This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impuri...This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage(depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron(relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability(16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30,depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time,9.43 min.展开更多
The adsorptive separation of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6),as an alternative to distillation units consuming high energy,is a promising yet challenging research.The great similarity in the molecular size of C_(2)H_(4)and C...The adsorptive separation of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6),as an alternative to distillation units consuming high energy,is a promising yet challenging research.The great similarity in the molecular size of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6)brings challenges to the regulation of adsorbents to realize efficient dynamic separation.Herein,we reported the enhancement of the kinetic separation of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)by controlling the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4)(Atz=3-amino-1,2,4-triazole)to amplify the diffusion difference of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6).Through adjusting the synthesis temperature,reactant concentration,and ligands/metal ions molar ratio,ZnAtzPO4 crystals with different sizes were obtained.Both single-component kinetic adsorption tests and binary-component dynamic breakthrough experiments confirmed the enhancement of the dynamic separation of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)with the increase in the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4).The separation selectivity of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)increased from 1.3 to 98.5 with the increase in the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4).This work demonstrated the role of morphology and size control of adsorbent crystals in the improvement of the C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)kinetic separation performance.展开更多
Separating propylene(C_(3)H_(6))from propane(C_(3)H_(8))is a complex procedure in the petrochemical sector due to the comparable characteristics of the two gases.Herein,we reported the self-assembly phenomenon of NbOF...Separating propylene(C_(3)H_(6))from propane(C_(3)H_(8))is a complex procedure in the petrochemical sector due to the comparable characteristics of the two gases.Herein,we reported the self-assembly phenomenon of NbOFFIVE-1-Ni(KAUST-7)crystals under different synthetic routes.The material features a decreased framework strain energy compared to original KAUST-7 and exhibits completely different adsorption performance,achieving the efficient separation of C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) by synergetic effect of equilibrium and kinetics.The C.Headsorptiocapacitywas as highas 46.2cm^(3)·g^(-1)(298k.1bar),increasing by 3%compared to theoriginalmaterial.The difusion rates of C_(3)H_(6) were faster than C_(3)H_(8) as confirmed by time dependent kinetic adsorption profiles.It concurrently combines an excellent C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) uptake ratio of 3.1 and kinetic selectivity(96.5)for C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) separation with an equilibrium-kinetic combined selectivity of 42.5.Meanwhile,it can be regenerated easily due to moderate isosteric heat of adsorption(28.7 kJ·mol^(-1)).Breakthrough experiment for C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) gas mixture was conducted and confirmed the high-purity recovery of CsHs over CgHg.Moreover,it exhibited excellent water and moisture stability and can be easily synthesized through stirring at room temperature,which confers them with great potentialforindustrialapplication.展开更多
Separations of mixtures in fixed-bed adsorbers are influenced by factors such as(1)selectivity of adsorption,Sads,(2)diffusional time constants,Đi/rc 2,and(3)diffusion selectivity,Đ1/Đ2.In synergistic separations,intr...Separations of mixtures in fixed-bed adsorbers are influenced by factors such as(1)selectivity of adsorption,Sads,(2)diffusional time constants,Đi/rc 2,and(3)diffusion selectivity,Đ1/Đ2.In synergistic separations,intracrystalline diffusion of vip molecules serves to enhance the selectivities dictated by thermodynamics of mixture adsorption.In antisynergistic separations,intracrystalline diffusion serves to reverse the hierarchy of selectivities dictated by adsorption equilibrium.For both scenarios,the productivities of the desired product in fixed-bed operations are crucially dependent on diffusional time constants,Đi/rc 2;these need to be sufficiently low in order for diffusional influences to be effective.Also,the ratioĐ1/Đ2 should be large enough for manifestation of synergistic or antisynergistic influence.Both synergistic and antisynergistic separations have two common,distinguishing characteristics.Firstly,for transient uptake within crystals,the more mobile component attains supraequilibrium loadings during the initial stages of the transience.Such overshoots,signifying uphill diffusion,are engendered by the cross-coefficientsΓij(i≠j)of thermodynamic correction factors.Secondly,the component molar loadings,plotted in composition space,follow serpentine equilibration paths.If cross-coefficients are neglected,no overshoots in the loadings of the more mobile component are experienced,and the component loadings follow monotonous equilibration paths.The important takeaway message is that the modeling of mixture separations in fixed-bed adsorbers requires the use of the Maxwell−Stefan equations describing mixture diffusion employing chemical potential gradients as driving forces.展开更多
The efficient hydrolytic kinetic separation of trans/cis-（R）-（＋）-limonene oxides was realized in a 1 ： 1 mixed solvent of water and 1,4-dioxane without additional catalyst. Optically pure trans-（R）-（＋）-limo...The efficient hydrolytic kinetic separation of trans/cis-（R）-（＋）-limonene oxides was realized in a 1 ： 1 mixed solvent of water and 1,4-dioxane without additional catalyst. Optically pure trans-（R）-（＋）-limonene oxide was recovered in high yield （77%）.展开更多
基金the phosphate Esfordi MineShahrood University of Technology for their support during this research
文摘This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage(depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron(relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability(16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30,depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time,9.43 min.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122811,22008209)the Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SZ-TD008).
