am, and PI were almostsimilar in numbers in both the sexes. Sensillae Tr were more numerous on the male antenna and Bawere more numerous on the female antenna.
文摘为评估虱螨脲单剂及其复配制剂对3种环境昆虫的毒性效应和风险,研究采用药膜法对七星瓢虫和稻螟赤眼蜂、采用饲喂法和点滴法对意大利蜜蜂进行了毒性试验,获取其LR50/LD50数据,结合田间推荐用药量进行初级风险评估。试验结果表明:15%虱螨脲悬浮剂、20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂、30%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂和12%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的LR50分别为>100、59.79、1.14、6.21 g a.i./hm^(2);对稻螟赤眼蜂的LR50分别为1.29、1.58、0.44、3.32 g a.i./hm^(2);对意大利蜜蜂的经口LD50分别为35.470、0.022、3.330、0.080μg a.i./蜂,毒性等级分别为低毒、高毒、中毒、高毒;对意大利蜜蜂的接触LD50分别为>100、0.026、1.390、0.004μg a.i./蜂,毒性等级分别为低毒、高毒、高毒、高毒。风险评估结果显示,15%虱螨脲悬浮剂仅对赤眼蜂农田内风险不可接受,20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂对七星瓢虫风险可接受,30%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂在农田外场景下对七星瓢虫风险可接受,12%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂在农田外场景下对七星瓢虫和稻螟赤眼蜂风险均可接受。综上,建议在植物花期内应尽量避免使用虱螨脲复配制剂,在寄生性天敌释放区禁止使用虱螨脲及其复配制剂,在捕食性天敌释放区可适量使用15%虱螨脲悬浮剂和20%噻虫嗪·虱螨脲悬浮剂。
文摘为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量,表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50为0.255~63.400 g a.i./hm^(2);对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR_(50-48 h)和LR_(50-16 d)分别为9.30~21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)和3.72~8.36 g a.i./hm^(2)。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;3种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受。综之,2种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大,30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受,农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。