文摘The adsorptive separation of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6),as an alternative to distillation units consuming high energy,is a promising yet challenging research.The great similarity in the molecular size of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6)brings challenges to the regulation of adsorbents to realize efficient dynamic separation.Herein,we reported the enhancement of the kinetic separation of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)by controlling the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4)(Atz=3-amino-1,2,4-triazole)to amplify the diffusion difference of C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(6).Through adjusting the synthesis temperature,reactant concentration,and ligands/metal ions molar ratio,ZnAtzPO4 crystals with different sizes were obtained.Both single-component kinetic adsorption tests and binary-component dynamic breakthrough experiments confirmed the enhancement of the dynamic separation of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)with the increase in the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4).The separation selectivity of C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)increased from 1.3 to 98.5 with the increase in the crystal size of ZnAtzPO_(4).This work demonstrated the role of morphology and size control of adsorbent crystals in the improvement of the C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)kinetic separation performance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21722609 and 21878260)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR170B060001).
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3806800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278287,22278288,22090062).
文摘Separating propylene(C_(3)H_(6))from propane(C_(3)H_(8))is a complex procedure in the petrochemical sector due to the comparable characteristics of the two gases.Herein,we reported the self-assembly phenomenon of NbOFFIVE-1-Ni(KAUST-7)crystals under different synthetic routes.The material features a decreased framework strain energy compared to original KAUST-7 and exhibits completely different adsorption performance,achieving the efficient separation of C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) by synergetic effect of equilibrium and kinetics.The C.Headsorptiocapacitywas as highas 46.2cm^(3)·g^(-1)(298k.1bar),increasing by 3%compared to theoriginalmaterial.The difusion rates of C_(3)H_(6) were faster than C_(3)H_(8) as confirmed by time dependent kinetic adsorption profiles.It concurrently combines an excellent C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) uptake ratio of 3.1 and kinetic selectivity(96.5)for C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) separation with an equilibrium-kinetic combined selectivity of 42.5.Meanwhile,it can be regenerated easily due to moderate isosteric heat of adsorption(28.7 kJ·mol^(-1)).Breakthrough experiment for C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) gas mixture was conducted and confirmed the high-purity recovery of CsHs over CgHg.Moreover,it exhibited excellent water and moisture stability and can be easily synthesized through stirring at room temperature,which confers them with great potentialforindustrialapplication.
文摘Separations of mixtures in fixed-bed adsorbers are influenced by factors such as(1)selectivity of adsorption,Sads,(2)diffusional time constants,Đi/rc 2,and(3)diffusion selectivity,Đ1/Đ2.In synergistic separations,intracrystalline diffusion of vip molecules serves to enhance the selectivities dictated by thermodynamics of mixture adsorption.In antisynergistic separations,intracrystalline diffusion serves to reverse the hierarchy of selectivities dictated by adsorption equilibrium.For both scenarios,the productivities of the desired product in fixed-bed operations are crucially dependent on diffusional time constants,Đi/rc 2;these need to be sufficiently low in order for diffusional influences to be effective.Also,the ratioĐ1/Đ2 should be large enough for manifestation of synergistic or antisynergistic influence.Both synergistic and antisynergistic separations have two common,distinguishing characteristics.Firstly,for transient uptake within crystals,the more mobile component attains supraequilibrium loadings during the initial stages of the transience.Such overshoots,signifying uphill diffusion,are engendered by the cross-coefficientsΓij(i≠j)of thermodynamic correction factors.Secondly,the component molar loadings,plotted in composition space,follow serpentine equilibration paths.If cross-coefficients are neglected,no overshoots in the loadings of the more mobile component are experienced,and the component loadings follow monotonous equilibration paths.The important takeaway message is that the modeling of mixture separations in fixed-bed adsorbers requires the use of the Maxwell−Stefan equations describing mixture diffusion employing chemical potential gradients as driving forces.
文摘The efficient hydrolytic kinetic separation of trans/cis-（R）-（＋）-limonene oxides was realized in a 1 ： 1 mixed solvent of water and 1,4-dioxane without additional catalyst. Optically pure trans-（R）-（＋）-limonene oxide was recovered in high yield （77%）.
